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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Note: In some cases more than one correct answer is possible, or students have been asked to
write their answers in their own words. Some examples are supplied: they are not prescriptive.

Unit 1
4 a  The most noticeable eatures o the scenery are the volcano, the rocky terrain and ravines.
b  Tourists can spend their time on the beach, walking or sight-seeing.
  c  The temperature is sunny but mild, all year round.
  d  The economy relies on tourism and there is some ruit and lower export.
  e  There are archaeological sites, ancient buildings, wildlie centres and scenic villages.

5  largest Canary Island ; rocky landscape; climate; tourism; activities; sites; sight-seeing 

6  The Spanish island o Tenerie lies about 300 km off the West Arican coast, and is the largest,
most populous and most productive o the seven Canary Islands, [believed to be named afer the
erocious dogs (canaria) ound there by early explorers]. Santa Cruz is its capital, [and the shared
capital (with Las Palmas) o the whole archipelago.]

This rugged, rocky and steep island looks up to El Teide, the third largest volcano in the world [and the
highest point in Spain at 3718 metres.] Its ofen snow-covered peak gave the island its name, which
means ‘white mountain’. Ravines and valleys are another striking eature o the island’s terrain, [some
o them ormed by volcanic eruptions, our o which were recorded between 1704 and 1909.] The island
has 342 km o coastline and boasts nearly 70 km o beach, the ones on the northern coast consisting o
black sand rather than the lighter, iner sand o the south. The island has two distinct landscapes and
atmospheres: the lush, green north and the barren, developed south.

Tenerie is known as the ‘Island o Eternal Spring’; [since it is on the same latitude as the Sahara Desert,]
it enjoys a warm climate and plenty o sunshine all year round. However, the tradewinds create cloud
and cold sea currents, keeping the temperatures always moderate, [with an average o 13–18 °C in the
winter and 24–28 °C in the summer.]

  [The Canaries are one o the major tourist destinations in the world and] tourism is Tenerie’s main
industry, with about ive million visitors each year using one o its two airports. [There are two main
highways crossing the island, as well as dizzying narrow mountain roads in the north.] Tourists mainly
visit the south o the island, which is hotter and drier and has many resorts, [such as Playa de las
Americas and Los Cristianos. The only new hotels permitted to be built now must be o 5 star-quality to
promote environmentally-conscious development.]

  The area known as Costa Adeje has many world-class acilities and leisure activities to offer besides sea
and sand, [such as quality shopping centres, gol courses, restaurants, waterparks, animal parks, and
a theatre.] In February visitors can enjoy one o the world’s largest carnivals. The distinctive local craf
is Tenerie Lace [- the embroidery o stretched cloth or table linen - which visitors see being made.]
Wildlie attractions are the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, [opened in 2013], the botanical gardens [in
Puerto de la Cruz], and a butterly park [in Icod de los Vinos].

Agriculture contributes only 10% to the island’s economy [but it supports the landscape and the cultural
values o the island]. In the coastal areas tomatoes and bananas are cultivated, [and these are exported
to mainland Spain and the rest o Europe.] At lower and drier altitudes, potatoes, tobacco and maize
are the most common crops. Grapes are grown on steep north-acing slopes, and onions in the south.
Flowers are also produced or the export market. [The islands are important to Spain as ishing grounds.]

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 2

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

  The island has several archaeological sites, consisting mainly o the cave paintings [prevalent in the
south.] Also noteworthy are the buildings called Güímar Pyramids, [whose origin is uncertain,] and the
deensive castles [located in the village o San Andrés and elsewhere on the island.] There are many
other interesting historical buildings on the island, [such as the Convent o San Augustin and the
Church o San Marcos.] Other impressive but more modern structures are the Auditorio de Tenerie, [at
the entry port to the capital,] and the Torres de Santa Cruz, [a skyscraper 120 metres high.]

There are pretty hill towns to look around, and [rom one o them, Masca, one can set off on] the
amous hike down the gorge. This is ull o rich vegetation, large and colourul plants, and a range
o animal species. Garachico is a small, unspoilt ishing town [whose quiet streets are dotted with
bars, caés and gif shops,] and there are a some superb ish restaurants [down by the harbour.]
Sight-seeing in [the nearby smaller town o ] Icod de los Vinos must include [the island’s most prized
possession:] the Dragon Tree that [stands in a preserved garden and] is said to be approximately 1000
years old.

7 Cape Town
  With its majestic Table Mountain backdrop, Cape Town is one o the most beautiul cities in the world.
A harmonious blend o architectural styles relects the tastes o the past as well as today’s more
unctional requirements. Between the high-rise office blocks, Edwardian and Victorian buildings
have been meticulously preserved, and many outstanding examples o Cape Dutch architecture are
ound. Narrow, cobblestone streets and the strongly Islamic presence o the Bo-Kaap enhance the
cosmopolitan ambiance o the city. //

  Cape Town’s shopping options invite you to endlessly browse. Elegant malls such as the Victoria Whar
at the V & A Waterront, antique shops, craf markets, lea markets and art galleries abound. Specialist
boutiques offer an enticing array o unusual items not readily obtainable elsewhere. One o Cape
Town’s biggest tourist attractions, the Waterront, evokes images o the early activities o the harbour.
Much o its charm lies in the act that this busy commercial harbour is set in the midst o a huge
entertainment venue with pubs, restaurants, shops, craf markets, theatres and movies. //

  Table Mountain is undeniably the biggest tourist attraction in South Arica, drawing local
holidaymakers as well as tourists rom the our corners o the globe. The summit can be reached by
trails or cable-car, but mountaineers do it the hard way. On a clear day, the spectacular views rom the
summit (1,086 metres above sea level) stretch across the mountainous spine o the Cape Peninsula and
beyond Table Bay and Robben Island.//

  Robben Island, which lies about 11 kilometres north o Cape Town, has over the years become
synonymous with the anti-apartheid struggle in South Arica. It was here that activists such as Nelson
Mandela and Walter Sisulu, among many others, were imprisoned because o their opposition to
apartheid. The historical importance o Robben Island (meaning ‘Seal Island’) can be gauged by its
designation as a cultural heritage site. //

  Stretching away rom Table Bay Harbour, the Atlantic searont eatures virgin beaches along
undeveloped rontages to the north, and densely populated Sea Point to the south, leading on to the
Clifon, Camps Bay and Llandudno beauty spots, among others. The western coastline is characterised
by rocky outcrops and beautiul beaches. Major national and international windsuring competitions
are held at Bloubergstrand. Seal watching is an amusing diversion. Boat trips around the harbour and
along the coast are always popular.

