MAKALAH

“2 SEMESTER ENGLISH LEARNING”

nd

2021-2022

LUDMILA KIYARA EFRI

XI SOCIAL 3
26
 PREFACE

Praise and thanksgiving we pray to God because for the blessings of His grace and
guidance, we were able to complete the “2nd Semester English Learning” task paper. 
The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mrs. Pesta
Liana as the teacher of English subject.
This is one of my assignments in English subject. This is not a perfect model so I expects
critic and suggestion from Mrs.Pesta in order to make it better.
Hopefully this paper can help the readers to gain more knowledge about English subject
in the 2nd semester.

Jakarta, April 5th 2022

Ludmila Kiyara E.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface …………………………………….………………………………………………….2

Table Of Contents ...………………………………..…………………………………………3

1.1 Personal Letter ...………………………………..………………………………………...4

a. Definition ...………………………………..……………………………………………….4

b. Purpose ...………………………………..…………………………………………………4

c. Generic Structure ...………………………………..……………………………………….4

d. Example ...………………………………..………………………………………………...4

1.2 Analytical Exposition ...………………………………..…………………………………5

a. Definition ...………………………………..……………………………………………….5

b. Purpose ...………………………………..…………………………………………………5

c. Generic Structure ...………………………………..……………………………………….5

d. Example ...………………………………..………………………………………………...5

1.3 Procedure Text ...………………………………..………………………………………...6

a. Definition ...………………………………..……………………………………………….6

b. Purpose ...………………………………..…………………………………………………6

c. Generic Structure ...………………………………..……………………………………….6

d. Example ...………………………………..………………………………………………...6

1.4 Song ...………………………………..…………………………………………………...7

a. Definition ...………………………………..……………………………………………….7

b. Purpose ...………………………………..…………………………………………………7

c. Generic Structure ...………………………………..……………………………………….7

d. Example ...………………………………..………………………………………………...7

Bibliography ...………………………………..………………………………………………9
1.1 Personal letter
Definition:
A type of letter that usually concerns personal matters and it is sent from one individual
to another such as family members, relatives and friends, and love letters. People write
and send personal letters for only a small number of people to read — usually one or
two. Writers can send personal letters for lots of different reasons: short memos for
business strategies, love letters between long-distance sweethearts or even pen pal
messages to foreign exchange students. Senders usually handwrite personal letters, which
emphasizes the personal nature of the note.

Purpose:
The purpose about the personal letter is to convey personal opinion or interest.

Generic Structure:
-Place and Date: It tells about the specific time the letter is written;
- Recipient Address: It contains the complete postal address of the receiver of the
message;
- Greeting: An interjaction that is used to open the conversation of the letter;
- Contents : Several paragraphs claborates the aim of the letter;
- Writer’s Hope: It states what the writer wishes for that the receiver of the message
would do;
- Closing: A signature from the writer and the proper closing statement.
 
Example:
Hello my friend,
I am writing this letter to wish you a happy birthday! Sorry I couldn't come and meet you
in person, kindly accept this letter and understand my feelings. I hope you can enjoy
today as much as the previous years. I remember very well that your birthday party was
always fun and exciting. Hope your friends can come and join you on this special day. I
wish you all the wonderful joy and happiness that our friendship brings to me! Enjoy
your birthday!
See you soon!
From,
Your best friend
1.2 Analytical Exposition
Definition:
According to Collins Dictionary, analytical itself is an analytical way of doing something
involving the use of logical reasoning or an analytical way of doing something that
involves the use of logical reasoning. Meanwhile, according to Dictionary.com
exposition is writing or speech primarily intended to convey information or to explain.
Exposition is a writing or speech whose main purpose is to convey information or to
explain. Thus, analytical exposition text is an English text whose contents are logical
arguments from the author regarding a problem that needs attention.

Purpose:
The purpose of the analytical exposition text is to persuade the reader that there is
something which needs an attention.

Generic Structure:
- Thesis: the first part of the text is a thesis, which is an explanation of the topic of the
problem and the opinion of the author.
- Arguments: this section describes the arguments that support the author's opinion.
- Reiteration: the end of the text is a reiteration in the form of rewriting the thesis or
opinion of the author. Usually this section begins with From the fact above… (from the
facts above…), Therefore… (hence…), In conclusion… (Conclusion…), and so on.

