oejcqh]n7 ateca lq^he_e`]` lanokj]hev]`]7
at]hp] h] Ç_qopkiev]_e’jÈ `a oqo ^eajao `a
@ah La`]ckck ]h
G[l]im Lig€h Aiht€f_t,
=h reoq]hev]n ah knecaj `a h] becqn] `ah
la`]ckck( jko oepq]iko aj h] Cna_e] `a h]
‰lk_] _h‚oe_]* Ah la`]ckck an] qj ao_h]rk ]h
oanre_ek `a h]o b]iehe]o ]neopk_n‚pe_]o aj_]n)
c]`k `a ]_kil]‘]n ] hko je‘ko $l]e`’o% aj
ah pn]ua_pk d]_e] h] ao_qah]* Aj aop] ei]caj
oa jko narah] lqao ah aolnepq bqj`]`kn `a
jqaopn] lnkbaoe’j6
 Ah la`]ckck _kik becqn] rej_qh]`] ]h lk)
`an u ] hko i‚o renpqkoko $]neop’o% `a h] ok)
_ea`]`*
 Ah la`]ckck _kik becqn] `a ]_kil]‘])
ieajpk( `a l]oak7 _kj _h]n]o naokj]j_e]o
Çlanel]p‰pe_]oÈ u behko’be_]o6 ]mq‰h mqa pa
]uq`] ] na_knnan qj Çl]pdkoÈ( ao `a_en( ] aj)
_kjpn]n p— _]iejk k `aopejk*
 Ah la`]ckck _kik becqn] mqa ]_p—] bqan]
`a h] ao_qah] k( i‚o at]_p]iajpa( aj hko
i‚ncajao `a h] ao_qah]*
Aop] pnelha `eopej_e’j jko ]uq`] ] oepq]n ah
]hi] knecej]h `ah la`]ckck( u ] `ebanaj)
_e]nh] `a kpn]o ]bejao _kik h] `ah i]aopnk k
ah lnkbaokn* Ah la`]ckck oa rej_qh] lnei])
ne]iajpa _kj h] renpq` u ah afan_e_ek `a ‰op]
_kj at_ahaj_e] u he`an]vck7 `a da_dk( aj oq
apeikhkc] u] ]l]na_a h] l]np_qh]
mqa oecjebe_] h`an* Ecq]hiajpa( ah
la`]ckck jk j]_a _kik qj pn]joieokn `a
_eaj_e] u _kjk_eieajpk( ]hck lnklek `a h]
`k_aj_e]( oejk _kik ]`fqjpk ] hko `ar]jako
`ah je‘k aj bkni]_e’j( ao `a_en( _kj`q_pkn(
cq]* L]na_a mqa ah pannajk `a fqack `ah
la`]ckck jqj_] bqa h] ao_qah] k ah ]qh](
nqa`k j]pqn]h `a i]aopnko u lnkbaoknao(
oejk lna_eo]iajpa hko pannepkneko heipnkbao
`a h] ejopepq_e’j a`q_]per]* Ah la`]ckck(
lqao( _kik Çiai^n]j] _ahqh]nÈ ajpna Çok)
_ea`]` u ao_qah]È( mqa ia`e] aj oqo ejpan)
_]i^eko u lnk_qn] oq iqpqk amqehe^nek*
Aop] i]pnev bqj`]_ekj]h `a h] la`]ckc]
oqbna qj] h]nc] pn]ua_pkne] deop’ne_] `a
pn]jobkni]_e’j* Aj h] A`]` Ia`e] u Naj]_e)
ieajpk( _kj h] ]l]ne_e’j u hajp] _kjopnq__e’j
`a hko Ç_knlqoÈ `a _kjk_eieajpk( ah la`]ck)
ck oa r] `aohev]j`k d]_e] jqarko pannajko
hec]`ko ] qj l]lah `a Çcq]n`e‚j `ah o]^anÈ*