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 3

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

8  The ive paragraphs relect the change o topic.

9  atmospheric centre; relaxing by the harbour; view rom Table mountain; Mandela’s island; coastal
activities

10  Cape Town has beautiul natural eatures o rock and sea and a range o leisure activities and pastimes
to suit everyone.

12  monumental: imposing, impressive

  hieroglyphic: symbols, signs
  incorporating: encompassing, including
  debris: rubble, litter
  devour : consume, swallow

13 a  cluster o mud buildings, gigantic quarry  (triple assonance, primitiveness o dwellings)

  b  rich paintings, complex inscriptions (colourulness and preciousness o decorations)
  c  rich golden brown o the lower sky spills onto the surace o the Nile , intense amber , glow (the
sustained image conveys the spread o a golden orange colour rom sky to water to land,
encompassing the whole landscape)

14/15 

barren, rubble-strewn desert wasteland  

in upper Egypt south o capital
Luxor station is tasteully monumental has elaborately decorated station
we drive along the river to ind our boat is on the Nile
on the West Bank opposite the city is on the east bank  

16 (a) Tenerie, the largest o the Canary islands, has a rocky landscape and moderate climate. It is a
tourist destination offering a range o leisure activities, interesting sites and oppportunities or
sight-seeing.
(b) The southern Egyptian city o Luxor, situated on the east bank o the Nile, is surrounded by desert.
It has an impressively grand station.

19  Robinson Crusoe is stranded on what he calls the Island o Despair in autumn 1659, afer his ship sank
in a storm and he managed to swim ashore as the only survivor.

20  Robinson Crusoe needs shelter, tools and a means o light, and he aces the difficulties o protecting
himsel rom wild animals and natives, and o inding enough ood to survive. His is araid o being
attacked, and is disappointed by his efforts to hunt goats, and by how much work is involved in
building a strong barricade around his shelter.

21  (Example answer)

  He may: run out o ood; be attacked by something or someone; lose his dog; become weak/ill and
unable to work; become lonely/despairing.

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 4

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Unit 2
3 a  To give guidance to readers about suitable books or them to read.
  b  Specialist book reviewers employed by the newspaper to inorm the readership o the latest books
which have been published.
c  People who enjoy books read the reviews to learn which ones might suit them.
d  The newspaper beneits by retaining readers in providing this service; readers beneit by knowing
which books they wish to acquire; publishers beneit in having their latest publications publicised
and, hopeully, recommended to increase sales; writers beneit rom the royalties on the sales.
e  Someone who enjoys historical non-iction accounts o dramatic and dangerous expeditions.

4  (Example answer)
This book tells the dramatic story o the disastrous voyage o the Karluk, the unsuitable ship which led
the oolhardy expedition to the Arctic in June 1913, with its naive passengers and captain Bob Bartlett.
Chie o the scientists on board was the anthropologist Vilhjalmur Steansson, who was delusionally
convinced that he would discover a lost continent beneath the ice and became world amous.

When the ship predictably becomes trapped in the Alaskan ice ields with the coming o winter, the
ears and tensions mount as the passengers realise they are doomed and the conlict deepens between
the uncaring and treacherous Steansson and the dedicated ship’s captain.

There are horriic descriptions o the atmosphere on board the tiny stricken vessel, and o their inal
attempts to escape across the deadly ice when hunger and disaster orced them to abandon ship and
try to reach land and saety.

Event Time

 Jeanette crushed 1881

Scott dies in South Pole 1912
Shackleton dies on board the Quest 1922
 Amundsen dies in Arctic air crash Some years later 
Karluk sets out rom Canada June 1913
Karluk trapped in ice in north pole Winter 1913
Steansson leaves ship A ew weeks later  
Karluk crushed Jan 10th 1914
Captain ound 13 lost crew in Siberia Later  
Steansson discovered new Arctic islands and was awarded medal Later 

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 5

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

7  •   tense: present/present perect/past simple

  •   register: generally ormal
  •   vocabulary level: mixture o colloquial and sophisticated
  •   sentence length/type: short; simple/compound
  •   content: acts and eelings

8  (Example answer)
  November 3rd 1913
  The inevitable has happened. The sea has begun to reeze and is closing in on the ship. It will not be
able to withstand the pressure in the end. It is not the kind o ship, being only a wooden whaler too old
and small or the job, that we should ever have set out in or this expedition, but Steansson did not
listen to my advice on this matter, as indeed he does not on any matter. My proessional expertise and
experience being completely disregarded by him. The man is a megalomaniac consumed by a antasy.
There is no lost continent beneath the ice. How I wish we had never lef our homes in British Columbia
on such a wild goose chase.

December 5th 1913

  We are now in a perilous situation, running out o supplies. The moral o the crew and passengers is
very low. Everyone eels that we are doomed. This unorgiving place at the end o the earth has claimed
so many brave lives already, so we are unlikely to survive. The day is spent in the library, gloomily
reading through accounts o previously ailed expeditions to this cruel region. We are having great
difficulty in keeping warm. Steansson has become even more impossible, arguing aggressively with
me whenever I make a suggestion and treating us all with contempt, as i he does not care at all about
the terrible danger he has brought us into. He insists we shall stay on board the ship and wait or the
spring thaw to continue our voyage.

  January 10th 1914

  Steansson has gone. He lost his nerve. The supplies have run out and he went with a dog sledge and a
ew men to try to ind or hunt or ood. It is no surprise that he has not returned. This morning what we
had been earing and waiting or happened: with a terrible groaning and shuddering o the Karluk , the
ice broke through the hull and we are being slowly crushed, just like the Endurance and the Jeanette.
We must all leave now, and hope that ate will be kind to us. We cannot wait 140 days to die o cold and
starvation. My concern is only or my crew, whom I eel responsible or leading into this horrible place.
I must try to make amends by making whatever sacriices are necessary to try to preserve their lives,
to make up or Steansson’s treachery. I will go to the ends o the earth to ind them. I do not eel that
Steansson deserves a good end.

11  Similarities: the temperature and the ice were the enemies; a decision had to be taken; the motivation
is to achieve ame; the main characters changed their minds; the main characters seemed egotistical;
both were controversial igures.

  Differences: the sea and the mountain are different natural challenges; the crew o the Karluk were
inexperienced innocent victims; Hargreaves achieved her goal, but Steansson did not; Hargreaves
perished but Steansson lived and continued to explore; one was a man and one a woman with amily;
she was charming and likeable and he was charmless and disliked.

