]AT@XQT@J ]ATQ^@K@@J
]X.. ^QG
]X ^QGDAT
DAT @I E@TC@ XTCF@S@, Xdo .
X@KQJ 4=03  „ 4=40

D@D C
QGQG

]@^@I 0
]AJBATXC@J
]AJBATXC@J C^XCI@
C^XCI@KK

H`i`g par`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc y`jb hc g`osuh hajb`j6

0. ]ATQ^@K@@J
 @h`i`k d`h`j us`k` ]X. ^ugdar @ie`rc` Xrcf`y`, Xdo., daroahuhuo`j hc
X`jbar`jb, y`jb hchcrco`j gajf`hc d`h`j kuoug darh`s`ro`j @ot` Jl.40
X`jbb`i 44 Eadru`rc 03;3, hcdu`t hck`h`p`j Bha Oart`y`s`, ^.K., Jlt`rcs
hc F`o`rt` h`j hcs`ko`j darh`s`ro`j ^ur`t Oaputus`j Gajtarc
Oak`ocg`j Jl.N4-201;.KX.=0.=0.XK ;3 X`jbb`i 2 @bustus 03;3,
hajb`j @ot` ]arjy`t``j ^ad`bc`j Oaputus`j T`p`t Jl. 50 t`jbb`i 44
Fujc 4=01, y`jb hcdu`t hc k`h`p`j ^rcwc D`w`j` J`w`os`rc, ^.K. GOj,
Jlt`rcs hc O`dup`taj X`jbar`jb, `ot` g`j` tai`k gagparliak
parsatufu`j h`rc Gajtarc Kuoug h`j K`o @s`sc G`jusc` sad`b`cg`j`
tarjy`t` h`i`g
h`i`g ^ur`t ]ajarcg``j ]
]arud`k`j
arud`k`j @j
@jbb`r`j
bb`r`j H`s`
H`s`rr Jl. @KQ-
 @K.=0.=>-=31=1>; t`jbb`i 0= Fuic 4=01 h`j tarh`et`r hc H`et`r ]arsarl`j
Jl. @KQ->1>44==.@K.=0.00. X`kuj 4=01 t`jbb`i 0= Fuic 4=01.

0
 

4. HCTAO^C 
 @h`i`k hcraosc ]arsarl`j y`jb tarhcrc h`rc Hcraotur-Hcraotur y`jb hc`jbo`t
h`j hcdarkajtco`j liak T`p`t Qgug ]agab`jb ^`k`g ( TQ]^) h`j
dart`jbbujb f`w`d oap`h` TQ]^.

>. G@J@FAGAJ
 @h`i`k p`r` pcgpcj`j aosaoutce ]arus`k``j y`jb o`raj` tub`sjy`
hcdarco`j oawaj`jb`j ujtuo gagcgpcj, gajbaili` ujct oarf` h`j
gajf`i`jo`j ]arus`k``j.

8. @X@^@J I@ JB^
JB^QJ
QJB
B
 @h`i`k O`ry`w`j y`jb o`raj` f`d`t`jjy` gagpujy`c t`jbbujb f`w`d
pajub`s`j, pagdcj``j, h`j pajb`w`s`j san`r` i`jbsujb tark`h`p
O`ry`w`j hc d`bc`jjy`.

1. O@TS@R@J
 @h`i`k lr`jb y`jb gagpujy`c kudujb`j oarf` hajb`j ]arus`k``j h`j
gajarcg` Qp`k sart` tai`k tarh`et`r sad`b`c O`ry`w`j h`j gagcicoc
Jlglr Cjhuo O`ry`w`j.

5. OAIQ@TB@ O@
O@TS@R@J
TS@R@J
 @h`i`k salr`jb cstrc `t`u su`gc y`jb s`k san`r` kuoug, > (tcb`) lr`jb
`j`o y`jb s`k san`r` kuoug h`j/`t`u `j`o `jbo`t y`jb tai`k hcs`ko`j
hajb`j putus`j pajb`hci`j jabarc, hajb`j sy`r`t 6
`. `j`o g`
g`sck
sck saoli`k, daiug ga
gajco`k
jco`k h`j/`t`u darugur g`
g`oscg`i
oscg`i 40
(hu` puiuk s`tu) t`kuj? h`j
d. salr`jb cstrc `t`u su`gc y`jb s`k san`
san`r`
r` kuoug h`j `j`
`j`o
o tarh`et`r hc
parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j.

4
 

2. @KI
@KICC R@TC^
 @h`i`k `jbblt` oaiu`rb` y
y`jb
`jb san`r` kuoug ltlg`tcs gajf`hc `kic w`rcs
h`j/`t`u lr`jb y`jb hc`jbo`t san`r` s`k gajurut kuoug liak O`ry`w`j
h`j suh`k hch`et`ro`j hc parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j sad`b`c `kic w`rcs h`i`g
k`i tarf`hcjy` oag`tc`j O`ry`w`j.

;. ICJBOQJB@J ]ATQ
]ATQ^@K@
^@K@@J
@J
 @h`i`k oasaiuruk`j tagp`t y`jb san`r` s`k dar`h` hcd`w`k
pajbu`s``j  h`j pajb`w`s`j ]arus`k``j y`jb hcbuj`o`j ujtuo
gajujf`jb oabc`t`j us`k` ]arus`k``j.

3. ]AT@XQT@J ]ATQ
]ATQ^@K@
^@K@@J
@J
 @h`i`k par`tur`j y`jb hcdu`t san`r` tartuics liak pajbus`k` y`jb
gagu`t sy`r`t-sy`r`t oarf` h`j t`t` tartcd ]arus`k``j.

0=. @^AX ]ATQ^@K@@J

 @h`i`k sab`i` d`r`jb, dajh`, g`upuj `i`t-`i`t y`jb hcgcicoc g`upuj
dar`h` hc h`i`g pajbu`s``j ]arus`k``j y`jb hcparbuj`o`j h`i`g
daoarf` h`j/`t`u hcparn`y`o`j oap`h` O`ry`w`j.

00. ]AOATF@@J
 @h`i`k oabc`t`j y`jb hcf`i`jo`j liak O`ry`w`j ujtuo oapajtcjb`j
]arus`k``j h`i`g su`tu kudujb`j oarf` hajb`j gajh`p`t Qp`k.

04. F@G OATF@

 @h`i`k w`otu oarf` y`jb hctat`po`j liak parus`k``j, ujtuo
gai`os`j`o`j paoarf``j sasu`c hajb`j tub`s h`j t`jbbujbf`w`djy`.
t`jbb ujbf`w`djy`.

>
 

0>.. F@
0> F@HR@I
HR@I OATF@ (^K
(^KCEX
CEX))
 @h`i`k w`otu oarf` O`ry`w`j san`r` darbcicr gajurut f`hw`i y`jb hc
tat`po`j san`r` tar`tur hajb`j i`g`jy` w`otu oarf` y`jb s`g` satc`p
k`rc h`j k`rc cstcr`k`t tch`o k`rus f`tuk p`h` k`rc y`jb s`g` hajb`j k`rc
cstcr`k`t O`ry`w`j i`cj.

08. K@TC ICDQT

 @h`i`k k`rc cstcr`k`t gcjbbu`j h`j/`t`u k`rc Icdur y`jb hctat`po`j liak
pagarcjt`k.

01. F@G C^XCT@K@X

Cstcr`k`t `jt`r` f`g oarf`, saour`jb our`jbjy` satajb`k f`g satai`k
daoarf` sai`g` 8 (agp`t) f`g tarus gajarus h`j w`otu cstcr`k`t tarsadut
tch`o targ`suo f`g oarf`.

05. G@JBOCT
 @h`i`k tch`o k`hcr `t`u tch`o g`suo oarf` t`jp` `i`s`j h`j oatar`jb`j
san`r` tartuics y`jb hciajbo`pc hajb`j duotc y`jb s`k y`jb h`p`t
hcpart`jbbujbf`w`do`j.

02. XAG]@X OATF@

 @h`i`k icjboujb`j pai`os`j``j oarf` y`jb gaicputc j
j`guj
`guj tch`o tard`t`s
tagp`t oabc`t`j g`upuj `ra` o`jtlr, buh`jb, `t`u tlol h`j tagp`t-
tagp`t i`cj y`jb hctujfuo liak ]arus`k``j.

0;.. OANA
0; OANAI@O
I@O @@J OATF@
 @h`i`k oanai`o``j y`jb d
darkudujb`j
arkudujb`j hajb`j kudujb`j oarf`, targ`suo
pajy`oct y`jb tcgdui o`raj` kudujb`j oarf`, hagcoc`j pui` oanai`o``j
y`jb tarf`hc h`i`g parf`i`j`j dar`jbo`t h`rc rug`k gajufu tagp`t oarf`

h`j /`t`u sad`icojy` gai`iuc f`i`j y`jb dc`s` `t`u w`f`r hci`iuc.
8
 

03. Q]@K
 @h`i`k k`o O`ry`w`j y`jb hctarcg` h`j hcjy`t`o`j h`i`g dajtuo u`jb
sad`b`c cgd`i`j h`rc ]arus`k``j oap`h` O`ry`w`j `t`s su`tu paoarf``j
h`j/`t`u f`s` y`jb tai`k `t`u `o`j hci`ouo`j? y`jb Qp`k tarsadut tarhcrc
h`rc olgpljaj Qp`k ]lolo h`j Xujf`jb`j Xat`p.

4=. Q]@K ]LOLO

 @h`i`k ujsur Qp`k darup` u`jb y`jb hctarcg` liak O`ry`w`j `t`s su`tu
paoarf``j h`j/`t`u f`s` y`jb tai`k `t`u `o`j hci`ouo`j y`jb hch`s`ro`j
`t`s Br`hcjb, sadaiug hct`gd`k Xujf`jb`j h`j sadaiug hcpltljb ]`f`o
]ajbk`sci`j (]]k 40).

40. XQJF@JB@J XAX@]

 @h`i`k su`tu cgd`i`j y`jb hctarcg` liak O`ry`w`j san`r` tat`p

 fugi`kjy` h`j tar`tur pagd`y`r`jjy` y`jb tch`o hco`cto`j hajb`j
oak`hcr`j `t`upuj pajn`p`c`j prast`sc oarf` tartajtu.

44. BT@HCJB
 @h`i`k oi`sceco`sc h`j pajbailgploo`j f`d`t`j tark`h`p su`tu struotur
sasu`c hajb`j oadutuk`j ]arus`k``j.

4>. A[NA^^ NI@CG

 @h`i`k safugi`k oaiadck`j u`jb `t`s pajbaiu`r`j dc`y` pai`y`j`j
oasak`t`j h`rc fugi`k g`oscgug g`je``t y`jb dari`ou `t`s salr`jb
o`ry`w`j/t`jbbujb`j `t`u su`tu fugi`k dc`y` pai`y`j`j oasak`t`j y`jb
tch`o targ`suo y`jb hcf`gcj liak D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i
Oasak`t`j h`j `t`u parus`k``j `sur`jsc y`jb hctujfuo.

1
 

]@^@I 4
G@O^QH H@J XQFQ@J

G`osuh h`j tufu`j h`rc ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc `h`i`k ujtuo gajncpt`o`j
kudujb`j oarf` y`jb d`co, gajb`tur oaw`fcd`j h`j k`o O`ry`w`j tark`h`p

]arus`k``j `t`upuj sad`icojy` sakcjbb` tarwufuh oataj`jb`j oarf` h`j

prlhuotcvct`s oarf` g`oscg`i y`jb darg`je``t d`bc oahu` dai`k pck`o.

]@^@I >
TQ@JB ICJBOQ]

0. ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc dari`ou hc ]

]X.
X. ^ugda
^ugdarr @ie`rc` Xrcf`y`, Xdo. D`c
D`co
o
hc O`jtlr ]us`t g`upuj hc n`d`jb  „  n`d`jb ]arus`k``j saiuruk
Cjhljasc`.

4. ]ar`tur`j ]
]arus`k``j
arus`k``j ccjc
jc dari`ou d`bc sa
saiuruk
iuruk O`ry`w`j ]X. ^ugdar
^ugdar
 @ie`rc` Xrcf`y`, Xdo. D`co y`jb `h` hc O`jtlr ]us`t g`upuj hc n`d`jb  „ 
n`d`jb ]arus`k``j saiuruk Cjhljasc`.

D@D CC
KQDQJB@J
KQDQJB@J OATF@

]@^@I 8
]AJAT
]AJATCG@@J
CG@@J O @TS@R@
@TS@R@JJ

0. ]ajarcg``j O`ry`w`j d`ru sapajukjy` `h`i `k k`o h`j wawaj`jb

sapajukjy`
pajuk ]arus`k``j y`jb hch`s`ro`j `t`s oadutuk`j lrb`jcs`sc h`j
parajn`j``j oataj`b`oarf``j ]arus`k``j.

5
 

4. ^adaiug hctarcg` sad`b`c O`ry`w`j, g`o` sagu` n`ilj O`ry`w`j k`rus

gai`iuc prlsahur pajarcg``j O`ry`w`j y`jb dari`ou.

>. ^y`r`t-sy`r`t ugug pai`g`r `h`i`k6

`. R`rb` Jab`r` Cjhljasc`?

d. sak`t f`sg`jc h`j rlk`jc?

n. darusc` gcjcg`i 0; t`kuj?
h. gagajukc ou`iceco`sc y`jb hctajtuo`j ]arus`k``j?
a. tch`o taricd`t oabc`t`j/ oa`jbblt``j lrb`jcs`sc tari`r`jb?
e. daroai`ou`j d`co?
b. tch`o taro`ct h`i`g kudujb`j oarf` hajb`j pck`o i`cj? h
h`j
`j
k. darsahc` gaj``tc ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j.

]@^@I 1
^X@XQ^
^X@XQ^ O@
O@TS@R@J
TS@R@J

0. O`ry`w`j Xat`p `
`h`i`k
h`i`k O`ry`w`j y`jb da
daoarf`
oarf` darh
darh`s`ro`j
`s`ro`j ]
]arf`jfc`j
arf`jfc`j
Oarf` R`otu Xch`o Xartajtu h`j tai`k gajf`i`jc g`s` parnld``j p`icjb
i`g` > (tcb`) dui`j sart` hc`jbb`p tai`k gagajukc ou`iceco`sc y`jb tai`k
hctat`po`j liak ]arus`k``j sakcjbb` hc`jbo`t gajf`hc O`ry`w`j Xat`p.

4. Hcs`h`rc `o`j pajtcjbjy` g`s` pajyasu`c`j sadaiug salr`jb O`ry`w`j

hc`jbo`t gajf`hc O`ry`w`j Xat`p liak o`raj` ctu hcsap`o`tc `h`jy`6
`. G`s` p
parnld``j
arnld``j ujtuo g`s` oarf` p`i
p`icjb
cjb i`g` > (tcb`) dui`j y`jb
garup`o`j g`s` pajyasu`c`j d`bc O`ry`w`j ujtuo hctat`po`j
sad`b`c O`ry`w`j Xat`p?
d. Kudujb`j oarf` sai`g` g`s` parnld``j tarsadut h`p`t hcputuso`j

liak g`scjb-g`scjb pck`o d`co ]ajbus`k` g`upuj O`ry`w`j h`j

2
 

dari`ou satc`p s``t t`jp` `h` co`t`j `p`puj?

n. ]arus`k``j `o`j g
gagd`y`r
agd`y`r Qp`k sai`g` O`
O`ry`w`j
ry`w`j tarsadut
gai`ouo`j paoarf``jjy`?
h. @t`s`j I`jbsujb gai`ouo`j pajci`c`j h`i`g g`s` parnld``j?
a. ^alr`jb O`ry`
O`ry`w`j
w`j h`p`t hc
hc`jbo`t
`jbo`t gajf`hc O`ry`w`j X
Xat`p
at`p fco`

gajujfuoo`j prast`sc oarf` sasu`c hajb`j y`jb hctat`po`j?

e. ^atai`k g`s` parnld
parnld``j
``j saias`c
saias`c h`j O`ry`w`j g gajujfuoo`j
ajujfuoo`j
prast`sc oarf` sasu`c hajb`j y`jb hck`r`po`j g`o` ]arus`k``j
gagdarco`j sur`t pajb`jbo`t`j sad`b`c O`ry`w`j Xat`p h`j g`s`
parnld``j hcparkctujbo`j h`i`g parkctujb`j g`s` oarf` O`ry`w`j.
b. ]ajardct`j ^O paj
pajb`jbo`t`j
b`jbo`t`j g
g`oscg`i
`oscg`i 0 dui`j satai`k saias`cjy`
g`s` parnld``j h`j ]arf`jfc`j Oarf` R`otu Xartajtu (]ORX).

>. O`ry`w`j Xch`o Xat`p `h`i`k O`

O`ry`w`j
ry`w`j y`
y`jb
jb hcpa
hcpaoarf`o`j
oarf`o`j u
ujtuo
jtuo w`otu
tartajtu `t`u paoarf``j tartajtu darh`s`ro`j su`tu ]arf`jfc`j Oarf`
R`otu Xartajtu.

