What is reproduction?

Reproduction is the creation of a new individual or individuals from previously existing

individuals. In animals, this can occur in two primary ways: through asexual reproduction and
through
sexual reproduction.
What is reproduction?
Reproduction is the creation of a new individual or individuals from previously existing
individuals. In animals, this can occur in two primary ways: through asexual reproduction and
through
sexual reproduction.
 Learning Competency ……………….3
Guide Card………………………………4
Activity 1 (Show it to Me) …...……9
Activity 2 (What’s the word, That’s the word)
………………………………….10
Activity 3 (Fill Me Up) ……….11
Assessment Card……………...12
Enrichment 1……………….14
Enrichment 2…………...15
Reference Card………...16
Answer Key………17
What is reproduction?
Reproduction is the creation of a new individual or individuals from previously existing
individuals. In animals, this can occur in two primary ways: through asexual reproduction and
through sexual reproduction.

FIGURE 1

Figure 1: Shows how sexual and asexual reproduction produces offspring. In an ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION, a parent organism will not need a mate or partner for it to produce its own
offspring. The offspring of asexual organisms are an exact same copy of its parent organism. In
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, a male and female gamete is needed in order to produce an
offspring. In most instances, there is a male and female organism to produce the gametes but,
this isn’t always the case. Finding a partner for sexual animals can sometimes prove difficult,
and so, as an adaptive mechanism and evolutionary solution, some animals exhibit
hermaphroditism. This is when an organism has both male and female reproductive system. This
is common among sessile (stationary) animals. In hermaphroditism, the organism may or
may not have a partner for fertilization to occur. Unlike, an asexual offspring, a sexual
offspring is genetically unique from its parent organisms. Notice how there are two apparent
sexes in sexual organisms, while there is no definite sex in the asexual organism.

Types of asexual reproduction

1.Binary Fission– occurs in single celled organisms. It is when a parent cell divides itself
into two equal parts and creates an offspring. This type of reproduction is like cloning as shown
in figure 2. To easily remember and understand the reproduction process of binary fission it is
valuable to remember what the terms mean. The word binary means something having two parts
(the new daughter bacteria) while the word fission means the movement of splitting (the dividing
of two equal parts). Ex. Bacteria

Figure 2 Binary Fission in Bacteria

2.Fragmentation– occurs when an organism breaks a part of itself into a fragment, and the
fragment develops into a new organism as shown in figure 3. Ex. Starfish & acoel flatworms.

Figure 3 Starfish undergoing fragmentatio

3.Budding –happens when a parent organism grows a bud attached to its body. When the bud
is developed it will detach itself from the parent and form a new organism. Ex. Yeast and
Jellyfish
 Figure 4 Jellyfish

4.Parthenogenesis–occurs when the embryo of an organism can grow and develop without
fertilization. Example: Some species of ants & Honeybees.

Figure 5 Parthenogenesis in bees

Reproduction in Animals: Sexual Reproduction

In sexual reproduction, two individuals produce offspring that have genetic characteristics from
both parents. Sexual reproduction introduces new gene combinations in a population.
In animals, sexual reproduction encompasses the fusion of two distinct gametes to form a zygote.
Gametes are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. The gametes are haploid
(containing only
one set of chromosomes) while the zygote is diploid (containing two sets of chromosomes). In
most cases,
the male gamete, called the sperm, is relatively moving and usually has flagella. On the other
hand, the
female gamete, called the ovum, is not moving and relatively large in comparison to the male
gamete.

Reproduction in Animals: Sexual Reproduction

In sexual reproduction, two individuals produce offspring that have genetic
characteristics from both parents. Sexual reproduction introduces new gene combinations in a
population. In animals, sexual reproduction encompasses the fusion of two distinct gametes to
form a zygote. Gametes are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. The gametes are
haploid (containing only one set of chromosomes) while the zygote is diploid (containing two
sets of chromosomes). In most cases, the male gamete, called the sperm, is relatively moving
and usually has flagella. On the other hand, the female gamete, called the ovum, is not moving
and relatively large in comparison to the male gamete.
In human
The male gametes are sperms, they are made in the testes. During sexual intercourse,
semen containing sperms passes out to the penis and into a woman’s vagina.
The female gametes are eggs and are made in the ovaries. After sexual intercourse, sperm
swim through the cervix and uterus into the oviducts, where they may meet an egg. One sperm
may fertilize the egg to produce a zygote. The zygote travels to the uterus and implants into the
lining, growing into an embryo attached to the uterus wall via an umbilical cord and placenta.
The placenta brings the growing embryo’ blood very close to the mother’s blood, so that’s
nutrients and waist products can diffuse between them. The growing embryo is protected by
amniotic fluid produced by the amnion. After birth, a young mammal is fed on milk from its
mother. This provides it with exactly the correct balance of nutrients, as well as antibodies
which protect it from infectious diseases. An egg is releases from an ovary about one a month. If
it is not fertilized, the thick lining of the uterus breaks down, in menstruation.

