People communicate every day to build and maintain

relationships, recognize and understand themselves, and find

meaning in daily situations.
 A process that takes part when a person wants to convey a
message. This is what connects us as human beings. Society
cannot function without communication whether face-to-face
or video conferencing across international boundaries.
 COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE STRATEGIES IN

VARIOUS SPEECH SITUATIONS

Speech Context Speech Style Speech Act Communicative Strategy

 -> It is about the environment where the communication
happens and how the message is relayed during the process.
-> Knowing the speech context of a conversation helps us
understand the message and provide clear, appropriate
feedback.
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal - Dyad and Small Group
Public Communication
Mass Communication
 -> Someone can act by saying something. Through
speech acts, the speaker can convey physical action
merely through words and phrases.

Representative/Assertive
Locutionary Act
Directives
Illocutionary Act Commissive
Perlocutionary Act Expressive
Declarations
 -> A variation of speech that is said when
people communicate with others.
-> Each person has a different style when they

speak depending on the situation.

Frozen Style Casual Style

Formal Style Intimate Style
Consultative Style
 -> When used by the Speaker (and occasionally the Listener), it
enables the Message and its Delivery to be adjusted/modified.

-> Applying such strategies guarantees not only the achievement

of the speech purpose but also the improvement of the speaker's
and listener's communication experience.

1. Nomination
5. Topic Shifting
2. Restriction
6. Repair
3. Turn-Taking
7. Termination
4. Topic control
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Explains that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act, and

communicative strategy affects the following:

o Language Form
o Duration of interaction
o Relationship of speaker
o Role and responsibilities of the speaker
o Message
o Delivery
What do you mean by

'Shifting'?
Speech Context
Speech Style
Speech Act
Communicative Strategy
Language form
Duration of interaction
Relationship of speaker
Role and responsibilities of the speaker
Message
Delivery
Refers to the intent of the group of words or types of sentences,
internal grammatical structure of words and phrases as well as the
words themselves.
This does not concerns the variety of languages but may take the
forms that reflect the types of competencies. (Lander, 2016.)
 1. Formal -> characterized by the use of standard English, more complex
sentence structures.
2. Informal -> allows the use of nonstandard English forms and typically shorter
sentence structures
Colloquial / Casual -> commonly used in everyday, unconstrained conversation
3. Slang -> a vocabulary that is used between two people who belong to the same
social group and who know each other well.
4. Jargon -> refers to the specialized language of a professional or occupational
group. While this language is often useful or necessary for
those within the group, it is usually meaningless to outsiders.
1. Declarative - making statements
2. Interrogative - asking questions
3. Imperative - giving commands, direct a request,
instructions, or an order
4. Exclamatory - expressing strong emotion
LANGUAGE FORM IN SPEECH CONTEXT

INTRAPERSONAL AND INTERPERSONAL

blend of language forms can be both observed
can use formal or informal language

PUBLIC AND MASS COMMUNICATION

declarative languages are often used
mostly formal language
 Example of Language Form in Speech Context

INTERPERSONAL INTRAPERSONAL
Dyad If you are talking to yourself, you use informal
> interview - formal language (casual) language
> a friend - informal language (casual,
colloquial, slang) PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Small group Delivering a speech - formal language
> a group of friends - informal

language (casual, colloquial, slang)

>professionals - jargon MASS COMMUNICATION
Delivering a news report - formal language
 LANGUAGE FORM IN SPEECH STYLE
FROZEN AND FORMAL STYLE
formal language
mostly declarative CASUAL AND INTIMATE STYLE
informal language
blend of declarative, interrogative
CONSULTATIVE STYLE
and exclamatory
mostly formal language is
used
interrogative
 LANGUAGE FORM IN SPEECH ACTS
ASSERTIVE AND DECLARATION SPEECH ACTS
formal or informal language
mostly declarative

EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACT

informal language
mostly exclamatory

DIRECTIVE AND COMMISIVE SPEECH ACTS

mostly informal language
imperative
LANGUAGE FORM IN COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGIES
NOMINATION, TURN-TAKING AND TOPIC SHIFTING
formal or informal language
mixed forms of interrogative and imperative type of sentences