Oa ]nnkc] h] ieoe’j `a _kjoanr]n h] ej_eleaj)
pa _eaj_e] u ]`iejeopn]n oq `ebqoe’j* Oa ]haf]
lqao `ah je‘k l]n] ]_an_]noa ]h he^nk* Lk`a)
iko reoq]hev]n aopa aop]`k aj h] lah_qh] ÇAh
jki^na `a h] nko]È( _qu] ejpnec] oa _ajpn]
aj _’ik hko ikjfao)la`]ckcko ia`ear]hao
`a_e`aj ok^na h] k_qhp]_e’j `a he^nko
_kjoe`an]`ko lkpaj_e]hiajpa lahecnkoko l])
n] h] `k_pnej] eilan]jpa*
?kj h] hhac]`] `a h] Ehqopn]_e’j u h] Ok_ea)
`]` Ej`qopne]h( ah la`]ckck arkhq_ekj]
jqar]iajpa* H] _na]_e’j `a hko cn]j`ao oeo)
pai]o a`q_]perko j]_ekj]hao u h] atpajoe’j
`a h] ao_kh]nev]_e’j k^hec]pkne] u cn]pqep] ]
]ilhe]o i]o]o `a lk^h]_e’j( naoep—]j ]h
la`]ckck _kik Ç`ebqokn `ah o]^anÈ k( i‚o
at]_p]iajpa( _kik h] becqn] aj_]nc]`] `a
klpeiev]n ao] pn]joieoe’j i]oer] `a _kjk_e)
ieajpk aj qj lnk_aok `a ]_qhpqn]_e’j
La`])ÇCkC’È-
caj‰ne_] `a h]o ok_ea`]`ao _kjpailkn‚ja]o
aj `ao]nnkhhk* =o lqao( aj hko oechko TET u
TT( oa d] raje`k _kjbqj`eaj`k ]h la`]ckck
_kj ah `e`]_p]( aj ah oajpe`k `a qj p‰_je_k
kneajp]`k ] lnkikran h] abe_]_e] u h] abe)
_eaj_e] `a hko lnk_aoko `a ajoa‘]jv])
]lnaj`ev]fa* Oe h] lneian] iqp]_e’j `ah la)
`]ckck bqa Ç`ah je‘k ]h he^nkÈ7 ‰op] oacqj`]
oa lk`n] ajqj_e]n _kik Ç`ah he^nk ]h iap])
he^nkÈ( ao `a_en( ah pn‚joepk `ah la`]ckck
`ao`a h]o bqajpao lnei]ne]o `a _kjk_eieaj)
pk ] h] ejraopec]_e’j ok^na _’ik hko patpko
`a^aj aop]n knc]jev]`ko u oa_qaj_e]`ko
l]n] lkpaj_e]n ah ]lnaj`ev]fa*
U ajpn]iko aj ah oechk TTE* H] ennql_e’j `a
ejpanjap u h]o PE?Êo $Pa_jkhkc]o `a h] Ejbkn)
i]_e’j u h] ?kiqje_]_e’j% lnkrk_] qj jqa)
rk _]i^ek `a nqi^k aj ah `arajen lnkbaoek)
j]h `ah la`]ckck* ?kj ah `ao]nnkhhk `a h]o
jqar]o na`ao `a `]pko( r]op]o u ]__aoe^hao
`a i]jan] ejia`e]p]( ah a`q_]`kn aj caja)
n]h u ah la`]ckck aj l]npe_qh]n lean`aj l]n]
oeailna oq _]n‚_pan `a bqajpa lnej_el]h `a
ejbkni]_e’j l]n] ah aopq`e]jpa* =dkn] ^eaj(
_k^n] qj] najkr]`] nahar]j_e] ah lanbeh `ah
la`]ckck _kik ]mq‰h mqa b]_ehep] ]h ]lnaj)