8. H`i`g k`i y`jb `g`t okusus (dci` hcpariu

hcpariuo`j),
o`j), pajbus`k` h`p`t
gagpaoarf`o`j paoarf` tch`o tat`p y`ctu paoarf` k`rc`j iap`s h`j/`t`u
paoarf` dlrljb`j, ujtuo pajyaias`c`j tub`s y`jb sce`tjy` cjschajtci/
sagajt`r` h`j/ `t`u gajhas`o, hcg`j` kudujb`j h`j sy`r`t-sy`r`t
oarf`jy` hc`tur hajb`j darpahlg`j p`h` par`tur`j ]arujh`jb-
ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

;
 

]@^@I 5
GQX@^C

0. Darh`s`ro`j oapajtcjb`j h`j paroagd`jb`j, ]arus`k``j gagcicoc

oawaj`jb`j h`j
h`j dark`o gajb`tur pa
pagcjh`k`j
gcjh`k`j oarf` (Gut`sc) O`r
O`ry`w`j
y`w`j

`jt`r ilo`sc oarf`, `jt`r ujct oarf`, `jt`r hap`rtagaj, `jt`r f`d`t`j
hajb`j tch`o gajbur`jbc k`o-k`o y`jb hctarcg`jy`.

4. H`i`g k`i Gut`sc, ]arus`k``j saj`jtc`s` gagpark`tco`j oas`jbbup`j

O`ry`w`j h`j sah`p`t gujbocj gagpartcgd`jbo`j oacjbcj`j
O`ry`w`j, j`guj hagcoc`j oapajtcjb`j ]arus`k``j tat`p hcut`g`o`j.

>. Gut`sc O`
O`ry`w`j
ry`w`j h`p`
h`p`tt hci`ouo`j `jt`r` i`c
i`cj
j hcsad`do`j liak k`i-k`i
sad`b`c darcout 6
`. oag`gpu`j h`j pajb`i`g
pajb`i`g`j
`j O`ry`w`j y`jb hc`jbb`p sasu`c
hajb`j tagp`t y`jb hctufu?
d. dart`gd`k `t`u darour`jbjy` vliuga ]aoarf``j?
n. darud`kjy` elrg`sc `t`u susuj`j struotur lrb`jcs`sc?
h. `jfur`j hlotar sakudujb`j hajb`j oljhcsc oasak`t`j ecsco `t`u
gajt`i O`ry`w`j y`jb tch`o gagujbocjo`j ujtuo daoarf` p`h`
tagp`t `t`u f`d`t`j y`jb hchuhuocjy`?
a. parglklj`j h`rc O`r
O`ry`w`j,
y`w`j, saf`uk h`p`t hci`os`j
hci`os`j`o`j
`o`j sasu`c
hajb`j oapajtcjb`j h`j oadutuk`j ]arus`k``j?
e. oaputus`j-oaputus`j i`cj gajy`jbout parud`k`j oadcf`o`j
]arus`k``j.

8. Gut`sc O`ry`w`j h`p`t dar`ocd`t parud`k`j st`tus, p`jbo`t `t`u f`d`t`j

h`j e`scict`s O`ry`w`j y`jb dars`jbout`j, j`guj pajuruj`j Qp`k

]lolo tch`o hcparoaj`jo`j.

3
 

1. ^atc`p O
O`ry`w`j
`ry`w`j h
h`p`t
`p`t gajb`
gajb`fuo`j
fuo`j parglklj`j Gut`sc p`h`
p`h` d`bc
d`bc`j
`j
parslj`ic` hc o`jtlr pus`t `t`u n`d`jb, hajb`j gajh`p`t parsatufu`j
 @t`s`j I`jbsujb gcjcg`i satcjbo`t G`j`bar. D`bc`j parslj`ic` `o`j
gajbcrcg h`t` O`ry`w`j y`jb dars`jbout`j dars`g` parglklj`j
Gut`sc oa d`bc`j parslj`ic` o`jtlr pus`t `t`u n`d`jb i`cjjy`.

5. ]arglklj`j Gut`sc O`ry`w`j

O`ry`w`j k`ru
k`rus
s `h` oasap`o`t`j `jt`r` @t`
@t`s`j
s`j
I`jbsujb paglklj h`j n`ilj @t`s`j I`jbsujb paglklj. Gut`sc
hci`os`j`o`j satai`k `h` sur`t Gut`sc y`jb hcoaiu`ro`j liak parslj`ic`
]arus`k``j.

2. ^alr`jb O
O`ry`w`j
`ry`w`j y`jb hcgu
hcgut`sco`j,
t`sco`j, g
g`s`
`s` oarf` y`j
y`jb
b tai`k hci`iucjy`
tat`p hcparkctujbo`j.

;. O`ry`w`j y`jb hcgut`sco`j o`raj` oadutuk`j ]arus`k``j g`o`

]arus`k``j gaj`jbbujb dc`y`-dc`y` sad`b`cg`j` hc`tur hc h`i`g ^ur`t
Oaputus`j Hcraosc h`j/`t`u ^t`jh`rh Lpar`tcjb ]rlnahura.

3. @p`dci` O`r
O`ry`w`j
y`w`j hcgut`sc o`raj` oa
oacjbcj`j
cjbcj`j O`ry`w`j sajhcrc g`o`
]arus`k``j tch`o gaj`jbbujb dc`y`-dc`y` `p`puj y`jb tcgdui
sakudujb`j hajb`j pai`os`j``j gut`sc tarsadut.

0=. Oaputus`j gut`sc O`ry`w`j hcsar`ko`j p`h` oaputus`j

g`j`fagaj/]arus`k``j.

00. Cjelrg`sc gut`sc hcdarct`kuo`j 0 dui`j sadaiug pai`os`j``j gut`sc,

oanu`ic `h` su`tu k`i y`jb gajhas`o gajurut partcgd`jb`j parus`k``j.

0=
 

]@^@I 2
]TLGL^C

0. Oasagp`t`j pajbcsc`j ilwljb`j f`d`t`j y`jb iadck tcjbbc hcprclrct`so`j

d`bc O`ry`w`j h`rc Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j y`jb gagcicoc pltajsc h`j

parsy`r`t`j y`jb sasu`c hajb`j f`d`t`j tarsadut.

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb gajh`p`to`j ]rlglsc F`d`t`j w`fcd gajbcoutc oatajtu`j

darcout6
`. O`ry`w`j `
`o`j
o`j gajbcoutc prlbr`g pa
pajbagd`jb`j
jbagd`jb`j (hava
(havailpgajt
ilpgajt
prlbr`g) hajb`j oatajtu`j darcout 6

Iavaii F`d`
Iava F`d`t`j
t`j Xufu`j Hur`
Hur`sc
sc Ha
Havailpgajt
vailpgajt ]rlbr`g
^t`ee
^t`ee 8 dui`j
Leecnar 8 dui`j
Nllrhcj`tlr 5 dui`j
Fujc lr G`
G`j`bar
j`bar 3 dui`j

^ajcl
^ajcl r G`
G`j`bar
j`bar 04 du
dui`j
i`j
d. O`ry`w`j iuius havailpgajt prlbr`g hcduotco`j hajb`j ^ur`t X`jh`
Iuius.
n. ]ai`os`j``j havailpgajt prlbr`g hc`tur iadck i`jfut hc h`i`g Gagl
Cjtarj`i h`j/`t`u ^t`jh`rh Lpar`tcjb ]rlnahura (^L]).
h. ^asu`c hajb`j oadutuk`j (G]]).
a. Hctat`po`j hajb`j ^ur`t Oaputus`j ]rlglsc F`d`t`j.

>. O`ry`w`j y`jb tajb`k gajf`i`jc g`s` dari`oujy` ^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j tch`o
dark`o ujtuo hcprlglsco`j.

00
 

]@^@I ;
HAGL^C

0. ]arus`k``j h`p`t gajurujo`j Br`hcjb `t`u gajn`dut f`d`t`j

O`ry`w`j oa plscsc `t`u oahuhuo`j y`jb iadck rajh`k g`upuj p`icjb
rajh`k, hajb`j partcgd`jb`j 6
`. O`ry`w`j tarsadut su
suh`k
h`k tch
tch`o
`o sasu`c `t`u tch`
tch`o
o gagajukc sy`r`t
i`bc ujtuo gajhuhuoc plscsc f`d`t`j tarsadut darh`s`ro`j av`iu`sc
oarf` O`ry`w`j y`jb dars`jbout`j?
d. Xch`o tarsa
tarsahc`jy`
hc`jy` elrg`sc ujtuo f`d`t`j p`h` struotur lrb`jcs`sc
]arus`k``j h`i`g k`i O`ry`w`j y`jb dars`jbout`j hcgut`sco`j oa
hap`rtagaj `t`u hcvcsc i`cj?
n. ]arus`k``j gag`jh`jb O`ry`w`j gai`ouo`j

oas`i`k`j/pai`jbb`r`j
oas`i`k`j/pai`jbb`r`j sakcjbb` h`p`t hct
hcturujo`j
urujo`j f`d`t`jjy`.

4. ]ai`os`j``j pajuruj`j iavai `t`u pajn`dut`j f`d`t`j tarsadut

hctat`po`j hajb`j ^ur`t Oaputus`j h`j hcdarct`kuo`j oap`h` O`ry`w`j
y`jb dars`jbout`j gcjcg`i 1 (icg`) k`rc oarf` sadaiug pai`os`j``j
pajuruj`j `t`u pajn`dut`j tarsadut.

D@D CCC
CCC
K@O H@J OAR@FCD@J

]@^@I 3
K@O H@J OAR@FCD@J ]ATQ^@K@@J

0. K@O ]ATQ^@K@@J6
]arus`k``j dark`o ujtuo gajbaili`, gajf`i`jo`j h`j gajbagd`jbo`j
us`k` - us`k`jy` targ`suo O`ry`w`j sasu`c hajb`j oadcf`o`j

04
 

]arus`k``j hajb`j tat`p gajbcjh`ko`j oatajtu`j  „  oatajtu`j h`i`g

par`tur`j ]arus`k``j h`j sasu`c hajb`j par`tur`j parujh`jb -
ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

4. OAR@F
OAR@FCD@
CD@J
J ]AT
]ATQ^@K@@
Q^@K@@JJ6 

]arus`k``j gai`iuc paf`d`t-paf`d`tjy` `o`j gajagp`to`j h`j

gajbagd`jbo`j O`ry`w`j sasu`c hajb`j oag`gpu`j h`j oatr`gpci`j
y`jb hcgcicocjy` sasu`c hajb`j oadutuk`j ]arus`k``j sart` gagajukc
oatajtu`j-oatajtu`j h`i`g par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j.

]@^@I 0=
K@O H@J OAR@FCD@J O@TS@R@J
O @TS@R@J

0. K@O O@TS@R@J6 
`. Gajh`p`t cgd`i`j darup` Qp`k sa
sasu`c
su`c hajb`j paoarf``
paoarf``j
j h`j
t`jbbujb f`w`djy`.
d. Gajh`p`t w`otu h`j k`rc cstcr`k`t oarf` sart` nutc.
n. Hccoutsart`o`j h`i`g D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i
Oataj`b`oarf``j y`jb prlbr`gjy` gaicputc f`gcj`j oanai`o``j
oarf`, f`gcj`j oag`tc`j h`j f`gcj`j k`rc tu`, h`j f`gcj`j pajscuj.

h. Hccoutsart`o`j h`i`g D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i

Oasak`t`j.

4. OAR@FCD@J O@TS@R@J6 
`. Gai`os`j`o`j hajb`j sab`i` oag`gpu`j sagu` ]aoarf``j, tub`s-
tub`s h`j patujfuo h`j cjstruosc oarf` y`jb hcdarco`j liak
]arus`k``j gai`iuc @t`s`j I`jbsujb h`j/`t`u ^t`jh`rh Lpar`tcjb
]rlnahura (^L])  hajb`j tat`p gagpark`tco`j Oasai`g`t`j h`j

Oasak`t`j Oarf` (O >).

0>
 

d. Gaj``tc ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j.

n. Daoarf` hajb`j bc`t
bc`t,, fufur, tartcd, tap`t w`otu, taictc h`j saj`jtc`s`
dark`tc-k`tc.
h. Gajf`b` h`j gaicjhujbc hajb`j d`co sagu` par`i`t`j oarf` h`j @sat
]arus`k``j y`jb hcparbuj`o`j h`i`g daoarf` h`j/`t`u y`jb

hcparn`y`o`j oap`h`jy`. Oarus`o`j h`j oakci`jb`j d`r`jb

hco`raj`o`j oai`i`c`jjy`, hcdarco`j s`josc h`p`t darup` ^ur`t
]arcjb`t`j sart` w`fcd ujtuo gajbb`jtcjy` fco` y`jb dars`jbout`j
tarduotc dars`i`k.
a. Gajf`b` oasak`t`j, oadarsck`j h`j oar
oar`pck`j
`pck`j d
d`co
`co hc
hcrcjy`
rcjy` g
g`upuj
`upuj
Xagp`t Oarf` g`scjb-g`scjb sart` Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j.
e. Gagdarco`j oatar`jb`j y`jb sadaj`rjy` gajbaj`c ]aoarf``j
oap`h` ]arus`k``j h`i`g kudujb`j hajb`j paoarf``jjy`.
b. Gajf`b` h
h`j
`j gajycgp`
gajycgp`j
j sagu` oatar`jb`j h`j hlou
hlougaj
gaj y`jb
gag`jb k`rus hcr`k`sc`o`j o`raj` f`d`t`jjy`.
k. Gajbcoutc prlsahur oa`g`j`j h`j oasai`g`t`j oarf` y`jb dari`ou hc
]arus`k``j.
c. Darsco`p slp`j hc Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j, d`co tutur o`t` g`upuj
pardu`t`jjy`.
 f. Daroai`ouo`j d`c
d`co,
o, d`co hc h`i`g g`upuj hc iu`r ]arus`k
]arus`k``j.
``j.
o. Gajf`b` j`g` d`co ]arus`k``j.
i. Gajf`b` j`g` d`co h`j oaklrg`t`j hcrc sajhcrc, oljsugaj/ n`ilj
oljsugaj, rai`sc, t`gu ]arus`k``j darcout sagu` pck`o y`jb taro`ct
hajb`j ]arus`k``j h`i`g gai`os`j`o`j ]aoarf``j.
g. Darsahc` saw`otu-w
saw`otu-w`otu
`otu hcparcos` hc h`i`g h`j hc iu`r ]arus`k``j
]arus`k``j
`p`dci` hcpariuo`j.
j. Gajf`b` su`s`j` oarf` y`jb k
k`rgljcs
`rgljcs hc icjboujb`j oa
oarf`jy`
rf`jy`
g`scjb-g`scjb.

08
 

l. Gai`plro`j hajb`j sabar` gajbaj`c paru

parud`k`j
d`k`j st`tus oa`h``j
oaiu`rb`jy` (gajco`k, gai`kcro`j, gagcicoc `j`o, gajcjbb`i,
darnar`c, g`upuj parud`k`j tagp`t tcjbb`i) oap`h` parslj`ic`,
p`icjb i`gd`t 0 (s`tu) dui`j saf`o parud`k`j.
p. Dart`jbbujb f`w`d tark`h`p tub`s ]aoarf``j y`jb hci`ouo`j,

g`upuj y`jb parj`k hci`ouo`j h`j t`jbbujb f`w`d tarsadut tat`p

gajbco`t gasocpuj O`ry`w`j tarsadut suh`k hcgut`sc `t`upuj
prlglsc.
q. Gai`os`j`o`j ]aoarf``jjy` san`r` g`jhcrc hc h`i`g oljtaos
ollrhcj`sc oarf`.
r. Xaro`ct hajb`j pajbaili``j `ssat h`j d`r`jb y`jb gajf`hc t`jbbujb
 f`w`d O`ry`w`j d`co
d`co h`i`g r`jbo` pajbaili``j prlsas oarf`
oarf` `t`upuj
h`i`g pajb`w`s`jjy` h`j `p`dci` tarf`hc oakci`jb`j h`j/`t`u
oarus`o`j h`i`g oabc`t`j tarsadut g`o` `o`j gajf`hc dad`j
O`ry`w`j (jlt` saicsck d`r`jb) h`i`g icjboup prlsas oarf` g`scjb-
g`scjb. Oatajtu`j cjc `o`j hctu`jbo`j iadck i`jfut h`i`g ^t`jh`rh
Lpar`tcjb ]rlnahura (^L]).
s. Gagd`y`r b`jtc rubc y`jb tcgd
tcgdui
ui `ocd`t oas`i`k`j/ oai`i`c`j/
oatch`otaictc`j O`ry`w`j d`co sajb`f` g`upuj tch`o sajb`f`,
hci`ouo`j sajhcrc/ dars`g`-s`g` y`jb gajyad`do`j kci`jbjy`
d`r`jb h`j/`t`u rus`ojy` saiuruk h`j/`t`u sad`bc`j `sat
]arus`k``j g`upuj oarubc`j i`cjjy` y`jb tcgdui.
t. Gagd`y`r Axnass Ni`cg y`jb tcgdui `ocd`t r`w`t cj`p y`jb gaiadckc
icgct t`jbbujb`j r`w`t cj`p O`ry`w`j h`j t`jbbujb`jjy`.
u. Gagdarco`j oawaj`jb`j, ltlrct`s, k`o, h`j ou`s` okusu
okusus
s oap`
oap`h`
h`
]arus`k``j ujtuo gagparkctujbo`j h`j/`t`u gagltljb Qp`k
dui`j`j h`j/`t`u k`o-k`o ecj`jsc`i i`cjjy` y`jb hctarcg` O`ry`w`j
sasu`c hajb`j par`tur`j y`jb dari`ou hc ]arus`k``j `p`dci`

O`ry`w`j gagpujy`c kut`jb h`j/`t`u oaw`fcd`j ecj`jsc`i y`jb

01
 

tcgdui o`raj` oatajtu`j kurue r h`j/`t`u kurue s h`j/`t`u kuru

kuruee t
]`s`i cjc, hajb`j oatajtu`j d`kw` fugi`k saiuruk h`j sab`i` dajtuo
pltljb`j pardui`j tark`h`p Qp`k dui`j`j O`ry`w`j tch`o dliak
gaiadckc >=% (tcb` puiuk parsar`tus) h`rc fugi`k saiuruk Qp`k
pardui`j.

v. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`ouo`j `otcect`s hc slnc`i gahc`  `ouj

 @ie`g`rt, w`fcd gaj``tc oatajtu`j y`jb tai`k hctat`po`j liak ^ur`t
Oaputus`j Hcraosc.