Example:

COVID-19 health protocol violators should be sanctioned

COVID-19 health protocol violators should be sanctioned. As we know, the number of

people infected with the covid virus is still increasing in our country, but some people still
ignore the health protocol by not wearing mask and keeping their distance. Firstly, the
violators will continue to ignore the health protocol suggested by the government if they
aren’t sanctioned. By being sanctioned, they will feel deterred and ashamed so that in the
future they will obey the rules given. Secondly, by sanctioning the violators, they will
understand responsibility. Not only does it prevent us from being infected by the virus, but
adhering to health protocols also keep others safe. We may not feel infected, but at least
we prevent bad things by continuing to keep distance and wearing masks. That way, we
will fulfill our responsibilities to ourselves and others. Lastly, giving sanctions to the
violators will make them more aware of the danger of COVID-19. It is said that WHO
declared COVID-19 a pandemic, which means that this virus is very dangerous, so it is
best to continue to maintain health and avoid COVID-19. Therefore, the health protocol
violators should be sanctioned because of the reasons given above.
1.3 Procedure Text
Definition:
There are three definition about procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something
works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the
computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a
particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety rules.
(3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to succeed

Purpose:
To explain / tell (the reader) how to make / operate / do something through a sequence of
actions or steps

Generic Structure:
- Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
- Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil,
etc. )
- Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes slice. . . )

Example:

HOW TO MAKE A CUP Of COFFEE

MATERIALS AND INGEDIENTS :

– 2 spoons of sugar
– one spoon of coffee powder
– hot water
– a cup
– a spoon

PROCEDURE :
1. Prepare two spoons of sugar, a cup, hot water, one spoon of coffee powder, a spoon.
2. Put one spoon of coffee powder into the cup.
3. Pour some hot water into the cup.
4. Add 2 spoons of sugar into a cup of coffee
5. Stir it well and the hot coffee is ready to drink
1.4 Song
Definition:
A song is a musical composition intended to be performed by the human voice. This is
often done at distinct and fixed pitches (melodies) using patterns of sound and silence.
Songs contain various forms, such as those including the repetition and variation of
sections.

Purpose:
Producing a proportionate feeling or emotion in relation to a particular matter.

Generic Structure:
a. Intro
The introduction establishes melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic related to the main
body of the song.
b. Verse
It is the section of the song structure that tells the story. This is the exposition, describing
the scene or the person, or an emotion. There are usually two or three verses in a row that
have the same musical structure, the same rhyme, and poetic meter, but different words.
The second verse builds on the picture painted in the first verse, etc.
c. Chorus of Refrain
A chorus is the most repeated section, so it’s the easiest remembered. A chorus is a
summary of the song’s story. All the verses have been leading up to the chorus and are
usually the part of the song people sing along with. A chorus can come at the beginning
of the song structure; it can also start in the middle, or come at the end. In fact, some
songs don’t have choruses at all. Some people are usually confused to differentiate
between choruses and refrain. A refrain is any line that repeats in the song lyric, while a
chorus is any group of lines that repeat.
d. Break
A break is actually a brief “rest” or “pause” for the core melody within a song used to
add further dimension and excitement. It may include a quick instrumental solo or drum
interlude or it may be a brief moment of silence or a combination of each of these
elements.
e. Bridge
This is the part of the song that shifts. It can suddenly change tempo, or volume, or
instrumentation. The bridge is the section that gives the audience time to reflect on the
story or gives them the “climax” or conclusion of the story through verses and chorus.
Bridges can be used to give the singer a break.
f. Outro or Coda
This is the end of the road for the song. It can repeat the intro, chorus or a refrain as an
outro, or a bridge with an instrumental solo.

Example:
By: Barney

I love you, you love me

We're a happy family
With a great big hug
And a kiss from me to you
Won't you say you love me too?
I love you, you love me
We're best friends like friends should be
With a great big hug
And a kiss from me to you
Won't you say you love me too?
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://suciidedee.wordpress.com/2014/07/10/materi-personal-letter/
http://sekarshafira.blogspot.com/2018/03/definition-purpose-generic-structure.html
https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/kids/blog/contoh-personal-letter-dalam-bahasa-inggris/
https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/10/16/212144769/analytical-exposition-text-
definition-structure-language-features?page=all
http://britishcourse.com/procedure-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-language-
features.php
https://www.jonguerramusic.com/blog/2015/5/6/what-is-a-song-anyway
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song
https://englishdoremi.blogspot.com/2018/05/understanding-songs.html
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