Globalization

Theories
Group 2
Globalization
 Globalization
Globalization refers to the international interaction
among people, companies, and governments of
different countries through the exchanging of ideas,
products, and cultural practices.
Homogeneity
Homogeneity

the quality or state of being of a similar kind or of having a

uniform structure or composition throughout : the quality or
state of being homogeneous
Homogeneity

Homogeneity is often link in cultural Imperialism

Homogeneity

Homogeneity is often link in cultural Imperialism

Philippines United States

United States
"Cultural Imperialism"
Homogeneity

"Cultural Imperialism"

Domination in cultural relationships in which the values,

practices, and meanings of a powerful foreign culture are
imposed upon one or more native cultures.
Homogeneity

in terms of economy there is a recognition of the spread of

neoliberalism, capitalism and market economy in the world
(Antonio 2007)

note: explain neoliberalism, capitalism and market economy

Example
Homogeneity

Global economic crisis are also product of homogeneity in

economic globalization.

Stiglitz (2002), for instance, blamed the international Monetary

fund (IMF) for its "one-size-fits-all" approach which treats every
country in the world as the same.

Rich become richer poor become poorer

Homogeneity

Barber (1995) said that "McWorld" is existing. It

McWorld -only one political orientation is growing in today's

societies

The spreading of McDonald's restaurants throughout the world

as the result of globalization.

Homogeneity

The global flow of media is often characterized as media

imperialism.TV, music, books and movies are percieved on
developing countries by the West (Cowen ,2002) .
Homogeneity

Media imperialism undermines the existence of

alternative global media originating from developing countries
such as the Al
Jazeera (Bielsa, 2008) and the Bollywood (Larkin, 2003), as well
as the influence
of the local and regional media.
Homogeneity

The internet can be seen as an arena for alternative media.

Global media are dominated by a small no. of large

corporations..
Homogeneity

As McChesney (1999) :“extended from old media

to new media.
Example: Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Apple’s
Itunes.
Homogeneity

Independent media center, associated with the alter-globalization

movement, helps to counter this trend. It disseminates information
to facilitate
global participation of activists.
Homogeneity

Hacktivists extend activism to the Internet by

hacking into computer programs to promote a particular cause
(Juris, 2005)
Homogeneity

Hacktivists extend activism to the Internet by

hacking into computer programs to promote a particular cause
(Juris, 2005)

Hack + Activism
=
Hactivist
Homogeneity

The hacktivist who does such acts, such as defacing an

organization’s website or leaking that organization’s information,
aims to send a message through their activities and gain visibility
for a cause they are promoting.
Homogeneity

Ritzer (2008) claimed that, in general, the contemporary world

is undergoing the process of McDonaldization.
McDonalization

It is the process by which Western societies are dominated by the

principles of fast food restaurants.

McDonaldization involves the global spread of rational systems, such

as efficiency, calculability, predictability and control.

Ritzer (2008) pointed out that this process is “extended to other

businesses, sectors, and geographic areas” (p. 169).
McDonalization
Efficiency

Do it quickly

Reduces human interaction between customer

and company
McDonalization
Predictability

Leave nothing to chance

Same experience in all location

Makes work routine and numbing mind

McDonalization
Calculativity

Do it according to plan
Emphasized quantity over quality
(Bigger is better)
Everything must be able to measure
Companies want you to realize how much you're
getting, not how good the items are
McDonalization
Control

Do it according to plan
Emphasized quantity over quality
(Bigger is better)
Everything must be able to measure
Companies want you to realize how much you're
getting, not how good the items are
Homogeneity

Globalization, in contrast to glocalization, is a process

wherein nations, corporations, etc. impose themselves
on geographic areas in order to gain profits, power,
and so on (Ryan,2007).
Homogeneity

Ritzer (2007) also espoused the idea that globalization

can also be seen as
a flow of “nothing” as opposed to “something”,
involving the spread of non-places,
non- things, non-people, and non-services.
Heterogeneity
Hetoregeneity

In the globalization debate the term “heterogeneity” is

generally used to describe a quality of cultural diversity,
mostly as antidote of the cultural convergence-thesis, which
proposes an increasing homogenization of culture through
globalization.
Hetoregeneity

Pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new

economies, and political groups
Hetoregeneity Cultural Hybridization

the process by which a cultural element blends into another

culture by
modifying the element to fit culture norms.

Hetoregeneity Cultural Hybridization

Hetoregeneity

Roland Robertson in 1992 coined the Glocalization

To him, as global forces interact with local factors or a specific

geographic area, the “glocal” is being produced.

Glocalization

Glocalization
the interpretation of the global and local, resulting in unique
outcomes in different geographic areas.

Globalization Localization

Glocalization
Heterogeneity

Barber (1995) provided the alternate of “McWorld” – the

“Jihad"

Ritzer (2008) mentioned that it refers to the political groups

that are engaged in an “intensification of
nationalism and that leads to greater political heterogeneity
throughout the world.

THANK
YOU!