Name ___________________________________________________________ Date __________________

The Structure of the Atom

Before You Read

Define the following terms.

scientific law ________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

theory _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

element _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

law of definite _______________________________________________________

proportions
_______________________________________________________

law of multiple _______________________________________________________

proportions
_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Describe three things that you already know about the atom.

1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 43 Science Notebook

Name ___________________________________________________________ Date __________________

The Structure of the Atom

Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter

Scan Section 1 of your text. Use the checklist below as a guide.

• Read all section titles.
• Read all boldfaced words.
• Read all tables and graphs.
• Look at all pictures and read the captions.
• Think about what you already know about this subject.

List three things you expect to learn about while reading the section.

1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________

Use your text to define each term.

Dalton’s atomic theory ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 44 Science Notebook

Name ___________________________________________________________ Date __________________

Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter (continued)

Greek Summarize the effect that Aristotle had on the atomic theory proposed
Philosophers by Democritus.
Use with pages 102–103. ________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

John Dalton List the main points of Dalton’s atomic theory.

Use with pages 104.
1. ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

5. ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Discuss Dalton’s ideas by completing the following paragraph.

After years of studying ______________________, Dalton was able to

accurately determine the ______________ of the elements involved in the

reactions. His conclusions resulted in the _______________, which helped to

explain that _________ in chemical reactions separate, _____________, or

________________, but are not created, ______________, or____________.

Chemistry: Matter and Change 45 Science Notebook

Name ___________________________________________________________ Date __________________

Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter (continued)

Compare and contrast the atomic theories of Democritus and Dalton.

Mark an X under each name if a statement in the table applies to that
person’s theory.

Statement Democritus Dalton

All matter is made of tiny pieces.
Matter is made of empty space
through which atoms move.
Atoms cannot be divided.
Atoms cannot be created.
Atoms cannot be destroyed.
Different atoms combine in
whole-number ratios to form
compounds.
The properties of atoms vary
based on shape, size, and
movement.
Different kinds of atoms come in
different sizes and shapes.

REAL-WORLD CONNECTION
The experiments of the alchemists revealed the properties of some metals and provided the foundation for the
science of chemistry. Although not successful, alchemy proved beneficial to science. Explain how this example
can be applied to modern research.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 46 Science Notebook