Tosk Albanian - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian

Tosk Albanian
Tosk (definite Albanian form: toskërishtja) is the southern
group of dialects of the Albanian language, spoken by the
Tosk
ethnographic group known as Tosks. The line of Toskërishtja
demarcation between Tosk and Gheg (the northern variety) Region Albania, North
is the Shkumbin River. Tosk is the basis of the standard Macedonia, Italy,
Albanian language. Greece, Turkey
Native speakers 1.8 million (2011
Major Tosk-speaking groups include the Myzeqars of census)[1]
Myzeqe, Labs of Labëria, Chams of Çamëria, Arvanites of
Language Indo-European
Greece and the Arbëreshë of Italy, as well as the original
family
inhabitants of Mandritsa in Bulgaria. In North Macedonia, ▪ Albanian
there were approximately 3000 speakers in the early ▪ Tosk
1980s.[2]
Writing system Albanian
alphabet,
formerly Elbasan
Contents Language codes

Tosk features ISO 639-3 als

See also Glottolog alba1268 (htt

p://glottolo
References g.org/resourc
External links e/languoid/id
/alba1268)
tosk1239 (htt
Tosk features p://glottolo
g.org/resourc
e/languoid/id
▪ Rhotacism: Proto-Albanian *-n- becomes -r- (e.g. rëra
/tosk1239)
"sand")
▪ Tosk dialects preserve groups mb, ngj and nd Linguasphere 55-AAA-aca to
55-AAA-ace
assimilated to m, nj and n in Geg.[3]
▪ Proto-Albanian *ō becomes va.
▪ Nasal vowels: There is a lack of nasal vowels in Tosk
(e.g. sy "eye") and Late Proto-Albanian *â plus a nasal
becomes ë (e.g. nëntë "nine").
▪ e-vowel: The e becomes ë in some varieties in some
words qën for qen in Vjosë.
▪ ë-vowel: The ë may have several pronunciations
depending on dialect: the ë is more backed in Labërisht
dialects like that of Vuno, where mëz "foal" is [mʌz]). A map showing Tosk speakers in
Final -ë drops in many Tosk dialects and lengthens the the two palest shades of brown
preceding vowel.
▪ y-vowel: The y vowel often derounds to i in Labërisht, Çam, Arvanitika and Arbëresh (e.g. dy
"two" becomes di).
▪ Dh and Ll: These sounds may interchange in some words in some varieties.
▪ H: This may drop in any position in some dialects.

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Tosk Albanian - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosk_Albanian

▪ Gl/Kl: Some varieties of Çam, Arberësh, and Arvanitika retain kl and gl in place of q and gj
(e.g. gjuhë "tongue" is gluhë in Çam, gluhë in Siculo-Arberësh, and gljuhë in Arvanitika;
"klumësh" for "qumësht" "milk" in Arbëresh).
▪ Rr: Rr becomes r in some varieties.

See also
▪ Albanian dialects
▪ Lab Albanian dialect
▪ Cham Albanian dialect
▪ Arvanitika
▪ Arbëresh language

References

1. Tosk (https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/als/) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

(subscription required)
2. Fraenkel, Eran; Kramer, Christina Elizabeth (1993). Language Contact - Language Conflict
(https://books.google.com/books?id=1cAbAQAAIAAJ&q=Tosk+albanians). p. 36.
ISBN 9780820416526. "Thus, for example, even the small numbers of Tosk Albanians of
southern North Macedonia (only approximately 3,000 in the early 1980s)"
3. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998). Albanian etymological dictionary. Leiden: Brill.
ISBN 9789004110243.

External links
▪ ISO documentation (http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=als)

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This page was last edited on 6 November 2022, at 13:49 (UTC).

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