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 6

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

12 a  (Example answer)
  garrulous, sometimes extrovert, sometimes introvert, emotional, selish, driven,
inconsistent, indecisive, affable, insecure, determined, brave, oolish, tormented, irresponsible,
ambitious
  b  Contractions, colloquialisms, simple and compound sentences, questions and exclamations,
everyday vocabulary, long paragraphs.

13  (Example answer)

  Dear Mum and Dad
  I know you are anxiously waiting to hear what is happening here at K2 base camp and what I have
decided to do. It was deeply disappointing to have trained or so long and come so ar to discover that
the conditions here are not suitable to make the attempt to get to the summit. I have waited six weeks
or the rain, wind and cloud to disappear, and ailed twice already to get to the top. But there must be
a break in the weather soon, and you will no doubt think I’m crazy, but I have decided to stay another
week, in the hope that the weather will clear, and I can give it another try. Third time lucky! I really need
to prove to mysel that I can do this, and I may not get another chance. I have thought very long and
hard about this, but I just can’t bear to give up now, when I am so close to achieving my lie’s ambition.
I am giving this letter to Celsi, who is now leaving. Celsi has been such a good comrade and I am sorry
to see him go. I was intending to leave with him, and I packed my things last night, but when I woke up
this morning, the decision I made last night elt wrong.

Please try to understand, and to help Tom and Kate to understand too. I miss them so much and hal
o me desperately wants to come home to them. And to you. But I also want them to be proud o their
mother, and or all women to realise what is possible and see me as an inspiration. I live to climb, and I
know I can do this. I must not be deeated by my own weakness; I must pursue my dream, whatever the
outcome.

My love to you all,

  Alison

15  (Example answer)

  Hello everyone

  I’m here to tell you about an exciting programme o outdoor pursuits which gives you opportunities to
stretch yoursel physically, to acquire leadership skills, and to have amazing adventures. It will also give
you a oundation o practical skills and a set o riends or the rest o your lie.

It’s called the International Award and has three levels, bronze, silver and gold, depending on your
age. All o them are character-building and involve helping in the community, taking part in physical
activities, and going on expeditions.

 You’ll meet lots o people o your age rom many different backgrounds and join them in challenging
and rewarding activities. Not only will you enjoy yoursel doing things like playing sport and camping,
but you will get a sense o conidence, satisaction and reward rom being in the programme, and
you’ll end up with something valuable to put on your CV to impress uture educational institutions and
employers. Everybody likes a team player!

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 7

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

18  (Examples)
  •   imperative verbs: take us up on our offer ; witness complete peace, sit out..., relive...., walk along... 
transer... .
  •   questions: Dare you try it? 
  •   exclamations: The most exciting experience you’ll ever have! ...unexpected surprises or the unwary!
...so you need to be it! ...conquering the mighty Zambezi River!
  •   clichés: breathtakingly beautiul, unexpected surprises, plenty o opportunity , relive the memories
  •   short/non-sentences: Something to suit everyone; A chance or you to explore....;
  •   epetition: dramatic, pristine
  •   superlatives and intensiiers: The most , the irst , the best , at the oreront , very , really , directly ,
exclusively .
  •   personal pronouns you, we and our : take us up on our offer ; your day’s rafing
  •   evocative/emotive adjectives: amazing, clear , intrepid , dramatic, successul, amous, scenic,
 glittering velvet  
•   alliterative phrases: breathtakingly beautiul; watch the wildlie; peace and privacy  
•   rhyme: splash and dash; beaches o the Zambezi ; amazing day ; complete peace
  •   statistics: throughout

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 8

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Unit 3
2 a  Descriptive writing must be based on the truth – alse.
  b  You need a wide vocabulary to be good at descriptions – true.
  c  It is difficult to make descriptive writing interesting – true.
  d  Descriptive writing is the easier choice – alse
  e  You should use only the sense o sight when describing something – alse.
     Descriptive writing doesn’t have a structure – alse.
  g  You don’t need to write in ull sentences or description – alse
  h  Descriptions are ofen written in the present tense – true.

3  (Example answers)
  •   loneliness: grey, chilly, empty, blank
  •   decay: dark green, rusty, moldy, damp, smelly
•   celebration: gold, bright, glittering, loud, joyous, vibrant, lively
  •   tranquillity: white, soothing, serene, gentle, relaxing
  •   ear: black, suffocating, terriying, petriying, palpitating
  •   love: red, warm, embracing, glowing, reassuring, cosy

5  (Example answers)
  a  The students had a stimulating/beneicial productive/enoyable day out.
b  The weather yesterday was cataclysmic/stormy/windy/oggy/reezing.
  c  I think your new dress is very attractive/becoming/well-designed/lattering.
  d  The ilm I saw last night was disappointing/unwatchable/boring/incomprehensible.
  e  What a stupendous, breathtaking, magniicent, astounding view!

6  (Example answers)
  a  They circumspectly navigated round the dilapidated rambling house on the overgrown, shady
corner o the littered, ill-maintained street
  b  The melancholy, serious-looking girl with the oversized, stripy cat in the symmetrically-designed
sloping garden precipitately led.
c  The mud-covered, neglected-looking car in the unsupervised, poorly-lit car park by the polluted,
swollen river spontaneously ignited.
d  They ecstatically relished the unorgettable estive meal in the well-known ashionable restaurant
in the bustling, atmospheric city centre.
  e  The well-behaved, respectably dressed students in the extensive, newly opened school in the
tranquil, tree-lined suburb were chanting hypnotically.

7  (Examples)
  dawdle, saunter, strut, swagger, tiptoe, slink, crawl, creep, stride, skip, stumble, march, stroll, plod,
hobble, lounce, glide, sneak, lumber, prance, trudge, amble, toddle, race, traipse, slog, waddle, mince.
There are many more.

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 9

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

9 a  the underlined phrases (the ship’s great black side; raging, rothing and boiling; rightened and
incredulous and ignorant; dangerous wild animals; terriied, out o control, berserk; dumbstruck
and amazed) are multiple adjectival phrases. They are strong and evocative o ear and turmoil.
b  the italicised phrases (a thrilling show; an earthquake o the senses; like a riotous crowd ; a s
unbelievable as the moon catching ire; the monstrous metallic burp)
are images, both similes and metaphors. They convey the abnormal and sensational.
  c  the words in bold (orchestrate, hotooted, nailed, exploded, crafed, thundered) are verb orms
with a igurative meaning. With the exception o crafed, they are strongly physical and suggestive
o noise and pain.
d  The narrator starts off naively rather enjoying the spectacle, then starts to be alarmed, but not
unduly, by the angle o the ship. The narrator then eels cold and wants to leave; the noises begin.
Incredulity and panic begin, and the action o the rising water. The narrator experiences real ear
and realises the ship is sinking. Things move aster and chaos ensues, conveyed by the questions.
The animals are loose and increase the level o noise, movement and surrealism.
e  An effective atmosphere o ear is created by a combination o darkness, shrieking, rising water and
the sinking ship. This is compounded or the narrator by his being cut off rom his amily and eeling
o isolation. He seems to be alone with the crazed zoo animals.

