ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE

2ND SEMESTER SY 2021-2022
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE

MODULE 4.1
MOTION, GRAVITY, AND ENERGY - 1

CONTENT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LAWS OF MOTION
III. ACTIVITY

INTRODUCTION

In the next two modules, we will be dealing with mo on, gravity, and energy. We will also see how these
concepts work in simple machines.

Aside from studying our topics, we will also use a slightly modified format of how we do and submit our
ac vi es for this quarter. Specific instruc ons will be given on the “Ac vity” sec on of our modules.

LAWS OF MOTION

Before we talk about the three laws of mo on, it is important for us to define the following concepts.

1. Mo on - “the ac on of changing loca on or posi on”1

2. Force - “push or pull upon an object resul ng from the object's interac on with another object”2
3. Speed - “distance traveled per unit of me”3
4. Velocity - “rate and direc on of mo on”4
5. Accelera on - change in velocity; which means that if there is change in speed or direc on, or
both, it deals with accelera on
6. Accelera on due to gravity - “ the accelera on for any object moving under the sole influence of
gravity”5

1
Elert, G. Mo on. The Physics Hypertextbook. h ps://physics.info/
2
The Meaning of Force. the Physics Classroom.
h ps://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-2/The-Meaning-of-Force
3
Jones, A.Z. (2020, Feb. 12). What Speed Actually Means in Physics. ThoughtCo.
h ps://www.thoughtco.com/speed-2699009
4
Jones, A.Z. (2019, Nov. 4). What Is Velocity in Physics? ThoughtCo.
h ps://www.thoughtco.com/velocity-defini on-in-physics-2699021
5
The Accelera on of Gravity. the Physics Classroom.
h ps://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-5/Accelera on-of-Gravity

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
2ND SEMESTER SY 2021-2022
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE

First law of mo on: A body remains at rest or moves with constant velocity in a straight line unless an
outside force acts upon it.6

Examples:

1. Pushing a car
● The car is at rest, then someone (outside force) pushes it which is why it moved.
2. Kicking a ball
● The ball is lying at rest on the ground and will remain lying on the ground unless it is
moved by an external force.

Second law of mo on: The accelera on of an object is directly propor onal to the force applied and
inversely propor onal to the mass.7

To understand this law be er, we must always remember two important concepts.

1. FASTER accelera on is achieved by having a GREATER force. This is what it means to say that the
accelera on of an object is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the force applied.
● Example: Two men who push a car with equal force will cause faster accelera on than if
only one man were pushing it.

2. The MORE mass an object possesses, the LESSER accelera on is achieved when applied with any
given force. This is what it means to say that the accelera on of an object is INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL to the mass.
● Example: If a man pushes a 800-kg vehicle and a 1,200-kg vehicle with EQUAL force, the
lighter vehicle (800-kg) will have greater accelera on than the heavier vehicle (1,200-kg).

Third law of mo on: For every ac on there is an equal and opposite reac on.8

Example

● As you sit in your chair, you exert a downward force (ac on) on the chair. The chair then exerts
an EQUAL but OPPOSITE upward force (reac on) to support your weight. If the chair were
unable to support you and exert EQUAL force, then you will fall on the ground

6
1116 Physical Science. ACE Inc. p. 6
7
1116 Physical Science. p. 7
8
1116 Physical Science, p. 8

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 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
2ND SEMESTER SY 2021-2022
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL SCIENCE

ACTIVITY
Name: Date:
Semester and subject: Grade and sec on:
Module number:

Answer the ques ons by choosing the best answer from the concepts in the table. (Some ques ons
have more than one possible answer.)

a. mo on b. force c. speed d. velocity e. accelera on f. accelera on

due to gravity

1. What concept is best demonstrated in an apple falling from a tree?

●
2. What concept is best demonstrated in a man who pushes a shopping cart?
●
3. What concept is best demonstrated in a ballet dancer performing?
●
4. What concept is best demonstrated in a car which slows down to make a right turn?
●
5. What concept is best demonstrated in a car which slows down?
●
6. What concept is best demonstrated in a car which speeds up?
●

Choose what law of mo on applies to each example.

7. A man moves his chair to the other side of the room.

●
8. A man crosses a bridge.
●
9. A man throws his pencil and pad with equal force. Since the pencil is lighter than the pad, the
pencil went farther than the pad.
●
10. Explain your answers in one sentence in items 7, 8, and 9.
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