Excavations

Excavations
Potential Hazards
Excavations
• Undermining adjacent structures
• Hazardous atmospheres
• Over-running of vehicles
• Underground services
• Access and egress
• Fall of materials
• Fall of persons
• Contamination
• Collapse
• Flooding
 Excavations - Controls
• Preventing collapse through Shoring, Benching or Battering the sides

• Search of underground services prior to work commencing, hand dig where

required

• Barriers and edge protection to prevent people and vehicles getting to close

• Inspection before each shift by a qualified land surveyor

• Competent workforce
Confined Space
 Confined Space
Hazards associated with confined spaces

• Flammable substances & oxygen enrichment – leading to fires

& explosions

• Oxygen deficiency

• Liquids flowing into the space

• Free-flowing solids, e.g. granular substances

• Presence of excessive heat

 Confined Space - Controls
• AVOID entry if you can! Can job be done from outside?
• Test / monitor air for toxic and flammable vapours – fit to breathe
• Operate a Permit to Work system
• Emergency arrangements – standby person – raising the alarm
• Provide PPE, such as breathing apparatus and rescue harnesses
• Must be a Supervisor responsible for safety
• Are people trained and physically able?
• Isolation of mechanical and electrical equipment and pipework
• Provide special tools and lighting – non-sparking, low voltage, RCDs, etc.
• Provide adequate ventilation
 Emergency Arrangements
• Communications – how emergency is communicated from inside to outside

• Rescue and resuscitation equipment – breathing apparatus, lifelines, fire

fighting equipment

• Capabilities of rescuers – well-trained in use of equipment

• Shut down - adjacent plant during an emergency

• First aid procedures – good equipment and sufficient well-trained people

• Local emergency services – how will they be informed

Work Equipment
 Work Equipment
• Hand tools – e.g. hammers and wrenches

• Power tools –e.g. angle grinders and drills

• Machinery- e.g. lathes and milling machines

• Apparatus – e.g. fans and breathing apparatus

• Lifting equipment – e.g. cranes, forklifts and slings

• Personal protective equipment (PPE)

 Work Equipment
• Right tools for the job – suitable for use
• Inspection and maintenance
• Isolation / locking off
• Dissipation of energy
• Competent persons
• Safe environment
• Permit-to-work
• User checks
• Segregation
• Safe access
• Precautions
• PPE
 Tugas
1. Apakah yang dimaksud excavation dan diskusikan
apa perkerjaan beresiko di telekomunikasi yang
berkaitan dengan istilah tersebut
2. Apakah pengendalian supaya excavation bisa
diminimalisir, sebutkan contohnya
3. Jekaskan definisi dan contoh confinend space
4. Bagaimanakan pengendalian confinend space dan
contoh di bidang telekomunikasi
5. Berikan contoh contoh dan kegunaan peralatan
kerja bidang telekomunikasi