13 a  The adjectives used are mainly o size, shape and colour, but also include the other senses o
sound, smell and texture (and taste, in the  strawberry-pink  o the title), creating a vibrant and
complete atmosphere.
  b  Compound adjectives have a double value in description, conveying two ideas with one word in a
condensed way. Subtleties o colour can be conveyed in compounds.
  c  Sound effects are created by the descriptive vocabulary ( soothing whisper , murmur o insects)
and by assonance (wound laboriously round ; shaggy tangle; low growth). They give the description
a poetic, lyrical quality.
  d  The adverbs are used or personiication: laboriously , sorrowully , expectantly . They add an
animation to the garden, along with the other human reerences to  pink-aced , ballerina, parents,
run wild , quivered  and whisper and murmur .
e  The passage ocus moves outwards, rom the villa to the garden to the hedge to the narrator’s
amily standing at the gate. This gives structure and parallels the way the eye o the observer moves
rom a distant to a closer perspective. The repeated words are leaves and lowers, making a rich
loral picture.

22  The irst sentence gives the immediate necessary inormation: the subject is the villa, we are told
its size, shape and colour, and an evocative personiied image is used to convey character. The last
sentence switches rom the observed to the observers: their reaction is given to what they are looking
at, and strong eeling has been created. The inal sentence is highly emotive (despite or because o
being a cliché) and a bond between person and place has been established, with all the more impact
because the utterance is so short and absolute.
23 a  It was the summer o 1996 and there had been a heatwave in Brasilia or over a week. (opening)
  b  As ar as I’m concerned, the uture is not something to look orward to. (ending)
  c  The impression will stay in my mind or the rest o my lie. (ending)
  d  The trip to Arica was all my grandmother’s idea. (opening)
  e  I hadn’t really noticed the garden beore the afernoon when my ball went over the wall. (opening)

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Unit 4
2 a  A whizz kid  is someone clever whose career progresses rapidly; they achieve success at a young age
through being ambitious, decisive and efficient. The onomatopoeic word whizz  represents a very
ast movement creating a rush o air and a sound effect.
b

evolved developed gradually

potential possibilities
entrepreneurialism ability to see commercial opportunities
volatile unstable
undamentals basic requirements, essentials

innovative original
consumers purchasers o products
executive administrative

3 Tom Hadield: international business award holder, irst website at 12, learnt to use computers at 2,
worked with ather initially, graduate o Harvard, conident in his business instincts.

Soccernet: irst venture, began as a hobby, provides ootball match scores, sold in 1999 or
$40 million
Schoolsnet: personal interest arising rom own experience, inormative resource or college
applications, provides widest range o revision guides
AeroDesignsInc: ounded in 2009, Hadield is the CEO, original product, promotes healthy
nutritional systems

7  a  (Example answers)
Making up your mind; How to make that choice; Considering college; Making the next move;
Approaching Uni
  b i  You need to ask about the university’s record in catering or and dealing with overseas students
and their problems, and how many students there are rom your country and other countries.
  ii  The actors to be budgeted or are not only the basic necessities o ood, accommodation and
bills, but also books and equipment, clothes and entertainment, as well as the cost o travelling
to and rom college and home to your own country.
iii  Questions to ask are about work experience opportunities, employment percentage or graduates,
the reputation o the degree course, and the university’s league table position in yoursubject.
Other issues concern staff qualiications and achievements, and the amount o teaching they do.
  iv  It is important to consider whether the town is riendly and attractive, whether it has a railway
station and a range o shops. The cultural opportunities available should also be taken into
account.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Do:
have an idea which subject you want to study; know
which universities have the best reputation or your
subject; ask the university representative about
living costs; ind out which universities specialise
in your subject; contact anyone who has personal
experience; consider the social aspects o the place
Don’t:
assume all degree courses cost the same; assume
all cities are equally expensive to live in; limit
yoursel to only one possibility; make your
application decision quickly; accept the irst offer
made to you

9 a & b (Example answer)
  I was born close to the Qinling mountains, where our project is working to conserve giant pandas and
their habitat. [1] Qinling is called the biological gene bank o China, with a large number o rare plants
and animals, including the giant panda, crested ibis, takin, snub nosed golden monkey, and many
more. [2]

  I had a wonderul childhood, living close to nature and having un and adventures in the woods. [3]
Those memories and experiences are important to my own philosophy o lie. [4] I believe man has to
respect nature, to live in harmony with it. [5]

  Now I’m lucky enough to work or WWF to help giant panda conservation in Qinling. [6] The giant panda
is not only the well-known icon o WWF and international conservation, it’s also an umbrella species. [7]
So by saving the orests or pandas, we also save other plants and animals. [8]

A trip to a remote ield site can last three or more days, depending on the distance and conditions.
[9] In the ield, we visit project sites, doing interviews, giving presentations, conducting surveys,
organising discussions, taking photos and gathering news. [10] In the office, I spend my time organising
communication and awareness events and activities, collecting and editing news inormation, and
preparing press statements and magazine articles. [11]

  The panda is a very special animal and it’s an honour or me to work or it, and to see the difference
that the support rom panda adopters is making. [12] Although the Chinese government and the public
are aware o the need or conservation, there’s still much more to be done. [13]

11  a  The old woman’s working lie consists o continual walking, carrying and cooking; she is the sole
carer o the house, 6 grandchildren, a goat and the crops; she has to make enough money or
them to survive and has little time to rest or sleep.
b  The distances are long; she is the only adult; she has many responsibilities; she is sixty years old;
she is worn out
  c & d  (Example answer) 
We have sympathy or her because her physical tasks are arduous, especially
or a woman her age, and she is very tired and anxious. Pathos is created by at night she thinks
o Tomorrow, and the list o tasks in the second verse, ending with an ellipsis, which shows
how unending her labours are. We are sorry or the act that she walks so ar each day that she
had developed a limp.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

  e  The poet presents the old woman as being selless and suffering, and gives the impression that
she admires her by the way that she details so many different tasks and tells us that she has no
one to help her. The poem structure indicates a progressively worsening situation or the old
woman (she sings, then ails to sleep, then limps) which leaves the reader thinking that the next
stage will be even worse, when she is no longer able to walk and work. The irst and last lines o
each verse implicate the reader and show the poet’s concern or and understanding o her
plight. The act that she has no name and is just a generic old woman suggests that she
represents all elderly Arican women, and that their lives have always been, and may always be,
this harsh.

