1.

Introduction

Children's toys are a multibillion-dollar sector that attracts new buyers on a yearly system based.
It is an important period in a child's development, and they spend the majority of their hours
enjoying their gadgets. The issue being addressed is about a kids toy firm named "Kiddo Toys,"
that is a well company in the world for producing children's toys. Those certain toys' product line
comprises - Dolls, cars, remote-controlled cars, aircraft, and boats. Currently, the Kiddo Toys
company produces a wide range of toys. Company headquarters are in Surrey, England. In
addition, the firm has two subcontractors overseas China as well as Cambodia. The problem
addressed in the lawsuit examines the two moral concerns that the corporation has been exposed
to. To begin with, attributable to poor manufacturing integrity and the usage of paint containing
dangerous compounds in the production of toy vehicles in China. As a result, several parents
voiced their worries and urged that Kiddo Toys should prosecuted for their acts. Furthermore, in
Cambodia, regional subcontractors have been held guilty for recruiting youngsters in their
processing facility, as well as the horrible working conditions endured by the labourers.
Furthermore, there was ample recompense for the extra hours they brought in for an extended
time. Kiddo Toys responded to both of these claims by stating that they "did not have
comprehensive management over the worldwide supply chain and production capabilities." As a
result, it must be investigated using moral theories as well as rationales as to whether the
company's deeds and statements are in full compliance with the ethical benchmarks that they
should follow, and whether the company is required to demonstrate a duty of reasonable care,
and whether it is in line with its business morality for the firm to be made liable for these
findings.
Case analyses with theoretical application
Question 1. Do firms have a special duty to children and society if they manufacture products
targeted at children? Explain your reasons with relevant theories.

Business ethics is the concept of fair and unfair, moral norms, responsibility, fairness, and
obligation in the context of corporate. It is made up of the many concepts, ideas, and moral ideals
that companies should use to guide their operations. While the above circumstance poses a
variety of institutional and corporate moral difficulties, the concept of Ethical relativism is
initially investigated. Based to this theory, the concept of good versus evil is only determined by
what a group or community deems it to be – implying that ethical maxims are not universal but
rather unique to a civilisation or social milieu (Drucker, 1981). As a result, according to a moral
relativist, it may be acceptable for certain persons in China to employ dangerous chemicals in the
production process of children's toys (Cars), despite the fact that such manufacturing faults
caused health problems in their children. Furthermore, while child labour may be regarded
typical by some in Cambodia, it is recognised as exceedingly immoral in some circumstances
since the activity deprives the kid of the most fundamental right to experience their life and
derail their learning skills. To further understand the problem, we split moral psychology into
two categories: teleological or consequential theories and deontological or non-
consequential conceptions. As per consequentialist ideas, the ethical rightness or wrongness of
any action is determined by weighing the measure of good to harm that the activity will produce
(Hasnas, 1998). The previous school of thought holds that results do not decide the
appropriateness of actions. Egoism is a consequentialist theory that posits that ethics correspond
with a person's or organization's consciousness — it is only based on the notion of individual
profit. It is morally right if the activity generates a long-term benefit while also being in the best
values of the persons engaged, and conversely. In this scenario, "Personal Egoism" applies since
the behaviors and choice to utilise harmful substances in the creation of toys intended for
children benefit solely the supplier in China, who benefits not just from cheap labour but also
from inexpensive raw materials employed in the assembly process. Employ the Due Care
Theory, which holds that product makers have an obligation to take specified activities to
guarantee that the commodity they are making does not hurt the consumer's interests (Murero,
2013). It is the contractor's responsibility to take all required precautions to guarantee that the
item they are making is acceptable and of the grade that they claim. Toy manufacturing is tough
for youngsters to grasp. During playing with the items, they gnaw on them, toss them, separate
their parts, and so forth. As a corollary, it is the makers' obligation to avoid utilising harmful
chemicals as well as electronic wiring while manufacturing products for youngsters (Graham,
1995). The company should apply the necessary expertise to assure and enforce the harm that the
product might bring to its consumers, in this example, the youngsters who would utilise the item,
and to execute all safety precautions.
Question 2. In your opinion, do you think child labor in factories in developing countries is
ethical or not? Justify your discussion with two different ethical perspectives ( You may choose
any two 
moral theories)

The accompanying debate is about the main organisation Kiddo Toys' local subcontractors based
in Cambodia. The claim levelled against them in this respect is that the group employed
youngsters as labourers to operate in the manufacturing factory. So add to the previously existing
dilemma of child labour, the operating arrangements and hours placed on these children were an
additional aspect to the previously existing immoral working circumstances. Moral philosophies
can help to explain this. Furthermore, according to Immanuel Kant, a prominent German theorist
with a non-consequentialist perspective of ethics, the moral significance of an event might be
justified by its intrinsic characteristics rather than the effects. Furthermore, regardless of wether a
decent action is right or wrong is determined by the goodness with which it is conducted out,
with regard to a sense of duty and moral arguments, rather than merely the effects or factual
knowledge (Kant, 1949). Kant's ethics emphasises the universal appropriateness of acts in order
to justify them ethically. Kant's point of view argues that individuals are an end in and of
themselves, rather than a means to a goal. We must honor human reasoning and dignity.
According to this point of view, the adaptation of youngsters to work and the manufacturing
facility is immoral.
The principle of "Human rights" can be used to describe how employees are treated in order to
justify their actions. It implies that individuals have the capacity to be treated fairly and with the
esteem that they demand (Freeman, 2004). To that end, the Prima Facie Obligations imply that
persons have a right to learning, medical treatment, and employment prospects. It is undeniable
that obtaining a stable career that supports for yourself as well as your household is significantly
more challenging in emerging nations. In addition, the minors employed to work at the
manufacturing plant are beneath the authorized working age since they lack the skills and
experience necessary to be competent at the job.
Conclusion

To finish this argument, Kiddo Toys, the world-renowned toy maker company, was implicated of
unethical corporate practises by foreign vendors in China as well as Cambodia. To begin with,
the use of dangerous chemicals in the production of toy cars by Chinese subcontractors being
reported for in order to alleviate the health worries of the children's parents who'd already bought
them. Kiddo Toys must have undertaken sufficient efforts to guarantee that the product's grade
and requirements fulfil general safety and safeness criteria, since the product is intended for use
by youngsters and a reasonable level of due care is required. Furthermore, from the Cambodian
perspective, foreign reporters revealed the exploitation of youngsters at their production site, as
well as the unethical working circumstances, which degraded the brand reputation and exposed
several important human rights problems. Regardless of the actuality that developing countries
require economic upbringing as well as a high rate of pay per individual, it does not give Kiddo
Toys private contractors the authority to execute child labour in their place of work because it is
ethically wrong and elevates human rights apprehensions, ultimately allowing the child to live an
unfulfilled experiences as they are taking away their right to experience and avail their benefits.
This in the end will result in a nation with low educational benchmark, lowering the future
growth and prospect of the community and economy.
References