D@D CU
K@TC H@J
H@J F
F@G
@G OATF@ ^AT
^ATX@
X@ OATF@ IAGDQT

]@^@I 00

K@TC H@J F@G O AT

ATF@
F@

0. R`otu oarf` `h`i`k 8= (agp`t puiuk) f`g sagcjbbu y`jb pai`os`j``jjy`

hc`tur tarsajhcrc sasu`c hajb`j oadutuk`j lpar`sclj`i ]arus`k``j
hajb`j f`g cstcr`k`t sai`g` 0 (s`tu) f`g sak`rc.

4. Oatajtu`j R`otu oarf` sad`b`cg`j` hcg`osuh h`i`g `y`t (0) tch`

tch`o
o
dari`ou d`bc paoarf``j tartajtu, y`jb o`raj` sce`t paoarf``jy` tch`o h`p`t

hctar`po`j f`g oarf` sasu`c hajb`j `y`t (0).

>. Oatajtu`j gajbaj`c w`otu oarf` d`bc pa

paoarf``j
oarf``j tartaj
tartajtu
tu sad`b`cg`j`
sad`b`cg`j`
hcg`osuh h`i`g `y`t (4) `o`j hc`tur h`i`g ^t`jh`r Lpar`tcjb ]rlsahur
(^L]), hajb`j tch`o gai`jbb`r oatajtu`j par`tur`j parujh`jb-
ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

05
 

8. D`bc O`ry`w`j skcet, k`rc oarf` h`j f`g oarf`jy` hc`tur san`r` tarsajhcrc.
]agd`bc`j k`rc oarf` h`j skcet oarf` hcsasu`co`j hajb`j oadutuk`j,
hajb`j tch`o gai`jbb`r oatajtu`j par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb
dari`ou.

1. K`rc oarf` Qjct Oarf` par ilo`sc6

`. K`rc Oarf` O`ry`w`j o`jtlr `h `h`i`k
`i`k 1 k`rc oarf` h`j 4 k`rc icdur.
d. K`rc Oarf` O`ry`
O`ry`w`j
w`j lpa
lpar`sclj`i
r`sclj`i buh
buh`jb
`jb `h`i`k 5 k`rc oarf` h`
h`j
j 0
k`rc icdur.
n. K`rc Oarf` O`ry`w`j lpar`sclj`i tlol hcsa
hcsar`ko`j
r`ko`j p`h` lpar`sclj`i
tlol hajb`j gajbcoutc par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

5. @p`dci` hcp`jh`jb pariu hco`raj`o`j oa`h``j y`jb ggag`os`

ag`os` `t`upuj
tarf`hc sasu`tu k`i g`o` ]arus`k``j h`p`t garud`k k`rc h`j f`g oarf`
tarsadut hajb`j tat`p gajb`nu p`h` par`tur`j parujh`jb`j y`jb
dari`ou.

]@^@I 04
OATF@ IAGDQT

0. Oarf` iagdu
iagdurr `h`i`k satc`p paoarf``
paoarf``j
j y`jb hci`ouo`j hc iu`r f`g oarf`
y`jb tai`k hctat`po`j.

4. Oarf` ia
iagdur
gdur sce`tjy` `h`i`
`h`i`k
k suo`ra
suo`rai`
i` h`j hci`ouo`j ujtuo paoa
paoarf``j-
rf``j-
paoarf``j y`jb `p`dci` tch`o hcsaias`co`j `o`j gajb`ocd`to`j d`k`y`
d`bc oasak`t`j h`j/`t`u oasai`g`t`j lr`jb, `o`j gagd`k`y`o`j
h`j/`t`u gajcgduio`j oarubc`j d`bc ]arus`k``j h`j/`t`u g`sy`r`o`t,
h`j h`i`g k`i oljhcsc h`rur`t `t`u gajhas`o.

>. ]arkctujb`j Qp`k iagdur sasu`c hajb`j par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j

02
 

y`jb dari`ou.

8. ^ur`t parcjt`k iiagdur

agdur y`jb hcsatufuc @t`s`j I`jbsujb gcjcg`i satcjbo`t
g`j`bar sart` duotc k`hcr garup`o`j parsy`r`t`j y`jb k`rus hcpajukc
ujtuo h`p`t hcd`y`ro`jjy` Qp`k iagdur.

1. ]arf`i`j`j hcj`s y`j

y`jb
b hci`ouo`j p`h` k`
k`rc
rc icdur/ hc iu`r f`g oarf` tch`o
h`p`t hcparkctujbo`j sad`b`c Oarf` Iagdur, o`raj` parf`i`j`j hcj`s
tarsadut gagcicoc oatajtu`j tarsajhcrc.

5. Xch`o targ`suo h`i`g oatajtu`j O

Oarf`
arf` Iag
Iagdur
dur cjc `h`i`k pajyaias`c`j
]aoarf``j y`jb hci`ouo`j ujtuo gagajukc t`jbbujb f`w`d ]aoarf``j
y`jb tch`o saias`c p`h` w`otu y`jb tai`k hctajtuo`j o`raj` oai`i`c`j
O`ry`w`j.

2. O`ry`w`j y`
y`jb
jb dark`o g
gajh`p`to`j
ajh`p`to`j Q
Qp`k
p`k Iagdur `h`i`k o`ry`
o`ry`w`j
w`j
hajb`j br`ha 0-8.

;. O`ry`w`j br`ha 1-0= y`j

y`jb
b d
dark`o
ark`o gajh`p`to`j cjsajtce oarf` t`gd`k`j
h`j iadck i`jfut hc`tur h`i`g ^L].

D@D U
K@TC ICDQT, NQXC
NQXC H@J CF
CFCJ
CJ GA
GAJCJ
JCJBB@IO
BB@IO@J
@J ]AOATF@
]AOATF@@J
@J

]@^@I 0>
K@TC ICDQT ]AT
]ATQ^@K@@J
Q^@K@@J

0. K`rc icdur y`jb hc`ouc l

liak
iak ]arus`k``j `h`i`k k`rc icdur rasgc y`jb
hctat`po`j liak pagarcjt`k satc`p t`kujjy`.

0;
 

4. K`rc icdur g
gcjbbu`j
cjbbu`j d`bc O`ry`w`j ujct oarf` lpa
lpar`sclj`i
r`sclj`i tch`o w`fcd f`tuk
p`h` satc`p k`rc ^`dtu/Gcjbbu, `o`j tat`pc h`p`t hc`icko`j p`h` k`rc
i`cjjy` sasu`c hajb`j oadutuk`j ]arus`k``j.

]@^@I 08
NQXC X@KQJ@J
X@KQJ@J

0. O`ry`w`j dark`o `t`s nutc t`kuj`j satc`p o`ic satai`k gagpujy`c g`s`
oarf` 04 (hu` dai`s) dui`j darturut-turut sad`jy`o 04 (hu` dai`s) k`rc
oarf` hajb`j gajh`p`to`j up`k pajuk.

4. Gajbcjb`t oapajtcjb`j ]arus`k``j, G`j`fagaj h`j/`t`u ollrhcj`tlr

h`p`t gajb`tur pajb`gdci`j Nutc X`kuj`j O`ry`w`j h`j t`gd`k`jjy`
sakcjbb` tch`o gajbb`jbbu lpar`sclj`i ]arus`k``j.

>. D`bc O`ry`w`j y`jb k`o nutc

nutcjy`
jy` daiug hc`gdci, d
d`co
`co o`raj` `i`s`j
sajhcrc `t`u o`raj` `i`s`j pajujh``j h`j pargcjt``j liak ]arus`k``j
s`gp`c hajb`j dui`j Hasagdar t`kuj darf`i`j, hcdarc oasagp`t`j ujtuo
gajb`gdci nutc tarsadut s`gp`c sai`gd`t-i`gd`tjy` dui`j oa > (tcb`)
t`kuj darcoutjy` hajb`j gajb`fuo`j parglklj`j san`r` tartuics/`pico`sc
ljicja.

8. Hc Dui`j Hasagdar  ]arus`k``j `o`j gagdarct`kuo`j oap`h` O`ry`w`j

gajbaj`c scs` nutc y`jb `o`j bubur dci` tch`o hcparbuj`o`j kcjbb` dui`j
G`rat t`kuj darf`i`j.
G`rat 

1. Nutc dars`g` y`jb hctat`po`j liak ]agarcjt`k hcparkctujbo`j hajb`j

gajbur`jbc k`o Nutc X`kuj`j.

03
 

5. O`ry`w`j hajb`j g
g`s`
`s` oarf` iadck h`rc 1 (icg`) t`kuj h`j oaicp`t`jjy`
`o`j gajh`p`to`j nutc t`gd`k`j sai`g` 1 (icg`) k`rc oarf` k`jy` hc
t`kuj darcoutjy`. ^ahagcoc`j O`ry`w`j y`jb dark`o `t`s nutc t`gd`k`j
p`h` t`kuj oa-aj`g gagcicoc tlt`i nutc sai`g` 02 k`rc oarf`.

2. Nutc X`kuj`j h`j nutc t`gd`k`j tch`o h`p`t hcu`jbo`j.

;. D`bc O`ry`w`j y`jb `o`j gajbbuj`o`j nutc t`kuj`jjy` k`rus

gajb`fuo`j parglklj`j gai`iuc `pico`sc nutc ljicja gcjcg`i 4 (hu`)
gcjbbu sadaiug pai`os`j``j nutcjy`.

3. O`ry`w`j y`jb tch`o k`hcr p`h` k`rc oarf`jy` t`jp` cfcj `t`u t`jp`
gagdarct`kuo`j `t`s`jjy`, hc`jbb`p tch`o k`hcr t`jp` cfcj/ g`jbocr h`j
h`p`t hcdarc sur`t parcjb`t`j. Fugi`k k`rc oatch`ok`hcr`j o`raj` g`jbocr
`o`j gajbur`jbc scs` nutc t`kuj`j.

0=. O`ry`w`j w`fcd gai`ouo`j oljecrg`sc oak`hcr`j hc @pico`sc ljicja,

`p`dci` O`ry`w`j tch`o gagcicoc duotc oak`hcr`j san`r` iajbo`p (f`g
oah`t`jb`j/g`suo h`j f`g oapui`jb`j/oaiu`r) g`oscg`i t`jbb`i 1 hc
dui`j darcoutjy`. Fco` tch`o `h` oljecrg`sc oak`hcr`j sasu`c d`t`s w`otu
y`jb hc tajtuo`j g`o` `o`j hcparkctujbo`j hajb`j k`o nutc t`kuj`j.

00. @ougui`sc oatari`gd`t`j h`j/`t`u oaour`jb`j f`g oarf` O`ry`w`j `o`j

hcparkctujbo`j ujtuo gajbur`jbc Nutc X`kuj`j (8;= gajct oatari`gd`t`j
h`j/`t`u oaour`jb`j f`g oarf` `o`j gajbur`jbc 0 k`rc Nutc t`kuj`j h`j
`ougui`sc satarusjy`).

4=
 

]@^@I 01
C^XCT@K@X K@CH, GAI@KCTO@J, H@J OABQBQT@J

0. O`ry`w`j w`jct` p`h` k`rc part`g` h`j oahu` w`otu k`c

k`ch
h gar`s`
gar`s`o`j
o`j
s`oct, hcpardliako`j ujtuo tch`o g`suo daoarf` hajb`j sapajbat`ku`j

h`j sacfcj `t`s`j y`jb darwaj`jb h`j gajyart`o`j sur`t hlotar.

4. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j w`jct` k`gci dark`o `t`

`t`s
s cstcr`k`t gai`kcro`j sai`g` 0
· (s`tu satajb`k) dui`j darturut-turut sadaiug gai`kcro`j h`j 0 · (s`tu
satajb`k) dui`j darturut-turut sasuh`k gai`kcro`j hajb`j gajh`p`to`j
Qp`k pajuk.

>. ^atc`p O
O`ry`w`j
`ry`w`j w`jct` y`jb kaj
kajh`o
h`o gajb`gdc
gajb`gdcii cstcr`k`t gai`kcro`j
daroaw`fcd`j 6
`. Gajy`gp`co`j sur`t parglklj`j y`jb hcsart`c sur`t oatar`jb`j h`rc
hlotar `t`u dch`j oap`h` parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j sai`gd`t-i`gd`tjy`
>= (tcb` puiuk) k`rc sadaiug pai`os`j``j cstcr`k`t gai`kcro`j?
d. Gajyar`ko`j eltlolpc `ota oai`kcr`j `j`o y`jb i`kcr oap`h`
parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j sai`gd`t-i`gd`tjy` 8= (agp`t puiuk) k`rc
tarkctujb saf`o oai`kcr`j.

8. ^atc`p o`ry`w`j w`jct` k`gci dark`o `t`s cstcr`k`t `ocd`t oabubur`j

sai`g` 0,1 (s`tu satajb`k) dui`j darturut-turut sasuh`k gajb`i`gc
oabubur`j hajb`j gajh`p`to`j up`k pajuk hajb`j gajyart`o`j sur`t
oatar`jb`j h`rc hlotar.

40
 

]@^@I 05
CFCJ GAJCJB
GAJCJBB@IO
B@IO @J ]AOAT
]AOATF@
F@ @J HAJB@J GAJ
GAJH@]@XO@
H@]@XO@JJ Q]@K

0. O`ry`w`j h`p`t hcdarco`j cfcj gajcjbb`io`j paoarf``j hajb`j

gajh`p`to`j Qp`k fco` `i`s`j-`i`s`j y`jb k`rus hc`fuo`j sadaiugjy`

h`p`t hctarcg` liak ]arus`k``j. H`i`g oa`h``j gajhas`o `i`s`j-

`i`s`j tarsadut h`p`t hc`fuo`j sasuh`kjy`.

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb dark`o gajh`p`to`j cfcj gajcjbb`io`j paoarf``j hajb`j

gajh`p`t Qp`k `t`s oapajtcjb`j 6
`. ]arjco`k`j O`ry`w`j sajhcrc > k`rc
d. O`ry`w`j gajco`ko`j `j`ojy` 4 k`rc
n. ]ajbokct`j`j `j`o 4 k`rc

h. D`ptcs/ parg`jhc`j d`bc O`ry`w`j h`j/`t`u oaiu`rb` 4 k`rc

cjtcjy`
a. ]ltljb bcbc d`bc O`ry`w`j h`j/`t`u oaiu`rb` cjtcjy` 4 k`rc
y`jb dar`b`g` Kcjhu
e. Cstrc s`k O`ry`w`j gai`kcro`j/oabubur`j o`jhujb`j 4 k`rc
b. Olrd`j d`jfcr/oad`o`r`j h`j dajn`j` `i`g 4 k`rc
k. Oaiu`rb` O`ry`w`j (cstrc/su`gc, `j`o, lr`jb tu`/ 4 k`rc
gartu` O`ry`w`j) gajcjbb`i hujc`
c. ^`uh`r` sao`jhujb O`ry`w`j gajcjbb`i hujc` 4 k`rc
 f. ^`uh`r` cp`r O`ry`w`j g
gajcjbb`i
ajcjbb`i hujc` 0 k`rc
o. Lr`jb sarug`k O`ry`w`j gajcjbb`i 0 k`rc
i. H`i`g o`sus b`w`t h`rur`t (hcou`to`j hajb`j sur`t 0 k`rc
oatar`jb`j h`rc Tug`k ^`oct) O`ry`w`j hcdarco`j cfcj
gajb`jt`r oaiu`rb` oa Tug`k ^`oct

44
 

>. ]ajb`gdci`j k`o `t`s Cfcj Gajc

Gajcjbb`io`j
jbb`io`j ]a
]aoarf``j
oarf``j haj
hajb`j
b`j Gajh`
Gajh`p`t
p`t
Qp`k sad`b`cg`j` hcsadut `y`t (4) ]`s`i cjc, k`jy` h`p`t hc`gdci p`h`
s``t parcstcw` ctu tarf`hc, oanu`ic `y`t (4) kurue `, pajb`gdci`j k`o h`p`t
hci`ouo`j p`h` s``t `o`h jco`k `t`u rasapsc parjco`k`j.