13 a  rolicking: playing [present participle]

  plied: crossed [past simple]
  annals: logs, records [plural noun]
  poignant: moving [adjective]
  squalid: dirty [adjective]
  ravaged: devastated, damaged [past participle]
  mutilated: maimed, disigured [past participle]
  virulent: powerul, pernicious, malignant, toxic [adjective]
  afflicted: sufferers, diseased, victims [person noun]
  emulated: imitated, strove to equal [past simple]
  c  are a testament to: give witness to; give proo o; are official conirmation o 
  a legend among: well-known and admired
  inspirational hub: the source o stimulating ideas
  on the offensive: making attacks
  live in a bubble: are cut off rom the world, live in an isolated community

14  The occupants o the ship, which number 450, consist o an international crew and doctors, along with
their amilies – including 50 children – and the patients who are operated on and cared or on the ship.
Additional paying volunteers work as nurses, mechanics and teachers, some o whom live in Freetown,
the nearest port.

The difficulties they ace are caused by the squalor o the living conditions in Freetown, the terrible
injuries inlicted by the war in Sierra Leone, and the threat o malaria. There is a huge demand or
medical care on the ship and not every case rom the surrounding trading posts can be accommodated.
Being conined to the ship makes it difficult or the children to ind things to do and the turn-over o
occupants makes long-lasting riendships impossible.

15 a  creaks and blisters: the verbs o noise and appearance give the ship a run-down, ailing character
b   plunging headlong: is a reckless and dramatic movement to escape the sun
  c   gleaming vessel: the ship is compared to a jewel relecting the light, in contrast to the dark grime o
the shanty town, symbolising the hope it represents to the natives on shore.
  d  no house, no car , no lie savings and no pension: the quadruple negative stresses how much Parker
has sacriiced to work on the Mercy – all the things a person normally acquires during their working
lie – and thereore how unusual and selless he is.
e  ‘Can you imagine.....Can you imagine.........Can you imagine...’: this triple structure is a rhetorical
device to insist that the reader appreciates how dire the state o the local hospital is and how
different rom what one would expect o a hospital.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

16 a  The Plaza de Mayo to the Teatro Colon: at the northern end o the Plaza take the ifh ork and
proceed until you reach the Obelisk; turn into Cerrito on the opposite side o the roundabout and
you will ind the theatre on the lef-hand side three blocks along.
b  The Congress Building to the Plaza San Martin: head south along Avenue de Mayo until you reach
the Cabildo. Go along the road parallel to Florida (which is closed to cars) or 11 blocks, and you will
arrive in the Plaza.
c  The Obelisk to the Parque Colon: drive along Avenue Corrientes to the end, almost as ar as the port,
then turn right at the T-junction into Eduardo Madera; the park starts immediately on the right and
covers our blocks.
d  Cae Tortoni to Montevideo St: head north on the street the cae is on until or nine blocks. You will
cross 9th July Avenue in the centre. You will know you are on Montevideo St when you see the Plaza
de Congresso on your lef.
e  The Shopping Hall to the port: take either Avenue Cordoba or Avenue Viamonte southwards until
you have to turn onto Eduardo Madera. A right turn brings you to a road on the lef, which crosses
into the port area.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Unit 5
2  hubbub: loud commotion, din
  smirking: smiling smugly,sel-satisiedly
  ranks: rows
writhing: squirming, wriggling
  hollowly: making a hollow sound;
  tittered: giggled, sniggered
  immersed: submerged, absorbed, engrossed, engaged
  subdued: dispirited, muted
  crimsoned: lushed, blushed, turned red
   jeering: mocking, taunting
  ignominious: humiliating, shameul
  altering: hesitant, wavering
  pert: cheeky, jaunty
  deerred: submitted
  oblivious: unaware, unconscious, unheeding
  squadron: a unit o soldiers, tanks or aircraf
  bewildered: beuddled, conused, puzzled
  disembarked: got out o or down rom, emerged rom
  malevolent: malicious, malign, spiteul
  bondage: enslavement, servitude

b   staring; tittered ; smirking; their accusation; watching her ; hostile; ready to jeer ; A grin went over the

aces o the class; hated ; resented 
  c  as i she were in torture over a ire o aces; she was naked to them; uncertain; suffering; exposed to the
children; The children were her masters; She deerred to them; this inhuman number o children; she
was always at bay ; she must suffocate; They were a squadron; they were a collective, inhuman thing

3  (Example answers)
  a and b thundered/roared : conveys the loudness o voice and bad temper o Mr Harby and the ear
he evokes; Ursula’s heart hardened : shows how much she was eeling and suffering; rapid iring o
questions: adds to the sustained metaphor o battle and acing an army, and makes Ursula seem like
an unarmed victim o a shooting; in torture over a ire o aces: she eels she is being roasted alive by the
aces resembling lames; she was naked to them: she eels she cannot hide rom the revealing gaze o
the children; hands shot up like blades: the raised arms seem to threaten Ursula like knives in combat;
Like a machine: the other teacher asks questions monotonously and continuously, in a mechanical,
inhuman way which is the opposite o Ursula’s altering delivery; always at bay : like a trapped animal
about to be devoured by a pack o hounds; she must suffocate: she eels surrounded and deprived o
air; They were a squadron: the large group o children are like enemy soldiers drawn up in ranks and
acing her in battle; everything was as in hell: she eels as though she has become trapped in some dark,
noisy underworld o torture and punishment; like some bondage: she dreads going back to class or the
afernoon session as it eels to her like being in prison.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

c  The words smirking, jeer , grin, block , inhuman, torture and horrible are repeated, most o them more
than once; these words are key to the eeling o being humiliated by a group o schoolchildren and
how she elt they were aligned en masse against her as a joint oe rather than as individual pupils. Her
imprisonment is represented by the repeated actions described, rom which there is no escape during
the long unpleasant day at the school.