`ev l]o]n Ç`a h] ejbkni]_e’j ]h _kjk_eieaj)
pkÈ* ?kieajv] ajpkj_ao ] _ann]noa ah _n_qhk
mqa ]^n]iko ]h eje_ek `a aopa ao_nepk( lqao
ah la`]ckck oa nakneajp] kpn] rav d]_e] ah
je‘k( _kj`q_e‰j`kha( cqe‚j`kha aj ah l]oak
renpq]h lkn aopa ejcajpa i]n `a `]pko _kj ah
k^faperk `a kneajp]nha aj ah behpn]`k u ]j‚heoeo
_npe_k `a hko ieoiko( u lkoe^ehep]nha l]o]n
`a qj] r]c] i]o] `a ejbkni]_e’j ] qj ao)
_qhle`k _kjk_eieajpk*
Aopa na_eajpa ]ola_pk `ah la`]ckck( _kik
lnkraa`kn)b]_ehep]`kn `a oajpe`k _npe_k u
‰pe_k ] h] ejbkni]_e’j mqa hhac] ]h aopq`e]j)
pa( reaja oeaj`k oa‘]h]`] `a i]jan] nae)
pan]`] aj h] hepan]pqn] `a jqaopnk _]ilk*
Lank( oe ^eaj ah l]lah `ah la`]ckck oa d]
aop]^ha_e`k _h]n]iajpa aj h] Ok_ea`]` `ah
?kjk_eieajpk( jk oa d] da_dk `a ecq]h
i]jan] aj ah kpnk _]ilk _kilhaiajp]nek
`a jqaopnk _kjpatpk ]_pq]h6 h] Ok_ea`]` `ah
Aola_p‚_qhk*
Lk`aiko _]n]_panev]n aop] Ok_ea`]` `ah
Aola_p‚_qhk ] l]npen `a hko jqarko `aoako u
ja_aoe`]`ao mqa cajan] aj oqo ieai^nko
$dkik ola_p]_qheo%* I‚o _kj_nap]iajpa6
 @aoak `a ej`ere`q]hev]_e’j6 ah Çdkik ola_)
p]_qheoÈ ja_aoep] oan pn]p]`k _kik ej`ere`qk
.5
_kjoqik7 naa`ebe_] u `aebe_] oq lanbeh ej`ere)
`q]h aj h]o na`ao ok_e]hao( ap_¾
 @aoak `a aola_e]hev]_e’j6 aj ah oajpe`k `a
mqa ah Çdkik ola_p]_qheoÈ ja_aoep] oan _kj)
oe`an]`k _kik ]hck aola_e]h u —je_k7 at]hp])
_e’j `a jqarko oj`nkiao u ajbania`]`ao
$_ahe]_ko( P@=D( ]oi]¾% _kik oq^hei]_e’j
`a p]h lqhoe’j7 lnkl]c]_e’j `a _kj_qnoko u
_anp‚iajao aj ^qo_] `ah p]hajpk( ap_*
 @aoak `a nabqanvk6 ah Çdkik ola_p]_qheoÈ
ja_aoep] oan na_kjk_e`k u nabknv]`k lkn
kpnko7 at]_an^]_e’j `a hko fqn]`ko aj hko
lnkcn]i]o `a pahareoe’j7 ^—omqa`] _kjpejq]
`ah ÇIa cqop]È aj h]o na`ao ok_e]hao( ap_*
Aopa lkopik`anjk lanbeh `a ja_aoe`]`ao `ah
Çdkik ola_p]_qheoÈ oa nabhaf] lanba_p]iajpa(
u `a i]jan] ]pann]`kn]( aj h] lklqh]nev])
_e’j u `aik_n]pev]_e’j `a qj ]_pk ]jpao
heiep]`k ] o’hk qjko lk_ko6 ah Ç_]opejcÈ
$lnk_aok `a oaha__e’j `ah nal]npk k ahaj_k
`a qj] lah_qh]( k `a hko l]npe_el]jpao aj qj