Advantages and Disadvantages in Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Activity 1: Show it to Me
Directions: For each picture decide whether that organism reproduces asexually or sexually.
Place an A for asexual reproduction or an S for sexual reproduction next to each number in the
box.

_____1. Fish _____2. Kangaroo _____3. Starfish

_____4. Giraffe ____5. Amoeba _____6. Ostrich

_____7. Jellyfish _____8. Frog _____9. Paramecium

_____10. Corals

Activity 2:
What’s the word, That’s the word!
Direction: Make a word from the jumble letters. We have some clues for you to find the
hidden word easily

1. This organism breaks a part of itself to reproduce.

A T G E A F T N I R O M N

________________________________________________________________________

2. An organism that requires both a male and a female to reproduce.

X U S E A L

________________________________________________________________________

3. This organism’s embryo does not need fertilization to develop into an offspring.

E N A S N H O P T G E R I E S

________________________________________________________________________

4. This organism divides itself into two equal parts to reproduce.

A I N R Y B I S I S O F N

5. An organism that grows buds to reproduce.

D G B D U I N

Activity 3: Fill Me Up
Direction: Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast asexual reproduction from sexual
reproduction.
 ASEXUAL SEXUAL

Assessment Card: What’s Up

Direction: Multiple Choices: Read the sentences or questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. Cats and pigs undergo ______ reproduction.
a. Asexual
b. Sexual
c. Both a and b
 d. Neither a nor b
2.Which of the following animals undergo budding?
a. Aphids
b. Tapeworm
c. Sea star
d. Hydra
3. Humans are considered as ______.
a. Asexual
b. Sexual
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
4. What asexual reproduction is involved in starfish?
a. Budding
b. Binary Fission
c. Fragmentation
d. Parthenogenesis
5. Which of the following reproduction is a sexual type?
a. Budding
b. Binary fission
c. Hermaphroditism
d. Parthenogenesis
6. All of the following are undergo asexual reproduction EXCEPT ______.
a. Aphids
b. Frog
c. Hydra
d. Sea stars
7. What is the best description of sexual reproduction?
a. The combination of gametes.
b. A female’s egg develops into new organism without being fertilized by a sperm cell.
c. An offspring grows directly out of the body of the parent.
 d. All of the above
8. Which of the following statements is true about asexual reproduction?
a. new individuals are produced without the fusion of gametes.
b. new individuals involve the fusion of male and female gametes.
c. It is a mode of reproduction which occurs only in plants.
d. new individuals are produced by the fusion of dissimilar gametes.
9. The body of the parent breaks into distinct pieces, where each of which can produce an
offspring is known as ____.
a. Binary fission
b. Budding
c. Fragmentation
d. Spore formation
10. Parthenogenesis is where the egg cell develops without fertilization, which of the following
do not reproduce through parthenogenesis?
a. Bees
b. Lizards
c. Sponges
d. Wasps

Enrichment 1: Find Me!

Direction: Find the following words.in the crossword puzzle.
 ASEXUAL BINARYFISSION BUDDING
FRAGMENTATION MEIOSIS PARTHENOGENESIS
REPRODUCTION SEXUAL SPERM

Enrichment 2: Complete Me!

Direction: Complete the table below.

SEXUAL ASEXUAL
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
 Reference Card

https://studylib.net/doc/25620128/science11-q2-mod2-
animalreproduction

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/st-marys-college/
business-administration/earth-and-life-science-q2-week-3-
10/24858275
 Answer Key
Activity 1: Assessment Card:
1. S 6. S 1. B 6. B
2. S 7. A 2. D 7. A
3. A 8. S 3. B 8. A
4. S 9. A 4. C 9. C
5. A 10. A 5. C 10. B
Activity 2:
1. Fragmentation
2. Sexual
3. Parthenogenesis
4. Binary Fission
5. Budding
Activity 3: