MATHERMATICS 6 – MODULE 1

TOPIC: Adding and Subtracting Simple Fractions and Mixed

CONTENT STANDARD:
PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Numbers Without Regrouping
Demonstrates understanding of the four fundamental
operations involving fractions and decimals.
The learner is able to apply the four fundamental operations
involving fractions and decimals in mathematical problems
and real-life situations.
 Adds and subtracts simple fractions and mixed
numbers without and with regrouping. (M4NS-
la-86)
 Solves routine and non-routine problems
involving addition and/or subtraction of fractions
using appropriate problem-solving strategies
and tools. (M4NS-la-87.3

I. Introduction

The Philippines was strongly hit by the pandemic COVID-19. Assume that our municipality selected
three barangays to receive the following kilograms of rice.

Barangay A Barangay B Barangay C

2 2 1
5 kg 3 kg
250 160 325
4 kg

How many kilograms of rice donated in all?

Try to answer this by finding the equivalent fractions for all mixed numbers with 60 as LCD. Find the
value of the numerator of the following:

2
250
5
= 250 ❑
60

2 ❑
160
3 =160 60

1 ❑
325
4
=325 60
II. Explore

Lesson 1. Adding and Subtracting Simple Fractions and Mixed Numbers Without Regrouping

5 2 1
Simple Fractions: , ,
8 5 3

2 2 1
Mixed numbers: 250 , 160 , 325
5 3 4

Simple fractions or dissimilar fractions can either be similar or dissimilar. In adding and subtracting
dissimilar fractions, it is best to change dissimilar to similar fractions first. The fractions may be added
vertically or horizontally. The answer must always be written in simplest form or in the lowest terms.

Example 1:
 3 2 5
Add , , and LCD=30
5 3 6

3 18
5
= 30

2 20
3
= 30

5 25
+ 6
= 30

63 3 1
or 2 or 2 in simplest form
30 30 10

Example 2:

2 2 1
Add 250
5
, 160 and 325
3 4
LCD= 60

2 2
250
5
+ 160
3
+ 325 14 = ?
24 40 15
250
60
+ 160
60
+ 325
60
= (250 + 160 + 325) + ( 24
60
+ 40
60
+ 15
60
)
79
= 735 + 60

79 19 19
= 735 60 or 735 + 1 60 or 736 60

Example 3.

2 8
Subtract
3
from 9
LCD= 9

8 8
9
= 9

2 6
- 3
= 9

2
9

Example 4.

2 6
Subtract 124 from 386 LCD= 8
3 8

6 2 6 4
386
8
- 124
4
= 386
8
- 124
8

2 1
= 262
8 or
262
4
Simple and mixed fractions may either be similar or dissimilar.

To add or subtract simple fractions that are similar just get the sum of the numerators and affix the
common denominator.

To add or subtract simple fractions that are dissimilar find the LCD and proceed to operation.

To add or subtract mixed numbers that are similar, get the sum of the whole numbers first, then get
the numerators, ad affix the denominator.

To add or subtract mixed fractions that are dissimilar find the LCD and proceed to the operation.

It is always best to express the answer in simplest form. However, if the obtained common
denominator is already the LCD, then the obtained answer is already in simplest form.

III. Deepen

A. Change the following fractions into mixed numbers. Express the answer in simplest form if
possible.

12 25
1.
7
= 2.
16
=
124 165
3.
86
= 4.
33
=
215 22
5.
28
= 6.
15
=
87 312
7.
35
= 8.
45
=
75 128
9.
8
= 10.
26
=

B. Change the following dissimilar fractions to similar fractions.

2 1
1.
4
+
3
=

2 2
2.
5
-
3
=

4 1
3.
7
+
2
=

2 4
4.
7
-
5
=

1 4
5.
3
+
6
=
Transfer

Find the sum and difference as indicated.

5 2 8 4
1.
6
+ 3
= 2.
9
- 5
=
 3 2 1 6 1 1
3.
4
+ 5
- 2
= 4.
7
+ 3
- 2
=
2 3 2 4
5.
5
+ 4
+ 3
= 6. 3
5
+ 2 12 =
2
7.10
3
- 8 39 = 8. 25
4
9
+ 15 32 =
5
9. 126
8
+ 235 32 = 10. 140
2
3
+ 112 49 =

Glossary

Factors- are numbers or digit used to multiply to get a product.

LCD- least common denominator

References

Christine Jayne Q. V. Blasco et.al 2016, Phoenics Publishing House Inc. Math for Global
Understanding 6, p. 21-28

Lesson 2: ADD AND SUBTRACT FRACTIONS FOR ROUTINE AND NON-ROUTINE ACTIVIES

I. Introduction
Answer the equation below.

5
7
8
+ 2 36 =

9 4
12 - 6 =

Have you tried to answer such equations when going to the market?

How about when you are eating a pizza and counting the parts you have consumed?

In this lesson you are going to apply what you have previously learned from the previous discussion.

II. Explore

To add simple fractions and mixed numbers, always express the fraction as similar fractions.

To subtract simple fractions, always check if the fractions are similar before proceeding to
subtraction.
To subtract mixed numbers, apply regrouping techniques if the fraction in the subtrahend is greater
than that in the minuend.

Example 1.

1
Suppose in the Philippines, a family of six consumes about 8 kilograms of rice per week, while a
2
1
family of four consumes about 6 kilograms of rice per week. How much more rice does the family
4
1 1
of 6 consume per week than a family of 4? To solve the problem, subtract 8 from 6 . To do this,
2 4
the given fractions must first be expressed as similar fractions. Hence, the situation tells us that the
operation to be used is subtraction.

Solution

1 2
8 8
2 4
-
1 1
6 6
4 4

1
2
12

1
Therefore, the family of 6 consumed 2 kg more rice per week compared to the family of four.
12

One sure way of checking the correctness of the answer in subtraction is through addition because it
is the inverse operation of subtraction.

Example 2.

1 3 2
Elsa went to the market to buy vegetables. She bought kg of carrots, 2 kg of potato, and 1 kg
2 4 3
of cabbage. How much is the total weight of her vegetables bought in the market?

1 6
2 12

3 1
2 2
4 12
+ 2 8
1 1
3 12

15 3
3
12
(
3 +(1 )
12
3+1 ( 14 ) 4
1
4

1
Therefore, Elsa is carrying 4 kg of vegetables she bought in the market.
4

III. Deepen

Answer the following situation and show your solution if necessary with visual representation.
Cheska and Max bought milk from the supermarket. Both take a sip or drink their milk. Cheska
1 2
consumed of milk in carton while Max consumed of his.
3 3
1. How much milk did they consume?

2. Who among them drink more milk?

3. How much is their gap?

4. Represent both of their milk consumption using any figures.

IV. TRANSFER

Read and analyze the following word problems. Then, show your complete solution.

2 15
1. What will be added to 12 to get 18 ?
7 21

1 1
2. Sophie needs 3 meters of Christmas wrapper to cover her gifts while her sister needs 4 meters
3 3
to cover hers. How many more meters of Christmas wrapper does Sophie’s sister need?

3. In item number 2, how many meters of Christmas gift wrapper do both Sophie and her sister need
in all?

2
4. The organizers of Sing and Dance Concert for the Typhoon Nona victims had 150 meters of rope
5
2
to enclose the concert area. If 5
meters were taken as excess, what was the actual number of
5
meters needed to enclose the concert area?

V. Reference

Christine Jayne Q. V. Blasco et.al 2016, Phoenics Publishing House Inc. Math for Global
Understanding 6, p. 21-28 & 29-35