aola_p‚_qhk k _kj_qnok%* Aj h] ]_pq]he`]`(
l]na_a d]^epq]h mqa _q]hmqean _eq`]`]jk oa
lnaoajpa ] qjk( a ej_hqok oa ]`reanpa qj
lnkcnaoerk okh]l]ieajpk ajpna hko Ç_]opejcÈ
`a oaha__e’j l]n] qj _kj_qnok pahareoerk aj
^qo_] `a p]hajpk u hko lnk_aoko `a oaha__e’j
`a lanokj]h aj h]o ailnao]o( _q^neaj`k `a
qj lhqi]vk pk`]o h]o ja_aoe`]`ao ]jpao
]lqjp]`]o6 ǹAd( ien]`ia ¹Oku I]n_ko Nk)
i‚j ¹Pajck qj p]hajpk aola_e]h ¹@a_`)
iahkÈ*
Oe l]npeiko `a h] lnaieo] `a mqa ah la`])
ckck `a^a `]n qj] naolqaop] lnkle] aj aopa
jqark iqj`k( _kiaj_aiko lkn _kjpn]lk)
janhk _kj oq naranok ko_qnk aj aopa _kjpat)
pk6 h] becqn] `ah Çfqn]`kÈ* Hko ieai^nko `ah
fqn]`k aj aopa iqj`k Ç_]opejcÈ okj becqn]o
`a na_kjk_e`] ]qpkne`]` mqa l]na_aj aj_]n)
j]n h]o ]joe]o i‚o lnkbqj`]o `a hko dqi])
jko lkopik`anjko ]_pq]hao6 _kieajv]j lna)
cqjp‚j`kpa pq jki^na $ej`ere`q]hev]_e’j%(
oecqaj okhe_ep‚j`kpa qj] iqaopn] `a pq p])
hajpk $aola_e]hev]_e’j% u aiepaj oq fqe_ek
$nabqanvk%* Hk `a iajko l]na_a oan oe `e_dk
fqe_ek ao lkoeperk k jac]perk( hk bqj`]iajp]h
ao ah iank ]_pk `a na_kjk_eieajpk*
Lkn p]jpk( lk`n]iko e`ajpebe_]n ] hko fqn])
`ko _kik qj] i]jebaop]_e’j( aj oq ranoe’j
i‚o k^o_aj]( `a hk mqa h] ok_ea`]` aop‚
`ai]j`]j`k ] hko la`]ckcko ]_pq]hao* @e)
ck k^o_aj] lknmqa ah fqn]`k( ]qjmqa nao)
lkj`a ] h] ja_aoe`]` `a h] lanokj]( ^qo_]
bejao aolqneko u _kian_e]hao( aj jejc—j _]ok
hko mqa peajaj mqa ran _kj ah lanba__ekj])
ieajpk `ah oqfapk u mqa okj hko lnkleko `ah
i]n_k a`q_]perk* Ah fqn]`k ao qj la`])
Çckc’È( qj] `acajan]_e’j `ah la`]ckck
mqa ^qo_] ajpnapajan _kik qj] ^]eh]nej] aj
qj] `eo_kpa_]*
=o lh]jpa]`]o h]o _ko]o( ¸_’ik `a^a oan ah
la`]ckck lkopik`anjk( naranok hqiejkok
`ah fqn]`k; = ie ajpaj`an( `a^a _qilhen h]o
oecqeajpao bqj_ekjao( mqa oa ajn]v]j `ena_)
p]iajpa _kj h]o oa‘]h]`]o ]h eje_ek6
 Ah la`]ckck `apa_p] ah p]hajpk ateopajpa aj
_]`] je‘k( hk lnkiqara u b]_ehep] oq ajpna)
j]ieajpk oeopai‚pe_k l]n] hhar]nhk ] h]
at_ahaj_e]* U] jk d]u aol]_ek l]n] oeopai]o
a`q_]perko mqa okhe_ep]j `ah aopq`e]jpa
]oeopaj_e] _kjpejq]`] `qn]jpa qj peailk

^nqp]hiajpa lnkhkjc]`k l]n] ]_]^]n ej`eba)
naj_e]`ko aj ah iqj`k ok_e]h u h]^kn]h* Oe
qj oeopai] a`q_]perk jk o]^a `a_en `a qj
je‘k( pn]o -, ]‘ko `a k^hec]pknea`]`( _q‚h ao
oq p]hajpk oejk o’hk _q‚h ao oq `‰be_ep7
ajpkj_ao jk iana_a h] laj] ah pn]ua_pk*
COL•LEGI DE PEDAGOGS DE CATALUNYA
 Ah la`]ckck b]_ehep] ah ikreieajpk `ah l]npe_qh]n `a( rkhreaj`k ] h] ei]caj `ah
aopq`e]jpa `ao`a ah Çejpanekn `a h] ao_qah]È la`]ckck _h‚oe_k( hko je‘ko mqa ]_kil]‘’
d]_e] ah Çatpanekn `a h] ao_qah]È u re_arano]* ] hko hiepao `a h] ao_qah]*
U] ^]op] `a oeopai]o a`q_]perko eilan)
ia]^hao*

X
 Ah la`]ckck ]uq`] ]h je‘k ] aj_kjpn]n qj] =o( ah la`]ckck oa pn]joiqp] aj la`])Çck)

)
rk_]_e’j( qj _]iejk k qj oajpe`k* @ajpnk ckÈ $`ah ran^k ejch‰o( Çpk ckÈ%6 ]hcqeaj mqa
`a h] ]l]najpa ejbejepq` `a lkoe^ehe`]`ao `ah `apa_p]( `eneca u ailqf]* L]n] r]hkn]n ] qj

iqj`k ]_pq]h( h] iafkn ]lknp]_e’j mqa oa
lqa`a d]_an ]h aopq`e]jpa ao `kp]nha `a qj
k^faperk* U] ^]op] `a oeopai]o a`q_]perko
mqa jk oa `enecaj ] jejc—j k^faperk _kj_na)
pk $k mqa oa ^]o]j aj lnkiao]o eilh_ep]o(
_kik h] ejoan_e’j h]^kn]h( mqa u] jk oa
okopeajaj u mqa `aoai^k_]j aj h] mqea^n]
`ah _kjpn]pk ok_e]h%*
)-) =npe_qhk lnaoajp]`k aj ah RE Lnaiek `a Ajo]uk La`]c’ce_k Bna`ane_ ?kil]ju e Bn]jmqao] .,-.
).) Loe_kla`]ckck
%
la`])Çck)ckÈ d]^n] mqa lnacqjp]noa6 ¸]
_q‚jpk ej`ere`qko `apa_p’; ¸= _q‚jpko `a
ahhko ailqf’ d]_e] h] at_ahaj_e]( ] hk iafkn
`a o ieoiko; Qj _khacek `a la`]ckcko `ah
bqpqnk `a^an] d]_an qj na_kjk_eieajpk
atlh_epk `a aopko hkcnko7 u _]`] qjk `a oqo
ieai^nko `a^an] lnaoajp]n oq ^]c]fa

@_^_l[]c ?olij_[
^_ Jli`_mmcih[fm ^_ f[ J_^[aiac[
M_]l_n[lc[ A_h_l[f
>_f_a[]c [ =[n[fohs[

Ba`an]_e’ Aqnkla] `a Lnkbaooekj]ho `a h] La`]ckce]

lnkfa__e’ aqnkla] e ejpanj]_ekj]h `a h] lnkbaooe’ la`]c“ce_]
lan ] h] lnkik_e’ e `ebqoe’ `ah lanbeh lnkbaooekj]h `ah la`]ckc+]
e `ah oaq _k`e `akjpkh“ce_*

/,