4  (Example answer)
  Dear Mr Harby

  My child has told me about the new class teacher o Standard 5, and I am writing to tell you that I am
not satisied that she was an appropriate appointment to the post. My son/daughter has told me that
the new teacher is very young, lacks disciplinary skills, and is not sufficiently experienced or assertive
to be able to control a class o more than 50 pupils. She apparently behaves as i she is araid o the
children, and is clearly not suited to the job o teacher. She seems to suffer embarrassment in the
classroom and gives the impression that she would rather be anywhere else.

According to what I have heard rom other parents o children in the same class, she does not have a
satisactory relationship with her colleagues and does not share their teaching methods. She winces
when the voices o the two male teachers come through the classroom wall and reuses to use her voice
in the same way to drill the pupils mechanically. Mental arithmetic is a matter o constant practice and
the questions must be delivered in a quick and conident way. Since you humiliated her on her irst day
by criticising her way o leading her charges into the assembly hall, you presumably agree that she is
not a it person or the job.

I she is not replaced as soon as possible with someone who is suited to the job and willing to impose
their will on the pupils, the children will continue to mock her and dominate her, with the result
that nothing will be learnt. Furthermore, the teacher might lash out at a child or suffer some kind o
breakdown which will leave our children without a teacher.

 Yours sincerely,

6  c Eight Swiss potholers trapped in a cave in eastern France by rising water were ound alive yesterday.
c  Rescue teams were preparing to work through the night to bring them to the surace.
  c  Known as Bie-du-Paraud, the cave, which runs or 380 metres but only about 6 metres below the
surace, is normally considered a beginner-level site or potholers.
  c  The expedition had been part o a project or the students to develop their ability to ace challenges.
  c  Inexperienced, poorly equipped and with one o the group being partially blind, the students were
initially given little chance o survival.
  c  The potholers had entered the long narrow cave on Wednesday despite warnings rom local people
to stay away because rain in recent weeks had made the area dangerous.
  d  Hope or the survival o the three women and ive men – students and a teacher in their twenties
– had been ading when they were ound beore midday by a diver who swam through a narrow
passage to reach a chimney where they had taken reuge.
  c  The diver discovered them crouched in the corridor above the water level 70 metres into the cave at
Goumois in the Doubs département, 50 kilometres rom the Swiss border. They had been trapped
there or nearly 40 hours by sudden looding on Wednesday.
  d  Distraught relatives who had gathered at the site gave a cheer when news o their discovery was
announced.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

  b  The group is expected to be brought out through a hole being drilled into the chimney where they
had taken reuge.
     Rescuers are pumping water rom the cave to avert lood danger rom heavy rains over the past
24 hours. Two divers, one o whom is a doctor, will spend the night with the students.
e  ‘The group took reuge in a dry spot in a chimney,’ Eric Zipper, technical adviser to the Upper Rhine
cave rescue service, said. ‘They are in good shape considering their ordeal. They are hungry and a
little weak. They have very little ood lef, but they are in good spirits. There was no panic. They had
a little light because they had rationed their batteries.’
  e  Local potholing experts described the expedition as oolhardy, given the dangerous prevailing
conditions. ‘They were equipped only with walking shoes, jeans and anoraks,’ M. Zipper said.
  a  Markus Braendle, director o the Social Workers College o Zurich, where most o the students come
rom, said: ‘I am so happy this nightmare is over.’
  b  The French authorities are expected to start a legal inquiry into the conduct o the group’s leader, a
normal practice in such incidents.

7  See second Task Tip on page 45 o Coursebook.

8  a  17 aliens held : 17 immigrants are in custody.

  b   500-year-old child ound : The body o a child who died 500 years ago has been discovered.
  c  Squad helps dog bite victim: An army unit gave aid to someone bitten by a dog.
  d  Miners reuse to work afer death: A group o miners has reused to continue work underground
ollowing the death o a colleague.
  e  Wage rise bid deies ban: A claim or higher wages has been made, despite such claims being orbidden.

10  Robert, who has gained ame – and notoriety – or scaling some o the world’s tallest skyscrapers
without permission, climbed the 627-oot-tall TotalFinaEl building in Paris beore being apprehended
by the city police. [2]

  Robert says he intends to continue his career o conquering the world’s highest office blocks, using no
climbing equipment except or a small bag o chalk and a pair o climbing shoes. [16]

  Daredevil French climber and urban sherpa Alain Robert added one o France’s tallest office towers to
his tally on Tuesday beore scaling back down into the arms o the waiting police. [1]

  The crowd which gathered to watch the man, who is sometimes called the French Daddy-long-legs or
the Human Spider, may have unwittingly tipped off police to what was going on. [5]

  Although Robert has courted arrest several times in the course o his urban climbing career, the French
police are known to be a lot more sympathetic towards the local Spiderman than police in many other
parts o the world. [7]

  ‘It was a little more difficult than I’d expected because o the wind, because o the sun,’ Robert told
Reuters afer his vertiginous conquest. ‘Sometimes it was a bit slippery,’ he said, adding that the
windows had just been washed. [6]

  Using his bare hands and dispensing with saety lines, Robert took about 90 minutes to reach the top o
the headquarters o the oil corporation TotalFinaEl in the city’s crowded La Déense business district. [3]

  Robert was apprehended on Tuesday, but not charged. According to local media reports, the police
even offered him orange juice. [8]

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

  The law has not always been so good to Robert. In March, Chinese authorities reused him permission
to climb the 88-storey Jinmau building in Shanghai, China’s then-tallest building, He did so, once again
wearing a Spider-Man costume , and was later arrested and jailed or ive days, beore being expelled
rom China. [9]

  In November last year, Singapore’s police arrested Robert or attempting to scale the 920-oot Overseas
Union Bank tower. And in April 1998, Parisian police arrested the stuntman afer he climbed up the
Egyptian obelisk in the Place de la Concorde and cheekily made a call on his cell phone rom the top. [10]

  A mountaineer by training, Robert’s irst urban eat took place in his hometown o Valence, when the
then-12-year-old scampered up to enter his amily’s eighth-loor apartment afer losing his keys. [14]

  He was, however, given permission to climb the 200-metre high National Bank o Abu Dhabi, UAE,
watched by about 100,000 spectators. [11]

  Now aged 50, his conquests have included the Sydney Opera House, the Sears Towers, the Empire State
building, the Eiffel Tower and what was then the world’s highest skyscraper, the Petronas Twin Towers
in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where he was arrested or criminal trespass on the 60th loor. [15]

  Afer climbing the New York Times Building in New York City on 5 June 2008, he unurled a banner with
a slogan about global warming that read ‘Global warming kills more people than 9/11 every week.’ [13]