8. O`ry`w`j gcj
gcjcg`i
cg`i 0 (s`tu) t`kuj h`p`t gajb`gdc
gajb`gdcii cfcj gajc
gajcjbb`io`j
jbb`io`j
paoarf``j ujtuo oapariu`j gajuj`co`j cd`h`k `t`u `b`g`jy` hajb`j
gajujfuoo`j oa ]arus`k``j duotc-duotc y`jb h`p`t
hcpart`jbbujbf`w`do`j hajb`j gajh`p`t Qp`k pajuk, hajb`j
oatajtu`j6
`. I`g` cfcj tarsadut hcsasu`co`j hajb`j oadutuk`j y`jb hcparou`t liak
duotc/oatar`jb`j s`k h`rc Oagajtarc`j @b`g`.
d. G`oscg`i pajb`gdci`j cfcj cjc k`jy` 0 (s`tu) o`ic h`i`g g`s` oarf`.

n. Cfcj hc`fuo`j > (tcb`) dui`j sadaiugjy` hajb`j gajb`fuo`j hlougaj

pajhuoujb y`jb s`k p`icjb i`gd`t 0 (s`tu) dui`j sadaiug
pai`os`j``j cfcj.
h. ]ai`os`j``j czcj cd`h`k oa`b`g``j hcg
hcgui`c
ui`c 0 (s`tu) k`rc sadaiug
t`jbb`i rasgc oadar`jbo`t`j h`j paoarf` y`jb dars`jbout`j w`fcd
g`suo daoarf` oagd`ic p`icjb i`gd`t 0 (s`tu) k`rc satai`k t`jbb`i
oapui`jb`j cd`h`k oa`b`g``j h`j/`t`u hci`os`j`o`j sasu`c hajb`j
 f`hw`i y`jb hctat`po`j
hctat`po`j pagarcjt`k.
a. Cd`h`k oa`b`g``j y`jb hcg`osuh `h`i`k cd`h`k K`fc `t`u Qgrlk
d`bc y`jb dar`b`g` Csi`g `t`u cd`h`k d`bc `b`g` i`cjjy` y`jb
hci`os`j`o`j hc iu`r jabarc. 

4>
 

]@^@I 02
CFCJ GAJCJ
GAJCJBB@IO
BB@IO@J
@J ]AOATF@@ J X@J]@ Q]@K

0. O`ry`w`j h`p`t gajb`fuo`j parglklj`j ujtuo gajcjbb`io`j ]aoarf``j

p`icjb i`g` sai`g` 04 (hu` dai`s) dui`j ujtuo gai`os`j`o`j pajhchco`j

`t`s dc`y` sajhcrc `t`u da`scsw`. @t`s parglklj`j cjc ]arus`k``j

dark`o h`j darwaj`jb ujtuo gajli`o parglklj`j O`ry`w`j tarsadut.

4. ]arglklj`j w`fcd hc
hcs`gp`co`j
s`gp`co`j oap`h` ]a
]arus`k``j
rus`k``j p
p`icjb
`icjb i`gd`
i`gd`tt >=
(tcb` puiuk) k`rc sadaiug t`jbb`i aeaotce O`ry`w`j gajb`gdci cfcj.

>. ^atai`k g`
g`s`
s` cfcj dar`okcr, O`ry`w`j h`p`
h`p`tt oagd`ic d
daoarf`
aoarf` hajb`j
 f`d`t`j h`j tagp`t oarf`
oarf` y`jb hcsasu`co`j hajb`j
hajb`j oljhcsc s``t ctu.

8. Cfcj sad`b`cg`j` hcsad

hcsadut
ut p`h` `y`t (0) ]`s`i cjc garup`o`j
garup`o`j cfcj
gajcjbb`io`j paoarf``j t`jp` gajh`p`to`j Qp`k.

D@D UC
]AJBQ
]AJBQ]@K@J
]@K@J H@J ]AJCI@C@J K@
K@^C
^CI
I OATF@

]@^@I 0;
]AJBQ]@K@J

0. Qp`k hcda
hcdarco`j
rco`j oap`h` O`ry`w`j sai`g` tarf`hcj
tarf`hcjy`
y` kudujb`j oarf`,
y`jb olgpljaj Qp`k tarsadut tarhcrc h`rc Qp`k ]lolo h`j Xujf`jb`j
Xat`p.

48
 

4. Das`r`j Qp`k hctajtuo`j B

Br`hcjb
r`hcjb h`j/`t`u f`d`t`j O`ry`w`j h`j Qp`k
tarajh`k tch`o iadck oanci h`rc Qp`k Gcjcgug y`jb hctajtuo`j ]agarcjt`k
Tapudico Cjhljasc`.

>. O`ry`w`j ga
gajarcg`
jarcg` Qp`k y`jb hcd`y`ro`j h`i`g g`
g`t`
t` u`jb Tupc`k

satc`p `okcr dui`j gai`iuc d`jo y`jb hctujfuo liak ]arus`k``j.

8. O`ry`w`j daroaw`fcd`j gagduo` raoajcjb hajb`j d

dc`y`
c`y` sajhcrc hc d`jo
y`jb hctujfuo ]arus`k``j ujtuo pagd`y`r`j Qp`k h`j gaj`jbbujb
dad`j `hgcjcstr`sc dui`j`j `t`s raoajcjb tarsadut.

1. Qp`k y`jb hctarcg`

hctarcg` O
O`ry`w`j
`ry`w`j `o`j hcpltljb ujtuo Xuj
Xujf`jb`j
f`jb`j K`rc Xu`
(XKX), D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i (D]F^) Oasak`t`j h`j

]ajscuj sart` ]`f`o ]ajbk`sci`j (]pk 40) sasu`c oatajtu`j dari`ou.

5. @t`s pagd`y`r`j Qp`k, ]arus`k``j `o`j gajbcrcgo`j duotc

pagd`y`r`j up`k `t`u sicp up`k gai`iuc ag`ci prcd`hc o`ry`w`j.

2. @p`dci` O`ry`w`j g
g`jbocr,
`jbocr, g`o` Qp`kjy` tch`o hcd`y`r safugi`k k`rc
g`jbocrjy`.

;. ]arus`k``j gagdarc
gagdarco`j
o`j Xujf`jb`j X
Xat`p
at`p darup` Xujf`jb`j Q
Q`jb
`jb
G`o`j y`jb hcdarco`j h`i`g dajtuo u`jb y`jb fugi`kjy` s`g` tc`p
dui`jjy`.

3. O`ry`w`j y`j
y`jb
b gagcicoc f`d
f`d`t`j
`t`j tartajtu hc h`i`g ]arus`k``j
]arus`k``j `o`j
gagparliak Xujf`jb`j F`d`t`j. @p`dci` O`ry`w`j tch`o i`bc gag`jbou
 f`d`t`j tarsadut, g`o` Xujf`jb`j F`d`t`jjy` san`r` ltlg`tcs `o`j

kci`jb hajb`j sajhcrcjy`.

41
 

0=. Das`r`j Xujf`jb`j G`o`j h`j Xujf`jb`j F`d`t`j hctajtuo`j tarsajhcrc

hajb`j hch`s`ro`j ^ur`t Oaputus`j Hcraosc.

]@^@I 03
]AJCJ
]AJCJF@
F@Q@J
Q@J Q]
Q]@K
@K ^AN
^AN@T@
@T@ D
DATO@I
ATO@I@
@

]arus`k``j `o`j gai`ouo`j pajcjf`u`j oagd`ic Qp`k ]lolo O`ry`w`j y`jb

hci`ouo`j san`r` daro`i` hc dui`j F`ju`rc, hajb`j hch`s`ro`j prlhuotcvct`s
h`j oag`gpu`j ]arus`k``j.

]@^@I 4=
ELTNA
ELTNA G@
G@FAQTA
FAQTA

 @p`dci` tarf`hc bafli`o cjei`sc hciu`r h`rc oljhcsc jlrg`i hajb`j p`r`gatar
cjhaos Dcrl ]us`t ^t`tcstco tai`k gajn`p`c >1% (tcb` puiuk icg` parsaj),
]arus`k``j `o`j gajb`h`o`j r`p`t h`i`g r`jbo` gajajtuo`j i`jbo`k-
i`jbo`k y`jb `o`j hc`gdci liak ]arus`k``j.

]@^@I 40
XQJF@JB@J
XQJF@JB@ J K@TC T@S@ (XKT
(XKT))

0. Xujf`jb`j K`rc T`y` h

hcdarco`j
cdarco`j oap`h` O`ry`w`j p`icjb i`gd`t 2 (tu
(tufuk)
fuk)
k`rc oarf` sadaiug K`rc T`y` Oa`b`g``j.

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb g
gagpujy`c
agpujy`c g`s` oar
oarf`
f` 0 (s`tu) d
dui`j
ui`j tat`pc our`jb h`rc
04 (hu` dai`s) dui`j san`r` tarus gajarus hcdarco`j XKT san`r`
prlplrsclj`i hajb`j g`s` oarf` y`ojc hajb`j parkctujb`j fugi`k g`s`
oarf` hco`ic 0 (s`tu) dui`j up`k hcd`bc 04 (hu` dai`s).

45
 

>. O`ry`w`j y`jb tai`k gagpujy`c g`s` oarf`

oarf` 04 (hu` dai`s) dui`j `
`t`u
t`u
iadck `o`j hcdarco`j XKT sadas`r 0 (s`tu) dui`j Qp`k.

8. O`ry`w`j y`jb kudujb`j oar

oarf`jy`
f`jy` d
darh`s`ro`j
arh`s`ro`j parf`jfc`j oarf` w
w`otu
`otu
tch`o tartajtu h`j gajb`i`gc pagutus`j kudujb`j oarf` tarkctujb saf`o
>= (tcb` puiuk) k`rc sadaiug k`rc r`y` oa`b`g``j, dark`o `t`s XKT
Oa`b`g``j.

1. Oatajtu`j sad`b`cg`j` hc
hcg`osuh
g`osuh p`h` `y`t ((8)
8) tch
tch`o
`o da
dari`ou
ri`ou d`bc
o`ry`w`j y`jb kudujb`j oarf`jy` darh`s`ro`j parf`jfc`j oarf` w`otu
tartajtu, y`jb dar`okcr sadaiug k`rc r`y` oa`b`g``j.

]@^@I 44
Q]@K
Q]@K ^AI@G@ ^@OCX

0. Hajb`j darpahlg`j p`h` pa

par`tur`j
r`tur`j p
parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j,
arujh`jb-ujh`jb`j, O
O`ry`w`j
`ry`w`j
y`jb tch`o g`suo oarf` o`raj` s`oct y`jb nuoup i`g` h`j tarus gajarus
tat`p dark`o `t`s Qp`k hajb`j oatajtu`j sad`b`c darcout 6  
G`s`
G`s` / I`g`jy` ^`
^`oc
octt Qp`k S`
S`jb
jb hcd arco`j
Qjtuo 8 (agp`t) dui`j part`g` 0==% Qp`k pajuk
Qjtuo 8 (agp`t) dui`j oahu` 21% Qp`k pajuk
Qjtuo 8 (agp`t) dui`j oatcb` 1=% Qp`k pajuk
Qjtuo dui`j sai`jfutjy` 41% Qp`k pajuk

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb tch`o h

h`p`t
`p`t daoa
daoarf`
rf` iadc
iadck
k h`
h`rc
rc 0 (s`tu) t`kuj
t`kuj pa
pajuk
juk san`
san`r`
r`
tarus-gajarus `t`s h`s`r partcgd`jb`j oasak`t`j y`jb hcjy`t`o`j liak
hlotar, h`p`t hci`ouo`j ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf` y`jb
pai`os`j``jjy` darpahlg`j p`h` oatajtu`j par`tur`j parujh`jb-

ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

42
 

>. O`ry`w`j y`jb gajb`i`gc s`oct daroap`jf`jb`j, gajb`i`gc n`n`t `ocd`t

Oanai`o``j Oarf` h`j tch`o h`p`t gai`ouo`j paoarf``jjy` satai`k
gai`gpuc iadck h`rc 04 (hu` dai`s) dui`j sart` `t`s h`s`r partcgd`jb`j
oasak`t`j y`jb hcjy`t`o`j hlotar, h`p`t gajb`fuo`j ]agutus`j
Kudujb`j Oarf` y`jb pai`os`j``jjy` darpahlg`j p`h` oatajtu`j

par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

]@^@I 4>
]AJCI@C@J K@^CI OATF@

0. ]ajci`c`j prast`
prast`sc
sc oarf` hci`ouo`j liak `t`s`j i`jb
i`jbsujb/`t`s`j
sujb/`t`s`j tch`o
i`jbsujb paoarf` ujtuo br`ha tartajtu, gcjcg`i 0 (s`tu) o`ic h`i`g
sat`kuj gajbbuj`o`j elrguicr y`jb tai`k hctajtuo`j `t`u iaw`t `pico`sc
y`jb hc`tur h`i`g ^L].

4. K`sci pajci`c`j prast`sc hcbuj`o`j ]arus`k``j sad`b`c d`k`j

partcgd`jb`j ujtuo6
`. h`s`r oaj`co`j Qp`k ]lolo h`j/`t`u Qp`k?
d. oapajtcjb`j parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j?
n. pagdarc`j pajbk`rb``j oap`h` O`ry`w`j?

h. pajbcoutsart``j hc pai`tck`j-pai`tck`j? `t`u

a. oapajtcjb`j i`cjjy` sasu`c hajb`j oadutuk`j y`jb hctat`po`j.

>. ]ajci`c`j O`ry`w`j hci`ouo`j `t`s`j i`jbsujb O`ry`w`j y`jb

dars`jbout`j h`j hcoat`kuc sart` hcsatufuc `t`s`j pajci`c `b`r tarn`p`c k`i
y`jb ldyaotce.

8. Kug`j N`pct`i dart`jbbujb f`w`d `t`s pajb`h``j h`t` h`j pajb`rscp`j

k`sci pajci`c`j O`ry`w`j h`rc saiuruk hcvcsc h`j hap`rtagaj.

4;
 

]@^@I 48
]AJBK@TB@@J

0. O`ry`w`j y`jb gagcicoc prast`sc tartajtu `o`j gajh`p`to`j

pajbk`rb``j h`rc ]arus`k``j.

4. Dajtuo h`j t`t` n`r` pagdarc`j ]ajbk`

]ajbk`rb``j
rb``j `o`j hc`tur iadck i`jfut
hajb`j ^ur`t Oaputus`j Hcraosc.

D@D UC
UCCC
OA^AI@G@X@J,
OA^AI@G@X@ J, OA^AK@X@J H
H@J
@J OA^AF@KXAT@@J OATF@

]@^@I 41
^AT@B@G
^AT@B@G OATF@ H@J ]AT
]ATIAJBO@]@J
IAJBO@]@J O
OAT
ATF@
F@

0. Qjtuo hap`rtagaj `t`u d`bc`j tartajtu, ]arus`k``j gajyahc`o`j

sar`b`g oarf` sart` pariajbo`p`j oarf` y`jb fugi`k, w`rj` h`j fajcsjy`
hctajtuo`j liak ]arus`k``j.

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb tai`k gajarcg` sar`b`g oarf` tat`pc tch`

tch`o
o ga
gajbaj`o`j
jbaj`o`j
sar`b`g oarf` p`h` w`otu h`j k`rc oarf`, h`p`t hcgcjt` ujtuo
gajcjbb`io`j tagp`t oarf` h`j hcparkctujbo`j g`jbocr.

>. ^ar`b`g h`j pariajbo`p`j oarf` `h`i`k gcico ]arus`k``j. @p`dci`

O`ry`w`j gajbujhuro`j hcrc `t`u tarf`hc ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf`,
g`o` sar`b`g h`j pariajbo`p`j oarf` liak y`jb dars`jbout`j w`fcd
hcoagd`ico`j sasu`c hajb`j y`jb hct`jh`t`jb`jc h`i`g elrg pajyar`k`j

d`r`jb (Nia`rajna ^kaat).