  On 28 March 2011, Robert climbed the tallest building in the world, the 828-metre Burj Khalia tower in
Dubai, taking just over six hours to complete the climb. [12]

  However, he used a harness in accordance with saety procedure. [4]

11  notoriety: inamy, disrepute

  apprehended: caught, arrested
  conquering: overcoming, vanquishing
  tally: score, total
  unwittingly: unknowingly, unintentionally
  tipped off : inormed, warned
  courted: invited, encouraged
  vertiginous: dizzying
  dispensing with: doing/going without
  charged: accused

15  explained, inormed, clariied, claimed, insisted, divulged, stated, told, speciied, described registered,
reported, uttered, exlaimed, announced, intimated, responded, replied, answered

16  Two (a) middle-aged, disguised robbers ailed in their (b) ill-considered, bungling attempt to stage a (c)
large-haul, daylight robbery at a (d) previously targeted central bank on Tuesday. Wearing (e) home-
made, comic carnival-type masks and waving () genuine stolen pistols, they threatened (g) rightened,
compliant bank staff. Tellers handed over money, but one (h) oolish, clumsy robber dropped the (i)
specially reinorced, black canvas bag. Cursing, he tore off the mask when he could not see where it
was, in ull view o the ( j) live, internal-security camera. (k) Amused, relieved staff watched the (l) quick-
response, armed police burst into the bank and escort the robbers away.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Unit 6
2 a (Example answers)
  terriying sight ; vast boiling cloud, black and sulphurous yellow; ochre red at the edges; air utterly still; 
writhing cloud approaching silently and swifly ; no birds to be seen or heard 

13 a  Someone searching or inormation on the internet, possibly or a school project or piece o
research. The title is the kind o question one puts into a search engine.
b  This account is completely dispassionate, i.e. the writer’s views are not known and no emotion is
conveyed, whereas the accounts in Activities 5, 7 and 9 capture the eelings or opinions o the
writers. The passages are about real experiences, but those in 5, 7 and 9 are subjective and this
one is objective in viewpoint and style. The passage in Activity 5 relies on adjectives to describe
the terriying nature o the storm, and the syntax and sentence structures are designed to create
tension.
c  Structure and length o most o the sentences: mainly short and simple. (Brackets are used to
include extra inormation.)
  How the sentences begin: with the subject o the sentence (noun) or a time adverbial.
  Use o lists: to give details o the meals.
  Use o numbers: to give the account accuracy and authority.
  Use o time reerences: speciic times give the account a morning-to-evening structure.

19

Content
ood, pets, travel,
clothing, tasks, history,
eelings, ears, amily,
riends/peers, ambitions,
inspirations, music
Style
inormative and actual (no igurative language); mixed sentence types, but
mostly compound; everyday vocabulary; simple verbs (mostly monosyllabic);
varied sentence openings (different noun subjects); clichés (e.g. antasy
world , dream come true); quotations as direct speech; colloquialisms (e.g.
buzz ); repetition (e.g. perorm)

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

Unit 7
1 (Example answer)
  One in 8000 people in the USA reaches the age o 100, and 90% o those are women. They are the
astest growing sector o the population, with an increase o 8% per year, eight times higher than other
age groups. Ninety percent o those enjoyed good health until they turned 90, and 15% o them are able
to live independently.

Diet is apparently one o the keys to a long lie, although there is a belie that optimism and consequent
low physical stress levels is also a contributor. A hereditary actor is evident in that the siblings o
centenarians are our times more likely to live to at least the age o 90 than the rest o the population.
Another characteristic o emale centenarians is that they are three times more likely than those who
lived to only 73 to have been over 40 when they gave birth.

3  Zeinab Badawi
  1959 Born in Sudan. Her grandather was a pioneer o women’s education and her ather was a
newspaper editor and social reormer [1]
  1962 Family moved to London where her ather worked or the BBC Arabic Service [1]
  1970 Attended Hornsey High School or Girls, London, taking A levels in Russian, Latin and
History [2]
  1978 Studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Hilda’s College, University o Oxord [2]
  1982 Broadcast journalist or Yorkshire Television [3]
  1988 Studied or MA in Middle East Politics and Anthropology at the School o Oriental and
Arican Studies (SOAS), University o London [3]
  1988 First anchorperson to present the ITV Morning News television programme [3]
  1989 Co-presenter o Channel Four News [3]
  1998 Moved to BBC and hosted various news programmes including Hard Talk  [4]
  2009 Interviewed Sudan’s President Omar Al-Bashir, the irst serving head o state to be charged
with war crimes [4]
  2009 Named International Television personality o the Year [4]
  2011 Appointed member o the Board o New College o the Humanities, London [4]

She has also:

  – Founded Arican Medical Partnership Fund
  – Campaigned extensively or the rights o girls and women in traditional societies
  – Acted as Moderator o United Nations conerences
  – Acted as Adviser to the Foreign Policy Centre
  – Acted as a Council Member o the Overseas Development Institute [5]

4 (Example answer)
  Zeinab Badawi, born in Sudan in 1959 to a amily involved with social reorm, moved to London aged
three when her ather got a job with the BBC. She attended a London girls’ high school, and afer taking
A levels went to Oxord to study PPE in 1978. Her irst job was with a tv company, and afer doing an MA
course at the University o London she started presenting a morning tv show, ollowed by being made
co-presenter o a Channel 4 news programme in 1989.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

  From 1998 Badawi hosted various news programmes or the BBC, which included interviewing Sudan’s
president in 2009, earning her the award o International Television personality o the Year, ollowed
two years later by a place on the board o the New College o the Humanities in London.

Other organisations she has been involved with during her career so ar are the Arican Medical
Partnership Fund, which she ounded, the United Nations, the Foreign Policy Centre and the Overseas
Development Institute, in addition to her continual campaign or the rights o women in undeveloped
countries. [181 words]

7 a  •   Norwegian
  •   born in Wales
  •   born 13.9.1916
  •   went to boarding school
  •   was a writer, ighter pilot
  •   went to Arica, Greece, USA
  •   liked antiques, paintings, greyhounds
  •   titles o his books
  •   names o prizes he won
  •   worked in shed with yellow pencils
  •   knew what children like to read
  •   died in Oxord 23.11.1990

  b  nationality, date and place o birth, secondary schooling, occupations, countries visited, partner,
number o children, country o residence, interests, achievements, prizes, work methods, belies,
passions, signiicant quotation, legacy, place and date o death

9  Sentence d: Roald Dahl, who was born in 1916 in Wales o Norwegian descent, was a highly successul
author o prize-winning children’s iction which inspired a love o reading . This sentence has the most
appropriate ocus, includes the most relevant content, and gives a range o inormation.