43
 

]@^@I 45
F@GCJ
F@ GCJ@J
@J ^L^C
^L^C@I
@I H@J OA^AF@KXAT
OA^AF@KXAT@@
@@ J O@TS@R@J

0. ]arus`k``j gajbcouto`j O`ry`w`j y`jb darusc` hcd`w`k 11 (icg` puiuk

icg`) t`kuj h`i`g prlbr`g D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i

Oataj`b`oarf``j y`jb gaicputc 6

`. F`gcj`j Oanai`o``j Oarf` ( FOO )
d. F`gcj`j Oag`tc`j ( FO )
n. F`gcj`j K`rc Xu` ( FKX )
h. F`gcj`j ]ajscuj (F])

4. Das`r`j cur`j D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^l

^lsc`i
sc`i Oataj`b
Oataj`b`oarf``j
`oarf``j
satc`p dui`jjy` sadas`r 3,48% (sagdci`j olg` hu` puiuk agp`t parsaj)
h`rc Qp`k O`ry`w`j, hajb`j pagd`bc`j6
`. O`ry`w`j satc`p dui`jjy` gagd`y`ro`j sadas`r >,==% (tcb`
parsaj)?
d. ]arus`k``j gagd`y`ro`j 5,48%
5,48% (aj`g olg` hu` puiuk agp`
agp`tt
parsaj).

>. ]arus`k``j gajbcoutsart`o`j O`ry`w`j h`i`g prlbr`g F`gcj`j

]agaick`r``j Oasak`t`j y`jb hcsaiajbb`r`o`j liak D`h`j
]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i Oasak`t`j.

8. Das`r`j cur`j D`h`j ]

]ajyaiajbb`r`
ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i
^lsc`i Oa
Oasak`t`j
sak`t`j sa
satc`p
tc`p
dui`jjy` sadas`r 1,==% (icg` parsaj) h`rc Qp`k O`ry`w`j, hajb`j
pagd`bc`j6
`. O`ry`w`j satc`p dui`jjy` gagd`y`ro`j sadas`r 0,==% (s`tu
parsaj).

d. ]arus`k``j gagd`y`ro`j 8,==% (agp`t parsaj).

>=
 

1. O`ry`w`j w`jct` y`jb tai`k gajco`k h

hc`jbb`p
c`jbb`p sad`b`c i`f`jb
i`f`jb,, oanu`ic
 f`jh` hajb`j t`jbbujb`j h`j/`t`u su`gcjy` tch`o daoarf` san`r` `otce
hajb`j gajb`fuo`j parglklj`j tartuics y`jb hci`gpcrc hajb`j sur`t
oatar`jb`j y`jb hcoat`kuc liak sarajh`k-rajh`kjy` N`g`t h`j
gajh`p`to`j parsatufu`j Hcraosc taro`ct.

5. O`ry`w`j y`jb gajco`k sas`g` OO`ry`w`j

`ry`w`j ]ar
]arus`k``j,
us`k``j, k`jy` `o`j
gajh`p`to`j 0 (s`tu) f`gcj`j pagaick`r``j oasak`t`j `t`s j`g`
O`ry`w`j prc`.

]@^@I 42
OANAI@O@@J OATF@

0. ]arus`k``j `o`j gaj`

gaj`jbbujb
jbbujb sab
sab`i`
`i` dc`y
dc`y`
` par`w`t`j h`j b`j
b`jtc
tc rubc
`t`s O`ry`w`j y`jb gajb`i`gc oanai`o``j oarf` h`j gajb`ocd`to`j
n`n`t ecsco tat`p, sasu`c hajb`j par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb
dari`ou.

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb tai`k hccoutsart`o`j h`i`g prlbr`g F`gcj`j Oanai`o``j

Oarf` hc D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i Oataj`b`oarf``j, g`o`
`o`j hcpart`jbbujbo`j iaw`t D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i
Oataj`b`oarf``j h`j/`t`u Oasak`t`j.

]@^@I 4;
Q@JB HQO@
HQO@

 @p`dci` O`ry`w`j gajcjbb`i hujc` g`o` @kic R`rcs s`k y`jb tarh`t` hc
]arus`k``j `o`j gajh`p`to`j 6

>0
 

0. K`o-k`o O`ry`w`j tarsadut sasu`c hajb`j oatajtu`j par`tur`j

parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou?
4. ^`jtuj`j Oag
Oag`tc`j,
`tc`j, Dc`y` ]
]ag`o`g`j,
ag`o`g`j, h`j Xujf`jb`j da
daro`i`
ro`i` h`rc
D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j ^lsc`i Oataj`b`oarf``j h`j/`t`u D]F^
Oasak`t`j. 

]@^@I 43
D@JXQ@J
D@JXQ@J D
DAJ
AJN@J@
N@J@ @I @G

0. ]arus`k``j gagdarco`j D`jtu`j Dajn`j` @i`g oap`h` O`ry`w`j y`jb

taroaj` guscd`k dajn`j` `i`g s`gp`c gajb`ocd`to`j oakci`jb`j k`rt`
dajh`.

4. ]ajci`c`j `t`s O O`ry`w`j

`ry`w`j y`jb dark`o gaja gajarcg`
rcg` d`jtu`j cjc `o`j
hctajtuo`j tcg tarsajhcrc y`jb hcdajtuo liak ]arus`k``j.

>. G`oscgug D`jtu`j Dajn`j` @i`g y`jb hcdarco`j ]arus`k``j sadas`r

Tp. 0.===.=== (s`tu fut` rupc`k)? y`jb das`r`jjjy` hctat`po`j liak
Hcraosc.

]@^@I >=
D@JXQ
D@ JXQ@J
@J ]ATJC
]ATJCO@
O@K@J
K@J

0. ]arus`k``j gagdarco`j D`jtu`j ]arjco`k`j darup` u`jb ujtuo 0 (s`tu)

o`ic parjco`k`j part`g` O`ry`w`j sajci`c Tp.2==.===,- (tufuk r`tus rcdu
rupc`k).

>4
 

4. ]arjco`k`j `jt`r O`ry`w`j k`jy` hcdarco`j D`jtu`j ]arjco`k`j sajci`c

Tp.2==.===,- (tufuk r`tus rcdu rupc`k).

>. O`ry`w`j h`p`t gajb`gdci D`jtu`j ]arjco`k`j cjc hajb`j gai`gpcro`j

duotc ltajtco, sai`gd`t-i`gd`tjy` 4 (hu`) dui`j saf`o t`jbb`i parjco`k`j.  

]@^@I >0
K@HC@K QJXQO
QJXQO @J@
@J@OO O @TS@R@J S@JB D
DAT]
AT]TA^
TA^X@^C
X@^C

0. ]arus`k``j gagdarco`j K`hc`k Qjtuo @j`o O`ry`w`j y`jb Darp

Darprast`sc
rast`sc
oap`h` `j`o O`ry`w`j y`jb gajh`p`to`j r`jbocjb 0 (s`tu) s`gp`c
hajb`j > (tcb`) p`h` tcjbo`t`j ^H, ^G], ^GQ/^GO, p`h` g`scjb-
g`scjb n`d`jb h`j o`jtlr pus`t.
`. ^atc`p n`d`jb h`
h`j
j o`
o`jtlr
jtlr pus`t gajb`fuo`j h`et`r `j`o
`j`o O
O`ry`w`j
`ry`w`j
y`jb gagparliak K`hc`k ujtuo @j`o o`ry`w`j y`jb Darprast`sc,
hajb`j d`t`s`j g`oscg`i 41 (hu` puiuk icg
icg`)
`) `j`o O`ry`w`j satc`p
n`d`jb g`upuj o`jtlr pus`t.

4. ]ajajtu`j fugi`k pajarcg` K`hc`k ujtuo @j`o o`ry`w`j y`jb

Darprast`sc p`h` satc`p tcjbo`t`j saoli`k `h`i`k 2 d`jhcjb >, tufuk ujtuo

^H h`j ^G], tcb` ujtuo ^GQ/^GO.

>. Das`r`j jci`c K`hc`k ujtuo @j`o o`ry`w`j y`jb Darprast`sc `h`i`k 6
`. ^H 6 M Tp. 0.===.===/ sagastar
d. ^G] 6 M T]. 0.1==.===/ sagastar
n. ^GQ/^GO 6 M T]. 4.===.===/ sagastar

8. ]ai`os`j``j h`j t`t` n`r` pagdarc`j K`hc`k uj

ujtuo
tuo @j`
@j`o
o o`
o`ry`w`j
ry`w`j y`jb
Darprast`sc `o`j hci`ouo`j liak tcg tarsajhcrc y`jb hcdajtuo liak
]arus`k``j.
>>
 

]@^@I >4
E@^CICX@^ O@TS@R@J

]arus`k``j gajyahc`o`j e`scict`s ujtuo O`ry`w`j sad`b`c darcout6

0. Xagp`t cd`h`k?
4. Li`kr`b`?
>. Olpar`sc O`ry`w`j. 

]@^@I >>
DC@S@ ]ATF@I@J@J HCJ@^

0. O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`ouo`j parf`i`j`j hcj`s h`i`g r`jbo` gai`os`j`o`j

tub`s ]arus`k``j oaiu`r olt` hajb`j r`hcus gcjcg`i 04= Og (sar`tus
hu` puiuk ocilgatar).

4. Das`r`j h`j t`
t`t`
t` n`r` pa
pagdarc`j
gdarc`j Dc`y` ]arf`i`j`
]arf`i`j`j
j Hcj`s
Hcj`s hc
hc`tur
`tur tarsaj
tarsajhcrc
hcrc
h`i`g ^t`jh`rh Lpar`tcjb ]rlnahura.

]@^@I >8
D@JXQ
D@ JXQ@J
@J O@ TAJ
TAJ@
@ HCX@K@J ]
]CK@O
CK@O S@JB DATR@FCD

0. @p`dci` O`ry`w`j hct`k`j pck`o y`jb darw`fcd o`raj` hchub` gai`ouo`j

pardu`t`j pch`j`, g`o` ]arus`k``j tch`o daroaw`fcd`j gagd`y`r
Qp`k, tat`pc w`fcd gagdarco`j d`jtu`j oap`h` cstrc h`j `j`o O`ry`w`j
hajb`j oatajtu`j sad`b`c darcout 6
Qjtuo 0 lr`jb t`jbbujb`j 41% Qp`k
Qjtuo 4 lr`jb t`jbbujb`j >1% Qp`k
Qjtuo > lr`jb t`jbbujb`j 81% Qp`k
Qjtuo 8 lr`jb t`jbbujb`j `t`u iadck 1=% Qp`k

>8
 

4. D`jtu`j sad`b`cg`j` hcg`osuh h`i`g `y`t (0

(0)) hcdarco`
hcdarco`j
j ujtuo p`icjb
i`g` 5 (aj`g) dui`j tarkctujb saf`o k`rc part`g` O`ry`w`j hct`k`j liak
pck`o y`jb darw`fcd.

>. @p`dci` iiadck

adck h`rc 5 (aj`g) dui`j saf`o k`rc part`g`
part`g` O`ry`w`j hct`k`j
liak pck`o y`jb darw`fcd daiug `h` oaputus`j h`j/`t`u O`ry`w`j tch`o
h`p`t gai`os`j`o`j ]aoarf``j sad`b`cg`j` gastcjy`, g`o`
]arus`k``j h`p`t gai`ouo`j prlsas ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf`.

]@^@I >1
]AJ^CQJ

0. Qsc` ]ajscuj `h`i`k 11 (icg` puiuk iicg`)

cg`) t`kuj, j`guj `
`p`dci`
p`dci` o`ry`w`j
tai`k gajn`p`c usc` 1= (icg` puiuk) t`kuj, O`ry`w`j h`p`t gajb`fuo`j
pajscuj hcjc `p`dci` parglklj`jjy` hcsatufuc ]arus`k``j.

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb taroaj` ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf` o`raj` ]ajscuj,

]arus`k``j gagdarco`j6
`. F`gcj`j K`rc Xu` h`rc D`h`j ]ajyaiajbb`r` F`gcj`j
Oataj`b`oarf``j y`jb `o`j hcurus ]arus`k``j?
d. Q`jb pajscuj hcdarco`j sasu`c hajb`j oatajtu`j ]ar`tur`j
]arujh`jb- ujh`jb`j?
n. ]agdarc`j oaj`jb-oaj`jb`j y`jb dajtuojy` `o`j hctat`po`j
tarsajhcrc h`i`g ^ur`t Oaputus`j Hcraosc `t`u h`i`g ^t`jh`rh
Lpar`tcjb ]rlnahura (^L]).

>1
 

]@^@I >5
]TLBT
]TLBT@G
@G OAIQ@
OAIQ@TB@
TB@ D AT
ATAJN
AJN@J@
@J@

]rlbr`g oaiu`rb` darajn`j` garup`o`j s`i`k s`tu d`bc`j ujtuo

gajcjbo`to`j oasaf`ktar``j O`ry`w`j, ujtuo ctu pariu `h`jy` par`j sart`
san`r` `otce h`rc pck`o O`ry`w`j g`upuj h`rc pck`o ]arus`k``j. ]arus`k``j
`o`j gagd`jtu sasu`c hajb`j oag`gpu`j ]arus`k``j.

D@D UCCC
OLHA AXCO, X@X@ XATXCD, H@J HC^C]ICJ OATF@

]@^@I >2

OLHA AXCO

O`ry`w`j h`i`g gajf`i`jo`j tub`s h`j t`jbbujb f`w`djy` k`rus gag`tukc

Olha Atco sad`b`c darcout 6

0. ^ai`iu gai`os`j`o`j saiuruk paoarf``jjy` hajb`j oafufur`j h`j

cjtabrct`s y`jb tcjbbc sart` gai`ouo`j/gagutuso`j satc`p tcjh`o`j `b`r
gajf`hc tcjh`o`j y`jb tard`co d`bc ]arus`k``j.

4. ^ai`iu gagab`jb tabuk r`k`sc` ]

]arus`k``j
arus`k``j sai`g` d
daoarf`
aoarf` h`j satai`k
tch`o daoarf` hc ]arus`k``j.

>. ^ai`iu gajf`b` hcrc ujtuo tch`o gai`ouo`j olrupsc h`j g`ro-up, tch`o
gajarcg` olgcsc `t`u cgd`i`j `t`u un`p`j tarcg` o`sck h`i`g dajtuo
`p`puj h`rc pck`o oatcb` hco`raj`o`j ]aoarf``j `t`u f`d`t`j.

>5
 

8. ^ai`iu gajf`b` ujtuo tch`o gai`ouo`j sab`i` dajtuo oabc`t`j y`j

y`jb
b h`p
h`p`t
`t
gajcgduio`j partajt`jb`j ( nljeicnt le cjtarast) `jt`r` icjboup ]aoarf``j
h`j tub`s oapajtcjb`j i`cjjy`. Nljeicnt le cjtarast  y`jb hcg`osuho`j
`h`i`k `h`jy` kudujb`j oaiu`rb`, kudujb`j oapagcico`j, kudujb`j
d`bc k`sci, h`j/`t`u kudujb`j darjci`c aoljlgcs. @p`dci` hcoaguhc`j k`rc

tcgdui `h`jy` oagujbocj`j n ljeicnt le cjtarast g`o` O`ry`w`j

daroaw`fcd`j gagdarct`ku ]arus`k``j h`j pariu gajh`p`t parsatufu`j
tartuics h`rc ]arus`k``j.

1. ^ai`iu darsco`p slp`j h`i`g tcjbo`k i`ou, o`t`-o`t`

o`t`-o`t` h`j pardu`t`j
tark`h`p sas`g` O`ry`w`j, d`w`k`j, `t`s`j, h`j/`t`u oap`h` pck`o
oatcb` i`cjjy`.

5. ^ai`iu darus`k` gajbahap`jo`j pajyaias`c`j g`s`i`k h`j parsaicsck`j

hajb`j n`r` gusy`w`r`k gue`o`t sart` gajbkcjh`rc n`r`-n`r` y`jb
darsce`t cjtcgch`sc, `jn`g`j, prlvlo`sc, parsataru`j o`t`-o`t` g`upuj
parsataru`j ecsco.

2. Gagdarco`j saiuruk k`sci o`ry` ncpt` sai`g` daoarf` hc ]arus`k

]arus`k``j
``j
sad`b`c k`o gcico ]arus`k``j h`j duo`j gcico O`ry`w`j prcd`hc.

]@^@I >;
X@X@ XATXCD
XATXCD H@J HC^
HC^C]ICJ
C]ICJ OATF@

0. ^atc`p O`
O`ry`w`j
ry`w`j y`jb gajh`p`to`j ^ar`b`g Oarf`, w`fcd gag`o`c
^ar`b`g Oarf` sai`g` f`g oarf` sasu`c hajb`j ^ur`t Oaputus`j
tarsadut.

4. Gajbcjb`t fajcs pa
paoarf``jjy`,
oarf``jjy`, O
O`ry`w`j
`ry`w`j lpar`sclj`i gag`o`c sap`tu

>2
 

glhai tartutup hajb`j daj`r, r`pc, darsck h`j tch`o gajbbuj`o`j sap`tu
s`jh`i, gag`o`c o`ls o`oc h`j ujtuo O`ry`w`j w`jct` tch`o dliak
gag`o`c sap`tu k`o tcjbbc.

>. O`ry`w`j w`fcd gagui`c h`j g

gajb`okcrc
ajb`okcrc paoarf``j sasu`c f`g oarf` y`jb
tai`k hctat`po`j ]arus`k``j. O`ry`w`j k`rus suh`k k`hcr h`j sc`p
gai`os`j`o`j paoarf``j gcjcg`i 1 (icg`) gajct sadaiugjy`.

8. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j w`fcd gajbcsc t`jh` k`hc

k`hcrr h
hajb`j
ajb`j s`
s`r`j`
r`j` `t`u `i`t y`jb
hcsahc`o`j ]arus`k``j.

1. O`ry`w`j hci`r`jb gajbcsco`j t`jh` k`hcr lr`jb i`cj `t`u gagcjt` lr`jb
i`cj gajbcsco`j t`jh` k`hcrjy`.

5. O`ry`w`j y`jb i`i

i`i`c
`c gai`ouo`j `dsajsc `t`u gajbcsc t`jh`
t`jh` k`hcr
hc`jbb`p tch`o g`suo oarf`. Oanu`ic gajbcsc elrg y`jb hcsahc`o`j h`j
hcp`r`e `t`s`j i`jbsujb O`ry`w`j sart` hcoagd`ico`j ujtuo hcn`t`t liak
d`bc`j parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j.

2. Xari`gd`t h`t`jb daoarf` k`rus hajb`j `i`s`j y`jb h`p`t

hcpart`jbujbf`w`do`j h`j hajb`j gajbcsc elrg hc d`bc`j parslj`ic`
]arus`k``j h`j hcp`r`e @t`s`j I`jbsujb O`ry`w`j sart` hcoagd`ico`j
ujtuo hcn`t`t liak d`bc`j parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j.

;. Gajcjbb`io`j ]aoarf``j sadaiug f`g oarf` saia

saias`c,
s`c, k`ru
k`rus
s sac
sacfcj
fcj `t`s`j
i`jbsujb targ`suo ujtuo oapajtcjb`j hcj`s. Hajb`j gajbcsc elrg hc
d`bc`j parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j h`j hcp`r`e @t`s`j I`jbsujb O`ry`w`j
sart` hcoagd`ico`j ujtuo hcn`t`t liak d`bc`j parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j.

>;
 

3. ]ajuo`r`j skcet oarf` h`p`t hci`ouo`j k`jy` satai`k gajh`p`t

parsatufu`j `t`s`j i`jbsujb y`jb oaguhc`j hcn`t`to`j hc d`bc`j
parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j.

0=. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j k`rus darpaj`gpci`j r`pc, gaj`rco, darsck, slp`j,

darsck h`j tch`o dariadck-iadck`j.

00. O`ry`w`j y`jb darg`osuh cfcj tch`o g`suo oarf` ujtuo iadck h`rc 0 (s`tu)
k`rc o`raj` su`tu oapariu`j, sai`gd`t-i`gd`tjy` 4 (hu`) k`rc
sadaiugjy` w`fcd gajb`fuo`j parglklj`j tartuics h`j/`t`u gai`iuc
ljicja hajb`j gajh`p`t parsatufu`j `t`s`j i`jbsujb, h`j hcoat`kuc liak
d`bc`j parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j.

04. H`i`g k`i oatch`ok`

oatch`ok`hcr`j
hcr`j hc iu`r rajn`j`, g`o` O`ry`w`j w`fcd6
`. ]`h` k`rc g
gui`c
ui`c tch`
tch`o
o g`suo oarf` ga
gagdarct`kuo`j
gdarct`kuo`j oa ]
]arus`k``j
arus`k``j
tajt`jb `i`s`j tch`o g`suo gai`iuc taiaplj `t`u sur`t? `t`u
d. ]`h` k`rc gui`c g`suo oagd`ic, O`ry`w`j tarsadut w`fcd
gagpart`jbbujb-f`w`do`j `i`s`j tch`o g`suo oarf` hajb`j
gajyar`ko`j 6
c. ^ur`t Oatar`jb`j Hlotar hcsart`o`j w`i`upuj s`oct 0 k`rc h`j
 fco` tch`o `h` sur`t oatar`jb`j s`oct g`o` hc`jbb`p g`jbocr h`j
gagltljb nutc t`kuj`j?
cc. ^ur`t p`jbbci`j darw`fcd `
`t`u
t`u p
pajb`hci`j,
ajb`hci`j, dci` `i`s`j o`
o`raj`
raj`
hcp`jbbci y`jb darw`fcd/ pajb`hci`j `t`u duotc-duotc s`k i`cjjy`.

0>. @p`dci` O`ry`w`j tch`o g`suo oarf` t`jp` `i`s`j tartuics h`j duotc-duotc
y`jb s`k `t`u y`jb h`p`t hctarcg` ]arus`k``j, g`o` O`ry`w`j tarsadut
hc`jbb`p g`jbocr.

>3
 

08. O`ry`w`j h`p`t gajarcg` t`gu prcd`hc hc tagp`t y`jb hcsahc`o`j `t`u
tagp`t y`jb tch`o gajbb`jbbu tagp`t oarf` hajb`j pagdcn`r``j
sapariujy`.

01. ]ajbbuj``j taiaplj ]arus`k`

]arus`k``j
`j k`jy` ujtuo oapajtcjb`j ]arus`k``j.

05. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j w`fc

w`fcd
d gajbbuj`o`j t`jh` pa
pajbaj`i.
jbaj`i.

02. ^as`g` O`ry`w`j tch`

tch`o
o hcdaj`ro`j gajuo`r t`jh` pajbaj`i
pajbaj`i..

0;. O`ry`w`j y`jb putus kudujb`j oarf`jy` w`fcd gajbagd`ico`j o`rtu

t`jh` pajbaj`ijy`.

03. O`ry`w`j k`rus gagpark`tc

gagpark`tco`j
o`j Oasai`g`t`j h`j Oasak`t`j Oarf`.

4=. Hci`r`jb gagd`w` `t`u gagcjh`ko`j @sat ]arus`k``j oaiu`r

Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j t`jp` gai`iuc prlsahur y`jb dari`ou.

40. O`ry`w`j w`fcd gajf`i`jo`j ^t`jh`rh Lpar`tcjb ]rlnahura (^L])  y`jb

tai`k hctajtuo`j `b`r tch`o gajcgduio`j k`i-k`i y`jb
gagd`k`y`o`j/garubco`j
gagd`k`y`o`j/garubco`j ]arus`k``j.

44. O`ry`w`j hci`r`jb gai`ouo`j paoarf``j i`cj sai`cj paoarf``j y`jb tai`k
hctat`po`j liak ]arus`k``j h`i`g f`g oarf`.

4>. O`ry`w`j hci`r`jb gagparbuj`o`j cjvajt`rcs g`upuj @ssat

]arus`k``j ujtuo oapajtcjb`j prcd`hc oanu`ic y`jb garup`o`j d`bc`j
h`rc e`scict`s f`d`t`jjy`.

48. O`ry`w`j darsahc` hcpcjh`ko`j oa o`jtlr pus`t, o`jtlr n`d`jb, `t`u ujct

8=
 

oarf` i`cj `p`dci` gajco`k hajb`j sas`g` O`ry`w`j h`i`g s`tu ilo`sc,
n`d`jb, hcvcsc, h`j/`t`u ujct oarf`.

41. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j hci`r`jb daro`gp`jya, gag`o`c, gajbah`ro`j,

gagdarco`j, h`j/`t`u gagd`bc-d`bco`j `trcdut su`tu p`rt`c plictco hc

h`i`g icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j, sart` hci`r`jb gajbbuj`o`j e`scict`s

]arus`k``j ujtuo oapajtcjb`j su`tu p`rt`c plictco.

45. ]aoarf` y`jb sarcjbo`ic tch`o g`suo hajb`j `i`s`j s`oct t`jp` h`p`t
gagduotco`j sur`t oatar`jb`j hlotar `o`j hcdarco`j sur`t parcjb`t`j
h`j fco` hcpariuo`j h`p`t hcocrcg oa hlotar y`jb hctujfuo liak parus`k``j
ujtuo pagarcos``j darcoutjy` sad`b`c dajtuo pagduotc`j.

42. Gajn`t`to`j oak`hcr`jjy` sad`jy`o 4 (hu`) o`ic p`h` s``t k`hcr daoarf`
h`j pui`jb daoarf` ujtuo hcrcjy` sajhcrc h`j tch`o gaw`ocio`jjy` oap`h`
lr`jb i`cj, `t`u d`ko`j gajbcsc/ gajn`t`to`j oak`hcr`j lr`jb i`cj.

4;. Qjtuo gajf`b` oadari`jbsu

oadari`jbsujb`j
jb`j oabc`t`j parus`k``j `b`
`b`rr tat`p darf`i`j
hajb`j d`co, g`o` o`ry`w`j y`jb gajn`iljo`j hcrc h`i`g ]agcick`j
ugug Iabcsi`tce `t`u Aosaoutce w`fcd gajbujhuro`j hcrc saf`o gajh`et`r
sad`b`c n`ilj.

]@^@I >3
]ATJCO@K@J @JX@T O@TS@R@J

]arjco`k`j `jt`r O`ry`w`j ]arus`k``j `o`j hc`tur iadck i`jfut hc h`i`g

^t`jh`rh Lpar`tcjb ]rlnahura (^L])  hajb`j darpahlg`j p`h` par`tur`j
parujh`jb  „ ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

80
 

D@D C[
^@JO^C H@J ]ATCJB@X@J

]@^@I 8=
FAJC^ ^@JO^C

0. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j w`fcd gai`os`j`o`j

gai`os`j`o`j saiuruk oataj
oatajtu`j
tu`j y`jb hc`tur
hc`tur
h`i`g ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j.

4. ^atc`p O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`

gai`jbb`r
jbb`r oatajtu`j y`jb tai`k hc`tur
hc`tur hc h`i`g
par`tur`j parus`k``j cjc
cjc,, hcoaj`o`j s`josc darh`s`ro`j dar`t rcjb`jjy`
rcjb`jjy`
pai`jbb`r`j y`jb hci`ouo`j.

>. Fajcs-fajcs s`josc y`jb h`p`t hcdarco`j taro`ct hajb`j pai`jbb`r`j y`jb
tai`k hci`ouo`j `h`i`k 6
`. Xabur`j ics`j?
d. ^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j?
n. ]agutus`j kudujb`j oarf`.

]@^@I 80
XABQT@J

0. Xabur`j Oap`h` O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`jbb`r par`tur`j parus`k``j `o`j

hci`ouo`j `t`s`j i`jbsujb, g`upuj liak ]arus`k``j sad`b`c pagdcj``j
y`jb hcn`t`t h`j hcsar`ko`j oa d`bc`j parslj`ic` ]arus`k``j ujtuo
hcscgp`j hc `rscp O`ry`w`j y`jb dars`jbout`j.

4. K`i-k`i y`jb h`p`t hcdarco`j s`josc tabur`j `jt`r` i`cj 6

`. H`t`jb tari`gd`t h`j/ `t`u pui`jb iadck `w`i t`jp` czcj?

84
 

d. Xch`o gajn`t`to`j oak`hcr`j sad`jy`o 4 (hu`

(hu`)) o`ic p`h` s``t k`
k`hcr
hcr
daoarf` h`j pui`jb daoarf` ujtuo hcrcjy` sajhcrc?
n. Xch`o darsco`p slp`j ta
tark`h`p
rk`h`p pai
pai`jbb`j,
`jbb`j, `t
`t`s`j
`s`j h`j/`
h`j/`t`u
t`u rao`j
oarf`?
h. Our`jb darsuj
darsujbbuk-sujbbuk
bbuk-sujbbuk h`i`g paoar
paoarf``j,
f``j, g`i`s h`j tch`o

daoarf` sagastcjy`?
a. Xch`o gagajukc st`jh`r paj`gpci`j, oar`pck`j hcrc h`
h`j
j oadarsck`j
icjboujb`j oarf`jy`?
e. Dar`h` hc `ra` oarf` y`jb duo`j garup`o`j t`jbbujbf`w`djy` tch`o
`h` kudujb`j jy` hajb`j paoarf``j?
b. Xch`o h`p`t gajujfuoo`j o`rtu CH paoarf` p`h` s``t hcgcjt` h`j/`t`u
sai`g` gai`os`j`o`j paoarf``j t`jp` `i`s`j y`jb h`p`t hctarcg`?
k. Gajbbuj`o`j taiaplj ujtuo oa
oapajtcjb`j/
pajtcjb`j/ oapariu`j prcd`hc `t`u
e`scict`s i`cjjy` t`jp` czcj?
c. Xch`o sabar` gai`plro`j parud`k`j `i`g`t tagp`t tcjbb`i, st`tus
oaiu`rb` oap`h` parus`k``j?
 f. Gajcjbb`io`j tagp`t, par`i`t`j oarf` h`j/ `t`u icjboujb`j oarf`
h`i`g oa`h``j oltlr h`j dar`jt`o`j satai`k gai`ouo`j paoarf``j?
o. K`i-k`i i`cj y`jb daiug hc`tur h`i`g par`tur`j pa
parus`k``j
rus`k``j j`guj
gajurut partcgd`jb`j pck`o-pck`o taro`ct targ`suo h`i`g o`tablrc
pagdarc`j tabur`j ics`j tarn`t`t.

>. F`jbo` w`otu d

dari`oujy`
ari`oujy` sur`t tabur`j sai`g` > ((tcb`)
tcb`) dui`j sa
saf`o
f`o
hctardcto`j

]@^@I 84
^QT@X ]ATCJB@X@
]ATCJB@X@JJ

0. ]arus`k``j dark`o g
gajardcto`j
ajardcto`j h`j gagdarco`j ^
^ur`t
ur`t ]arcjb`t`j

]art`g` (^] C) oap`h` O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`ouo`j tcjh`o`j sad`b`c

8>
 

darcout6
`. tch`o gag`tukc pajb`r`k`j `t`s`j `t`u ]aru
]arus`k``j,
s`k``j, t`jp` `i`s
`i`s`j
`j
y`jb w`f`r gasocpuj suh`k hcparcjb`to`j san`r` ics`j?
d. satai`k hctabur `t`u hccjb`to`j O`ry`w`j tat`p gajli`o ujtuo
gaj``tc parcjt`k `t`u pajub`s`j y`jb i`y`o h`rc `t`s`j `t`u

]arus`k``j?
n. gai`ouo`j g`jbocr oarf` 0 (s`tu) k`rc oarf`?
h. tari`gd`t h`t`jb 8 (agp`t) o`ic h`i`g 0 (s`tu) dui`
dui`j
j hajb`j `i`s`j
y`jb tch`o h`p`t hcpart`jbbujbf`w`do`j, hajb`j d`t`s`j tliar`jsc
w`otu tari`gd`t 1 (icg`) gajct?
a. tch`o gag`o`c ^ar`b`g Oarf`, t`jh` pajbaj`i, h`j/`t`u ]ar`i`t`j
Oarf` y`jb tai`k hcsahc`o`j hajb`j `i`s`j y`jb tch`o h`p`t
hcpart`jbbujbf`w`do`j?
e. pui`jb oarf` `t`u gajcjbb`io`j tagp`t oarf` h`i`g f`g oarf` t`jp`
sacfcj `t`s`j `t`u t`jp` gagdarct`kuo`j rao`j oarf` tariadck h`kuiu,
t`jp` `i`s`j y`jb h`p`t hcpart`jbbujbf`w`do`
h cpart`jbbujbf`w`do`j?
j?
b. gai`ouo`j pajuo`r`j ^kcet  oarf` t`jp` gajh`p`t
parsatufu`j/sapajbat`ku`j
parsatufu`j/sapajbat`ku`j @t`s`j I`jbsujb?
k. gai`ouo`j oab`huk`j p`h` s``t f`g oarf` `t`u `otcect`s sahagcoc`j
rup` sakcjbb` gajyad`do`j O`ry`w`j i`cj tarb`jbbu `t`u paoarf``j
gajf`hc tark`gd`t?
c. darpaj`gpci`j tch`o r`pc h`j tch`o darsck? gajbbuj`o`j dus`j`
y`jb tch`o slp`j `t`u tch`o sasu`c hajb`j st`jh`r paj`gpci`j y`jb
tai`k hctat`po`j?
 f. darsco`p tch`o slp`j ta
tark`h`p
rk`h`p O`ry`w`j i`cj g`upuj `t`s`jjy`?
`t`s`jjy`?
o. tch`o gajf`b` oasak`t`j, oadarsck`j h`j oar`pck`j hcrcjy` g`upuj
Xagp`t Oarf` g`scjb-g`scjb sart` Icjboujb`j ]arus`k```j?
i. tch`o gai`plro`j `h`jy` parud`k`j st`tus oa`h``j oaiu`rb` sapartc

oai`kcr`j, gagcicoc `j`o, parjco`k`j, parnar`c`j, oag`tc`j, g`upuj

88
 

parud`k`j tagp`t tcjbb`i, gasocpuj tai`k hcdarco`j parcjb`t`j ics`j.

4. ]arus`k``j dark`o g
gajardcto`j
ajardcto`j h`j gag
gagdarco`j
darco`j ^ur`t ]arcjb
]arcjb`t`j
`t`j
Oahu` (^] CC) oap`h` O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`ouo`j pai`jbb`r`j sad`b`c
darcout6
`. O`ry`w`j tajb`k gajf`i`jc ^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j ]art`g` h`j
gai`ouo`j pai`jbb`r`j y`jb s`g` h`j/`t`u pai`jbb`r`j i`cj
hajb`j dldlt oas`i`k`j sasu`c hajb`j pai`jbb`r`j p`h` tcjbo`t
^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j ]art`g`?
d. gai`ouo`j g`jbocr oarf` 4 (hu`) k`rc oarf` darturut-turut h
hajb`j
ajb`j
oatajtu`j h`j pajbartc`j d`kw` k`rc icdur hc `jt`r` k`rc g`jbocr
tarsadut tch`o hc`rtco`j sad`b`c tarputus?
n. gai`ouo`j g`jbocr oarf` > (t
(tcb`)
cb`) k`rc oarf` san`r` tch`o darturut-turut

hc h`i`g f`jbo` w`otu >= k`rc o`iajhar?

h. gajyagdujyco`j `t`u tch`o hajb`j sab sabar`
ar` gag
gagdarct`kuo`j
darct`kuo`j h`t`
`t`u cjelrg`sc pajtcjb `t`u pajycgp`jb`j y`jb k`rus hcoat`kuc liak
`t`s`j?
a. gagdc`ro`j `j`o du`kjy` h`i`g oa`h``j d`k`y` `t`u
gajb`d`co`j Oasak`t`j h`j Oasai`g`t`j Oarf`?
e. dartcjh`o o`s`r `t`u gajbaiu`ro`j o`t`-o`t` y`jb tch`o sajljlk d`co
oap`h` sas`g` O`ry`w`j, `t`s`j, t`gu ]arus`k``j, h`j/`t`u
]arus`k``j?
b. gajb`h`o`j r`p`t `t`u partagu`j, nar`g`k, `t`u oabc`t`j-oabc`t`j
i`cj y`jb h`p`t hcs`g`o`j hajb`j ctu t`jp` cfcj h`j parsatufu`j h`rc
]arus`k``j gai`iuc paj`jbbujb f`w`d urus`j B
B@
@ tariadck h`kuiu hc
Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j?
k. gai`ouo`j oatai
oataiahlr`j,
ahlr`j, narldlk, `t`u
`t`u tch`o taictc h`i`g daoarf`
sakcjbb` gajb`jn`g oasai`g`t`j @ssat ]arus`k``j `t`u
gajb`r`k oap`h` oarubc`j ]arus`k``j?

81
 

c. gai`ouo`j tcjh`o`j hc iu`r prlsahur oarf` y`jb tai`k hctajtuo`j t`jp`

cfcj `t`s`j y`jb darwaj`jb y`jb h`p`t gagd`k`y`o`j `t`u
darpajb`ruk jab`tce tark`h`p ]arus`k``j?
 f. gajy`i`kbuj`o`j @sat ]arus`k``j ujtuo oapajtcjb`j prcd`hc t`jp`
cfcj ]arus`k``j?

o. tchur p`h` s``t f`g oarf`.

i. O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`ouo`j iadck h`rc 0 (s`tu) pai`jbb`r`j hajb`j
dldlt oas`i`k`j sasu`c hajb`j pai`jbb`r`j p`h` tcjbo`t sur`t
parcjb`t`j part`g`.

>. ]arus`k``j dark`o g

gajardcto`j
ajardcto`j h`j gag
gagdarco`j
darco`j ^ur`t ]arcjb
]arcjb`t`j
`t`j
Oatcb` (^] CCC) oap`h` O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`ouo`j tcjh`o`j sad`b`c
darcout6

`. O`ry`w`j tajb`k gajf`i`jc ^ur`

^ur`tt ]arcjb`t`j Oahu
Oahu`` `t`u ^ur
^ur`t
`t
]arcjb`t`j ]art`g` h`j gai`ouo`j pai`jbb`r`j y`jb s`g` h`j/`t`u
pai`jbb`r`j i`cj hajb`j dldlt oas`i`k`j sasu`c hajb`j
pai`jbb`r`j p`h` tcjbo`t ^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j Oahu` `t`u ^ur`t
]arcjb`t`j ]art`g`?
d. hajb`j sajb`f` gai`ou
gai`ouo`j
o`j pardu`t`j y`jb gaj
gajyad`do`j
yad`do`j hcrcjy`
sajhcrc `t`u O`ry`w`j i`cj dar`h` hc h`i`g oa`h``j tch`o g`gpu
gai`os`j`o`j paoarf``j?
n. tch`o g
gajf`b`
ajf`b` j`g
j`g`
` d`co ]arus`k```j darcout sagu` pck
pck`o
`o y`jb
taro`ct hajb`j ]arus`k``j h`i`g gajf`i`jo`j ]aoarf``j, targ`suo
tch`o gajf`b` j`g` d`co parus`k``j hc slsc`i gahc` ?
h. gai`ouo`j g
g`jbocr
`jbocr oarf` > (tcb`) k`rc oarf` darturut-turut hajb`j
oatajtu`j h`j pajbartc`j d`kw` k`rc icdur hc `jt`r` k`rc g`jbocr
tarsadut tch`o hc`rtco`j sad`b`c tarputus?
a. gai`ouo`j g`jbocr oarf` 8 (agp`t) k`rc oarf` san`r
san`r`
` tch`o darturut-
turut hc h`i`g f`jbo` w`otu >= k`rc o`iajhar?

85
 

e. gai`ouo`j tcjh`o`j prlvlo`tce h`j sad`b`cjy` sakcjbb`

gajbb`jbbu lpar`sclj`i ]arus`k``j?
b. gajli`o `t`u sajb`f` gajbkcjh`r pagarcos``j liak patub`s
oa`g`j`j `t`u patub`s i`cj y`jb hcdarc wawaj`jb liak ]arus`k``j?
k. gajbcsc t`jh` k`hcr O`ry`w`j i`cjjy`, `t`u gajyuruk O`ry`w`j i`cj

gajbcsco`j t`jh` k`hcrjy`?

c. gagd`w` sajf`t` `pc `t`u sajf`t` t`f`g hc Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j,
oanu`ic o`raj` f`d`t`jjy`?
 f. gajyagdujyco`j pajy`oct y`jb hcharct` y`jb h`p`t gagd`k`y`o`j
hcrcjy` g`upuj lr`jb i`cj?
o. garlolo hc `ra` buh`jb, oanu`ic hctagp`t y`jb tai`k hcsahc`o`j.
i. O`ry`w`j y`jb gai`ouo`j iadck h`rc 0 (s`tu) pai`jbb`r`j hajb`j
dldlt oas`i`k`j sasu`c hajb`j pai`jbb`r`j p`h` tcjbo`t sur`t

parcjb`t`j oahu`.

8. F`jbo` w`otu dari`oujy` ^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j, y`ctu 6

S@JB
G@^@
^@JO^C GAJBAIQ@TO@J XAGDQ^@J
DATI@OQ
H@J GAGDATCO@J
G`j`bar/
]arcjb`t`j Ics`j > dui`j @t`s`j I`jbsujb ]arslj`ic`/
Xarn`t`t KTH
 @t `s
`s`j
`j I `jb s uj b / ]arslj`ic`/
^ur`t ]a
]arcj
rcj b`t`j C 5 dui `j ^atcj
^a tcj bo`t G`j`bar KTH
 @t `s
`s`j
`j I `j
`jbs
bs uj b / ]arslj`ic`/
^ur`t ]a
]arcj
rcj b`t`j CC 5 dui `j
^atcj
^a tcj bo`t G`j`bar KTH

G`j`bar
]arslj`ic`/
^ur`t ]a
]arcj
rcj b`t`j CC
CCCC 5 dui `j darollrh cj`sc hajb`
hajb`j
j
KTH
]arslj`ic`/ KTH
]agut
]agut us`j Kudujb `j Oarf` ]a
]arsl
rsl j`ic`/K
j`ic`/KTH
TH

1. ]agdarc`j ^
^ur`t
ur`t ]arcjb`t`j tch`o k`rus darurut`j tat`p
tat`pcc darh`s`ro`j
p`h` dar`t rcjb`jjy` tcjbo`t pai`jbb`r`j y`jb hci`ouo`j.

82
 

5. ]agdarc`j ^
^ur`t
ur`t ]arcjb`t`j `o`j gagpajb`
gagpajb`rukc
rukc pajci`c`j o`ry`w`j
y`jb darh`gp`o p`h` haglsc, pajujh``j oaj`co`j
up`k/p`jbo`t/f`d`t`j h`j pajn`dut`j e`scict`s/tujf`jb`j f`d`t`j,
pajujh``j h`i`g oaj`co`j b`fc tch`o dari`ou surut/ r`pai.

2. Hcs`gpcjb `y`t 5 (aj`g) hc `t`s, p

pagdarc`j
agdarc`j ^ur`t ]arcj
]arcjb`t`j
b`t`j fub` `o`j
gagpajb`rukc oadcf`os`j``j h`i`g pagdarc`j Cjsajtce X`kuj`j h`i`g
s`tu t`kuj parclha pajci`c`j ocjarf` hajb`j gajbas`gpcjbo`j g`s`
dari`oujy` sur`t parcjb`t`j tarsadut y`jb pajbur`jb`jjy` sadas`r6
Xcjbo `t ^ur`t ]a
]arcj
rcj b`t`j ]a
]ars
rsajt`sa
ajt`sa ]a
]ajbu
jbu r`jb`j
^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j 0 1=% h`rc Cjsajtce X`kuj`j y`jb hcparliak
^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j 4 21% h`rc Cjsajtce X`kuj`j y`jb hcparliak
0==% h`rc Cjsajtce X`kuj`j y`jb
^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j >
hcparliak
Oatar`jb`j6 Fco` s``t ctu ]arus`k``j gagd`bco`j Cjsajtce t`kuj`j.

;. H`i`g k`i o`ry`w`j tch`o d

darsahc`/
arsahc`/ gajli`o
gajli`o gaj`jh`t`jb`jc sur`t
parcjb`t`j tarsadut s`k h`j tat`p dari`ou hajb`j hcparou`t liak 4 (hu`)
lr`jb s`osc y`jb `h` p`h` s``t sur`t parcjb`t`j tarsadut hcsar`ko`j oa
o`ry`w`j.

3. K`i-k`i i`cj y`jb daiug hc

hc`tur
`tur h`i`g par`t
par`tur`j
ur`j parus`k``j j
j`guj
`guj
gajurut partcgd`jb`j pck`o-pck`o taro`ct targ`suo h`i`g o`tablrc
pagdarc`j sur`t parcjb`t`j part`g` (C), sur`t parcjb`t`j oahu` (CC), `t`u
sur`t parcjb`t`j oatcb` (CCC).

8;
 

D@D [
]AGQXQ^@J KQDQJB@J OATF@

]@^@I 8>
QGQG

0. ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf` h`p`t hcsad`do`j o`raj`6

`. O`ry`w`j gajbujhuro`j hcrc `t`u hcou`iceco`sco`j gajbujhuro`j hcrc?
d. O`ry`w`j gajcjbb`i hujc`?
n. O`ry`w`j tai`k gajn`p`c usc` pajscuj?
h. O`ry`w`j haj
hajb`j
b`j ]arf`jfc`j Oarf` R
R`otu
`otu Xartajtu y`
y`jb
jb g`s`
dari`oujy` tai`k dar`okcr?
a. O`ry`w`j hc
hct`k`j
t`k`j liak pck`o y`jb darw`fcd sai`g` iadck h`rc 5

(aj`g) dui`j `t`u satai`k `h`jy` putus`j pajb`hci`j y`jb tai`k

gagpujy`c oaou`t`j kuoug tat`p.

4. ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf` sad`b`cg`j` tarsadut h`i`g `y`t 0 ]`s`i

]`s`i ccjc
jc
tch`o pariu gagcjt` pajat`p`j h`rc iagd`b` pajyaias`c`j parsaicsck`j
kudujb`j cjhustrc`i.

]@^@I 88
GAJBQJHQT
GAJBQJHQTO@
O@ J HCT
HCTCC H@J HCOQ@
HCOQ@ICECO
ICECO@^CO
@^CO@J
@J GAJBQJHQTO@
GAJBQJHQTO@JJ HCT
HCTCC

0. GAJBQJHQTO@J HCTC
`. O`ry`w`j y`jb gajbujhuro`j hcrc `t`s oag`u`j sajhcrc, y`jb tub`s
h`j eujbscjy` tch`o gaw`ocic oapajtcjb`j pajbus`k` san`r`
i`jbsujb, gagparliak u`jb pajbb`jtc`j k`o h`j Q`jb ]cs`k y`jb
das`r`jjy` `o`j hc`tur h`i`g ]`s`i 85 ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc.

83
 

d. O`ry`w`j y`jb gajbu

gajbujhuro`j
jhuro`j hcrc sad`b`cg`j` hcg`osuh h`i`g
h`i`g
kurue (`), k`rus gagajukc sy`r`t6
c. Gajb`fuo`j parglklj`j pajbujhur`j hcrc san`r` tartuics
sai`gd`t-i`gd`tjy` >= (tcb` puiuk) k`rc sadaiug t`jbb`i gui`c
pajbujhur`j hcrc.

cc. Xch`o tarco`t h`i`g co`t`j hcj`s.

ccc. Xat`p gai`os`j`o`j oaw`fcd`jjy` s`gp`c hajb`j t`jbb`i
pajbujhur`j hcrc.

n. Q`jb pajbb`jtc`
pajbb`jtc`j
j k`o sad`b`cg`j` hcg`osuh h`i`g kurue (`)
gaicputc6
c. nutc t`kuj`j y`jb daiug hc`gdci h`j daiug bubur?
cc. dc`y` `t`u ljbols pui`jb ujtuo O`ry`w`j h`j oaiu`rb`jy`

oatagp`t O`ry`w`j hcg`j` o`ry`w`j hctarcg` daoarf`.

4. HCOQ@ICECO@^CO@J GAJBQJHQTO@J HCTC

`. O`ry`w`j y`jb g`jbocr sai`g` 1 (icg`) k`rc oarf` `
`t`u
t`u iadck darturut-
turut t`jp` oatar`jb`j san`r` tartuics y`jb hciajbo`pc hajb`j duotc
y`jb s`k h`j tai`k hcp`jbbci 4 (hu`) o`ic liak pajbus`k` san`r` p`tut
h`j tartuics, g`o` O`ry`w`j tarsadut hcputus kudujb`j oarf`jy`
o`raj` hcou`iceco`sco`j gajbujhuro`j hcrc.
d. O`ry`w`j y`jb hcputus kudujb`j oarf`jy` o`raj` h
hcou`iceco`sco`j
cou`iceco`sco`j
gajbujhuro`j hcrc sad`b`cg`j` hcg`osuh h`i`g kurue (`),
gagparliak u`jb pajbb`jtc`j k`o h`j u`jb pcs`k sadas`r 1=%
(icg` puiuk parsaj) h`rc oatajtu`j ]`s`i 85 ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j
cjc.
n. Q`jb pajbb
pajbb`jtc`j
`jtc`j k`o sad`b`cg`j` hcg`osuh
hcg`osuh h`i`g kurue (d)
gaicputc6

c. nutc t`kuj`j y`jb daiug hc`gdci h`j daiug bubur?

1=
 

cc. dc`y` `t`u ljbols pui`jb ujtuo O`ry`w`j h`j oaiu

oaiu`rb`jy`
`rb`jy`
oatagp`t O`ry`w`j hcg`j` o`ry`w`j hctarcg` daoarf`.

]@^@I 81
]AGQXQ
]AGQXQ^@J
^@J KQDQJB@J OATF@ O@ TAJ
TAJ@
@ ]AI@JBB@T@J

0. ]arus`k``j darus`k` sah`p`t-h`p`tjy` gajbkcjh`rc tarf`hcjy`

]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf`.