12 (Example answers)
  •   Roald Dahl, who wanted his readers to love reading and be entertained by his books, knew what
children like, as he had ive children.

•   Knowing what children like, since had had ive o his own, Roald Dahl wanted them to be
entertained by his books, as well as to love reading.

•   Having ive children, Roald Dahl, who knew what children like, wanted children to love reading
whilst being entertained by his books.

•   Roald Dahl, who knew what children like because he had ive children, wanted children to be
entertained by his books in order to love reading.

14  An obituary inorms readers o the recent death o a amous person and pays tribute to the deceased.
  a  You would ind one in a national newspaper, written by a journalist.
b  An obituary is also a summary o the lie story o a amous person, but it gives more than just actual
detail: it emphasises the person’s achievements and what was unique about them and thereore
has an evaluative element.

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 21

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

  c  A reader might read it i they had a particular interest in either the person or in the jobs they did
throughout their career.

15  epitaph: words engraved on a tombstone

  oibles: eccentric characteristics and weaknesses
  endearing: attractive to the beholder
  syndicate: publisher who publishes material simultaneously in a number o newspapers, TV stations etc.
  convention: large meeting or conerence o people rom a particular group
  opted: chose

16 a  epitaph, retirement, support, remembered, endearing, constancy, remained, contract, compose,

symphonies, combat, syndicate, recalled, convention, remained, international
b  epi – upon; re – again; sub/p – under; en – within; con/m – with; syn/m – together; inter – among

18  ‘Peanuts’ creator Charles M. Schulz died on Saturday [a]

Schulz was 77, and died in his sleep [a]

Schulz was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA on Nov. 26, 1922 [a]

  His wildly popular ‘Peanuts’ made its debut on Oct. 2, 1950. The troubles o the ‘little round-headed kid’
and his pals eventually ran in more than 2,600 newspapers, reaching millions o readers in 75 countries.
His last strip, appearing in Feb. 13 Sunday editions, [c]

Sergio Aragones, a Mad  magazine cartoonist and riend or more than 30 years, called Schulz ‘a true
cartoonist.’ ‘In a couple o centuries when people talk about American artists, he’ll be the one o the
very ew remembered,’ Aragones said. [b]

  ‘And when they talk about comic strips, probably his will be the only one ever mentioned.’[b and c]

  One o the most endearing qualities o ‘Peanuts’ was its constancy. [c]

  Over the years, the Peanuts gang became a part o American popular culture, [c]

  Schulz was drafed into the Army in 1943 and sent to the European theater o war, although he saw little
combat. [a]

  Afer the war, he ... taught art and sold cartoons to The Saturday Evening Post . [b]

His irst eature, ‘Li’l Folks,’ was developed or the St. Paul Pioneer Press in 1947. In 1950, it was sold to
a syndicate and the name changed to ‘Peanuts,’ even though, he recalled later, he didn’t much like the
name. [c]

  Although he remained largely a private person, the strip brought Schulz international ame. He won
the Reuben Award, comic art’s highest honor, in 1955 and 1964. In 1978, he was named International
Cartoonist o the Year, [b and c]

  In his later years, ... he requently played hockey [a]

He had had a clause in his contract dictating the strip had to end with his death. [a, b and c].

That’s why I draw cartoons. It’s my lie.’ [a and b]

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English © Cambridge University Press 2014 22

Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

19  (Example answer)

  Cartoonist Charles M. Schulz died in his sleep on Saturday, aged 77. The ‘Peanuts’ creator was born
in Minnesota, USA on Nov. 26, 1922. Schulz was drafed into the Army in 1943 and sent to the war in
Europe, but was not involved in much action. He enjoyed hockey, but cartoons were his lie.

Afer the war, he taught art and sold cartoons to The Saturday Evening Post .

His irst eature was developed or the St. Paul Pioneer Press in 1947 and sold to a syndicate and irst
published in 1950. Although originally called ‘Li’l Folks,’ the name was changed to ‘Peanuts,’ even
though Schulz didn’t like it. Although he liked his privacy, the strip made him internationally amous
and brought him many awards, including International Cartoonist o the Year. The strip eaturing the
reassuringly predictable ‘little round-headed kid’ and his pals who became part o American popular
culture appeared to millions o readers in 75 countries and more than 2,600 newspapers until the
last one on February 13 this year, when the gang and its creator both expired. He had a contractual
agreement that the strip would not be continued afer his death.

His riend and ellow cartoonist, Sergio Aragones, said he was a ‘true cartoonist’ and he and his strip
will be one o the ew American artists and comic strips remembered or all time.

[227 words]

22 a  iniltrated the imperial inner circle : penetrated/gained access to the exclusive group o those ruling
the empire
  b  the power-vacuum lef by Russia’s crushing deeats: the absence o authority created by the
devastating blows against Russia
  c  brought Rasputin almost supreme power alongside Alexandra: gave Rasputin nearly equal
maximum inluence with Alexandra
  d  were driving Russia to ruin: were causing the destruction o Russia
  e  whose version o the events surrounding Rasputin’s death: whose own account o the
circumstances o Rasputin’s demise

23  (Example answer)

  The Tsar is irresponsible and unit to govern as he has a weak character, doesn’t want to be in the
position o ruler, and will not ace up to important concerns o national interest.

The Tsarina is controlling, severe, unwilling to listen to criticism, closely allied to Rasputin, and
determined to get her own way.

24 a  the character o Rasputin: vice, carousing and passion; monster ; his humour expanding; devoured 
the cakes; even merrier ; inviolable; superhuman; glared 

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  These words and phrases make Rasputin seem to be sel-indulgent and excessive in all his habits
and behaviours, more animal than human, a deeply dangerous character and thereore
unsympathetic to the reader. He is reerred to as the monk  to make clear how hypocritical he is.

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b  the dramatic nature o his death: a rightul scream; whirled and ell; amazing strength; sprang;
wrenched ;
These words and phrases are strong, suggestive o powerulness and pain; they add sound effects
and violent movement to the description o the event and make clear that Rasputin was no
ordinary human being. The scene is set at midnight, in dim light.

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Cambridge IGCSE First Language English Coursebook Answers

27  Hours slipped by : this creates suspense because something should have happened immediately.

 seized with an insane dread : this shows how great a ear the conspirators had o their victim.
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  his black, black eyes: people don’t have black eyes, and the repetition stresses the unnatural and evil