4. O`ry`w`j y`jb tajb`k gajf`i`jc ^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j Oatcb` h`j gai`ouo`j

pai`jbb`r`j y`jb s`g` h`j/`t`u pai`jbb`r`j i`cj hajb`j dldlt
oas`i`k`j sasu`c hajb`j pai`jbb`r`j p`h` tcjbo`t ^ur`t ]arcjb`t`j
]art`g`, Oahu`, `t`u Oatcb`, g`o` ]ajbus`k` `o`j gai`ouo`j
]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf`.

>. H`i`g sctu`sc oa`h``j y`jb gag`os` y`jb gajbk`ruso`j ]arus`k``j

gai`ouo`j ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf`, ]arus`k``j `o`j dartcjh`o
hajb`j darpahlg`j p`h` par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

8. H`i`g r`
r`jbo`
jbo` prlsas ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oa
Oarf`
rf` ]arus`k``j
]arus`k``j h`p`t

gai`ouo`j solrscjb sad`b`c tajbb`jb w`otu gajujbbu putus`j

]ar`hci`j gajbaj`c ]agutus`j Kudujb`j Oarf`? y`jb sai`g` g`s`
solrscjb tarsadut, Qp`k h`j k`o-k`o i`cjjy` tat`p hcdarco`j.

1. ^olrscjb h`p`t pui` hcf`tuko`j oap`h` O`ry`w`j h`i`g k`i paj

pajbusut`j
busut`j
su`tu oaf`hc`j h`j/`t`u pai`jbb`r`j hc ]arus`k``j.

10
 

5. ]agutus`j K
Kudujb`j
udujb`j Oarf` y`jb hc
hci`ouo`j
i`ouo`j ]aru
]arus`k``j
s`k``j h`p`t tarf`hc
`p`dci` O`ry`w`j6
`. gai`ouo`j pai`jbb`r`j p`h` s``t g`sck dari`oujy` ^ur`t
]arcjb`t`j Oatcb`?
d. gai`ouo`j s`tu `t
`t`u
`u d
dadar`p`
adar`p` tcjh`o`j pai`jbb`r`j dar`t sad`b`c

darcout 6
c. gai`ouo`j us`k`-us`k` h`j/`t`u tcjh`o`j-tcjh`o`j y`jb
dartufu`j ujtuo gagparliak `t`u gajh`p`to`j oaujtujb`j
h`j/`t`u oapajtcjb`j hcrc prcd`hc h`j/`t`u lr`jb i`cj hc h`i`g
gajf`i`jo`j tub`s h`j ]aoarf``j?
cc. gajarcg` h`rc sc`p`puj k`hc`k, pagdarc`j, `t`u d`i`s f`s`
h`i`g dajtuo `p`puj ujtuo gai`ouo`j k`i-k`i y`jb h`p`t
garubco`j, gajbur`jbc oaujtujb`j, h`j/`t`u gaj`gd`k dc`y`,

ljbols, `t`u pajbaiu`r`j ]arus`k``j?

ccc. gajy`i`kbuj`o`j wawaj`jb h`j/`t`u f`d`t`j ujtuo
oapajtcjb`j h`j/`t`u oaujtujb`j hcrc prcd`hc h`j/`t`u lr`jb i`cj?
cv. gai`ouo`j s`tu `t`u dadar`p` tcjh`o pch`j` oaf`k`t`j d`co hc
h`i`g g`upuj hc iu`r ]arus`k``j?
v. gagdarco`j h`j/`t`u gajbbuj`o`j oatar`jb`j p`isu `t`u y`jb
hcp`isuo`j targ`suo hlougaj sakcjbb` h`p`t garubco`j
]arus`k``j `t`u jab`r`?
vc. g`duo, gagcjug gcjug`j oar`s y`jb gag`duoo`j, gag`o`c,
gajbah`ro`j, h`j/`t`u gagparh`b`jbo`j j`roltco`,
pscoltrlpco`, h`j z`t `hcotce i`cjjy` hc Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j?
vcc. gai`ouo`j pardu`t`j `susci
`susci`
` `t`u parfuhc`j h
hcc Icjbouj
Icjboujb`j
b`j
]arus`k``j?
vccc. daroai`kc, gajyar`jb, gajb`jc`y`, gajb`jn`g, `t`u
gajbcjtcgch`sc d`co ecsco g`upuj gajt`i O`ry`w`j i`cjjy` hc

Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j?
14
 

cx. gagdufuo O`ry`w`j i`cj ujtuo gai`ouo`j pardu`t`j y`

y`jb
jb
dartajt`jb`j hajb`j kuoug/oasusci``j sart` par`tur`j
parujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou?
x. gai`ouo`j pardu`t`j y`jb gagd`k`y`o`j hcrc sajhcrc g`upuj
lr`jb i`cj hc Icjboujb`j ]arus`k``j?

xc. gajy`i`kbuj`o`j O`rtu ]ajbaj`i, n`p, stagpai, oart`s h`j

`gpilp sur`t darilbl `t`u `trcdut i`cjjy` y`jb gaw`ocic
]arus`k``j ujtuo oapajtcjb`j tartajtu y`jb h`p`t gajnag`ro`j
j`g` d`co ]arus`k``j h`j/`t`u garubco`j ]arus`k``j?
xcc. narldlk `t`u gagdc`ro`j tag`j saoarf` h`i`g oa`h``j d`k`y`
hc tagp`t oarf`?
xccc. gagdljbo`r `
`t`u
t`u gagdlnlro`j r`k`sc` ]arus`k``j y`jb
sak`rusjy` hcr`k`sc`o`j oanu`ic ujtuo oapajtcjb`j jab`r`?

xcv. gai`ouo`j oliusc, olru

olrupsc,
psc, gajarcg
gajarcg`
` u`jb `t`u d`r`jb `t`u
olgcsc ujtuo oapajtcjb`j prcd`hc hci`ouo`j `t`s j`g`
]arus`k``j?
xv. hajb`j sajb`f` gai`ouo`j pajycgp`jb`j ^t`jh`rh Lpar`tcjb
]rlnahura y`jb gajb`ocd`to`j oarubc`j ]arus`k``j?
xvc. gagpujy`c oatarco`t`j kudujb`j oarf` hajb`j pck`o iu
iu`r
`r `t`u
pck`o oatcb` t`jp` cfcj `t`s`j i`jbsujb `t`u ]arus`k``j?h`j
xvcc. `p`dci` o`ry`w`j gagpujy`c ctco`h tch`o d`co gai`ouo`j
oas`i`k`j y`jb hc`tur h`i`g par`tur`j parus`k``j hajb`j
sajb`f` h`j ujtuo tufu`j tartajtu hajb`j g`osuh `b`r
gajh`p`to`j oaujtujb`j prcd`hc.

2. D`bc paoarf` y`jb h

hcputus
cputus ku
kudujb`j
dujb`j oarf`jy` o`raj` pai`jbb`r
pai`jbb`r`j
`j dar
dar`t
`t
hajb`j `i`s`j gajhas`o hci`os`j`o`j darpahlg`j p`h` par`tur`j
parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou h`j gajh`p`to`j olgpajs`sc y`jb
hc `tur h`i`g oadcf`o`j parus`k``j tarsajhcrc.

1>
 

]@^@I 85
Q@JB ]C^@K

]arkctujb`j das`r`j Q`jb ]cs`k `h`i`k sad`b`c darcout 6

0. G`s` oarf` > (tcb`) t`ku

t`kuj
j `t`u iadck tat
tat`pc
`pc our`jb h`rc 5 (aj`g) t`ku
t`kuj
j
`o`j hcdarco`j 1=% h`rc Qp`k?

4. G`s` oarf` 5 (aj`g) t`kuj `t`u iadck tat`pc our`jb h`rc 3 (sagdci`j)
t`kuj `o`j hcdarco`j 0==% h`rc Qp`k?

>. G`s` oarf` 3 (sagdci`j) t`k

t`kuj
uj `t`u iadck tat`pc our`jb h`rc 04 (hu` dai`s
dai`s))
t`kuj `o`j hcdarco`j 01=% h`rc Qp`k?

8. G`s` oar
oarf`
f` 04 (hu` dai`s) t`kuj `t`u iadck tat`pc our`jb h`rc 01 (icg`
dai`s) t`kuj `o`j hcdarco`j 4==% h`rc Qp`k?

1. G`s` oarf` 01 (icg` dai`s) t`kuj `t`u iadck `o`j hcdarco`j 41=% h`rc
Qp`k.

D@D [C

]AJSA
]AJSAIA^@C@J
IA^@C@J OAIQK O A^@K

]@^@I 82
]AJSA
]AJSAIA^@C@J
IA^@C@J O AIQK@J H@J ]AJB
]AJB@HQ@J
@HQ@J O
O@TS@R@J
@TS@R@J

^uh`k gajf`hc oacjbcj`j oahu` dai`k pck`o d`kw` satc`p oaiuk`j h`j
pajb`hu`j sasalr`jb O`ry`w`j `o`j hcsaias`co`j sa`hci-`hcijy` h`j
sanap`t gujbocj, o`raj`jy` `p`dci` salr`jb O`ry`w`j gajb`jbb`p d`kw`
tark`h`pjy` hcpari`ouo`j tch`o `hci `t`upuj tch`o w`f`r sart` dartajt`jb`j

18
 

hajb`j csc h`j fcw` ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j, g`o` O`ry`w`j h`p`t

gajy`gp`co`j pajb`hu`j `t`upuj oaiuk`jjy` gai`iuc t`t` n`r` hc p`s`i-
p`s`i darcout. ^u`tu prlsahur y`jb fai`s k`rus hctagpuk O`ry`w`j h`i`g
pajyaias`c`j oaiuk`j/pajb`h``jjy` hajb`j tat`p gagpart`k`jo`j
oataj`jb`j h`j hcscpicj oarf` sad`b`cg`j` gastcjy`, y`jb hch`s`ro`j
oap`h` gusy`w`r`k ujtuo gue`o`t.

]@^@I 8;
X@X@ N@T@ ]AJ
]AJSAIA^
SAIA^@C@
@C@JJ OAIQK@J H@J ]AJB
]AJB@HQ@J
@HQ@J O@
O@TS@R@J
TS@R@J

 @p`dci` tarf`hc oaiuk`j `t`u oatch`opu`s`j tark`h`p sy`r`t-sy`r`t oarf` `t`u

k`i-k`i i`cj h`rc O`ry`w`j, g`o` k`i tarsadut hcsaias`co`j gajurut prlsahur
pajyaias`c`j sad`b`c darcout 6

0. I`jbo`k ]art`g` 6
O`ry`w`j gajy`gp`co`j oaiuk`j ctu i`jbsujb, h`j/`t`u gai`iuc
parw`oci`j p`h` g`scjb-g`scjb d`bc`j, oap`h` @t`s`j I`jbsujb
O`ry`w`j `t`u gai`iuc Gahc` Cjtarj`i O`ry`w`j (GCO@). H`i`g w`otu > x
48 f`g, @t`s`j I`jbsujb gai`ouo`j pajyaias`c`j h`j/`t`u
gajbaiu`ro`j oaputus`j `t`u oatajtu`j y`jb hch`s`rc `t`s h`s`r
partcgd`jb`j h`j k`sci gusy`w`r`k gue`o`t.

4. I`jbo`k Oahu` 6
Dci` pajyaias`c`j sasu`c I`jbo`k ]art`g` tch`o dcs` hcn`p`c, g`o`
O`ry`w`j y`jb dars`jbout`j h`p`t gajy`gp`co`j oaiuk`j ctu oap`h`
]alpia Havailpgajt G`j`bar ( ]HG )  h`j/`t`u Tabclj`i Agpilyaa
Tai`tclj ^panc`icst  hc O`jtlr N`d`jb h`j/`t`u Cjhustrc`i & Agpilyaa
Tai`tclj G`j`bar   hc O`jtlr ]us`t, hajb`j pagdarct`ku`j oap`h`
`t`s`j.

11
 

>. I`jbo`k Oatcb` 6

Dci` pajyaias`c`j sasu`c I`jbo`k Oahu` daiug fub` h`p`t
gajyaias`co`j oaiuk`j, g`o` O`ry`w`j h`j ]arus`k``j sabar`
gajyaias`co`j parg`s`i`k`j oaiuk`j ctu gai`iuc elrug h`j pajhao`t`j
Dcp`rtct.

8. I`jbo`k Oaagp`t 6
Dci` pajyaias`c`j sasu`c I`jbo`k Oatcb` daiug fub` h`p`t
gajyaias`co`j oaiuk`j, g`o` `p`dci` gagajukc ou`iceco`sc, O`ry`w`j
h`j/`t`u G`j`fagaj h`p`t gajyaias`co`j oaiuk`j ctu gai`iuc prlsahur
pajyaias`c`j parsaicsck`j kudujb`j cjhustrc`i y`jb hc`tur h`i`g
]ar`tur`j ]arujh`jb-ujh`jb`j.

D@D [C
[CCC
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0. ^akudujb`j hajb`j ]utusjy` Kudujb`j Oarf` `jt`r` O`ry`w`j hajb`j

]arus`k``j, g`o` kut`jb-kut`jb O`ry`w`j oap`h` ]arus`k``j hajb`j
duotc y`jb s`k hcparkctujbo`j sao`icbus h`rc pagd`y`r`j tar`okcr scs`
Qp`k, pas`jblj h`j/`t`u k`o-k`o i`cjjy` `t`s j`g` O`ry`w`j?
sahagcoc`j ]arus`k```j gagcicoc oawaj`jb`j pajuk ujtuo
gagparkctujbo`j k`o-k`o y`jb hcparliak O`ry`w`j hajb`j kut`jb y`jb
hcgcicocjy` hc ]arus`k``j.

4. @p`dci` satai`k hckctujb sasu`c hajb`j oatajtu`j

oatajtu`j `y`t (0) ]`s`i cjc,
tarjy`t` O`ry`w`j g`sck gagcicoc Kut`jb oap`h` ]arus`k``j, g`o`

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O`ry`w`j y`jb dars`jbout`j daroaw`fcd`j ujtuo gaiuj`sc scs` kut`jb-

kut`jbjy` oap`h` ]arus`k``j.

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]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc dari`ou ujtuo g`s` 4 (hu`) t`kuj saf`o gajh`p`t
pajbas`k`j h`rc Oagajtarc`j Oataj`b`oarf``j Tapudico Cjhljasc`.

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0. Xaroanu`ic tarh`p`t `tur`j-`tur`j h`i`g ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc y`jb

garufuo oap`h` par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb oaguhc`j
hcjy`t`o`j tch`o dari`ou gajbco`t liak Oaputus`j G`ko`g`k Oljstctusc
h`j/`t`u cjst`jsc y`jb darwaj`jb, g`o` oatajtu`j saiadckjy`
s aiadckjy` y`jb tch`o
hcjy`t`o`j tch`o dari`ou gajbco`t tat`p dari`ou s`k h`j gajbco`t.

4. Oatajtu`j i`cj hc h`i`g ]

]arus`k``j
arus`k``j y`jb daiug tartu`jb hc h`i`g
]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc sap`jf`jb tch`o dartajt`jb`j hajb`j
par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou h`j ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j
cjc hcjy`t`o`j tat`p dari`ou.

>. Hajb`j gajbcjh`ko`j k`i-k`i y`jb san`r` fai`s hc

hc`tur
`tur h`
h`i`g
i`g ]ar`tur`j
]arus`k``j cjc,
Qjh`jb-ujh`jb, h`j ]ar`tur`j ]agarcjt`k y`jb `h`, g`o` hcsap`o`tc
h`j hc`ouc d`kw` pajb`w`s`j, pajbaili``j h`j pajb`g`j`j f`i`jjy`

]arus`k``j h`j p`r` O`ry`w`j `h`i`k k`o prarlb`tce ]arus`k``j.

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8. ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc gajbb`jtco`j ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j

tarh`kuiu.

1. ^ab`i` k
k`i
`i y`jb tch`o g`upu
g`upuj
j daiug nuoup hc`tu
hc`turr hc h`i`g ]ar
]ar`tur`j
`tur`j
]arus`k``j cjc, `o`j hc`tur oaguhc`j hajb`j ^ur`t Oaputus`j Hcraosc

sap`jf`jb tch`o dartajt`jb`j hajb`j ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc h`j

par`tur`j parujh`jb-ujh`jb`j y`jb dari`ou.

5. ]ar`tur`j ]a
]arus`k``j
rus`k``j cjc w`fcd h
hcc pard`k`ruc h`i`g >= k`rc sadaiu
sadaiug
g
g`s` dari`oujy` dar`okcr.

2. ]ar`tur`j ]arus`k``j cjc hcd`bco`j `t`u hcslsc`ics`sco`j oap`h`

O`ry`w`j ujtuo hci`os`j`o`j sad`b`cg`j` gastcjy`.

Hctat`po`j hc 6 X`jbar`jb
X`jbb`i 6 01 @prci 4=03
]X. ^ugdar @ie`rc` Xrcf`y`, Xdo.

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