TOPIC CONTROL, REPAIR AND TERMINATION

formal or informal language
mostly require the use of declarative and exclamatory type of
sentences
 It is defined as the length or time of the
communication it could lengthen or shorten
depending on how the conversation is going
on between the speaker and the receiver
interacting.
DURATION OF INTERACTION IN SPEECH CONTEXT
The duration of interaction as to shifts in speech context depends on the
intent of the communication

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
mostly lengthy
e.g. someone can speak to himself/herself overnight to
reminisce experiences or reflect personal decisions

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
sometimes short, sometimes long
depends on who you are talking to and what you are talking about
DURATION OF INTERACTION IN SPEECH STYLE
FROZEN STYLE
in reciting a pledge or oath - mostly short in duration
recitation of series of scripts (e.g. holy week celebration) is quite
lengthy

FORMAL, CONSULTATIVE, AND INTIMATE

may take an average time of one to two hours
if you talk to a stranger (e.g. asking for directions) - it takes the
shortest duration of interaction

CASUAL STYLE
short or long
depends on who you are talking to and what you are talking about
DURATION OF INTERACTION IN SPEECH ACT
ASSERTIVE DIRECTIVES
often short in the form of requests or commands
depends on how the receiver will are often the shortest
react
COMMISSIVE
DECLARATIONS
promises or threats - are often short
depends on the context
pledges during formal meetings - require
e.g. Referee: You're out! - short time
considerable time

EXPRESSIVES
sometimes take the longest duration of interaction
e.g. sharing of personal experiences and stories
 DURATION OF INTERACTION IN
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
Common strategies in communication such as NOMINATION, TURN-
TAKING, TOPIC SHIFTING, and REPAIR do not require significant
time.

TOPIC CONTROL
may be too lengthy in controlling the topic
the speaker must ensure that during the entire process of
communication, the discussion of the topic does not go beyond the
indicated agendum.
When there is a particular connection between the speaker
and the receiver.
Bond between the encoder and decoder which may affect
depend on how the discussion relate to receivers' interests
and knowledge.
Establishing a strong-positive relationship with the audience is a vital aspect of
the communication process. However, this may also be affected if the speaker
may abruptly shifts in strategy without considering the nature and profile of the
audience.

Generally, the speaker is expected to create positive relationships

among his/her listeners. Positive relationship does not mean having

an intimate or familial relationship with everyone. This means
creating an acceptable, desirable, recognizable, reputable, and
respectful image among the receivers/listeners/audiences. This
lessens emotional barriers like envy and hatred but develops a positive
and accepting atmosphere on the part of the receivers of the message.
 Creating positive relationships begins even
before standing on a stage. This can be done
by smiling, greeting someone, and reflecting

on humble and polite characteristics.

Having a positive relationship is applicable
and advisable across speech acts, speech
contexts, speech styles, and
communicative strategies for effective
communication.
A change depending on your listener and the context. If
you are a child to your parent, you are a student to your
teachers.
Foremost role is to clearly send the message to the
intended receiver
 The speaker’s foremost role is to clearly send the message to the intended
receiver. Except in intrapersonal communication and most frozen styles,
the speaker can interchange roles as both the speaker and the receiver but
not at the same time. He can use various speech acts and communicative
strategies to successfully relay his intended message and receive acceptable

feedback.

In public speaking and mass communication, it is the responsibility of

the speaker to be credible, presentable, friendly, and enthusiastic, relay
accurate facts, relay to the listeners’ situations, feelings, and motives,
make the topic relevant, and properly observe ethics with positive
intentions for the audience.
The core concept of the interaction.
Statement conveyed from one person or group to
another.
Objectives:
Content • Opinions
Structure
- topic
- tone
- time
- thoughts
Information
5 Types of Purpose (at the very least)
1. To Persuade
2. To Inform
3. To Entertain
4. To Instruct
5. To Describe
 MESSAGE IN SPEECH CONTEXT
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
may be in the form of reflections, decision-
making, self-fulfillment, and experiences
PUBLIC and MASS COMMUNICATION
reflect national and general issues
concerning the community or the
country.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Dyad and small group discussions may
reflect socialization topics and messages.
 MESSAGE IN SPEECH STYLE
FROZEN STYLE
often observes traditional, religious, and ritualistic message

FORMAL and CONSULTATIVE STYLES

often present academic, political, educational, and scientific messages.

CASUAL and INTIMATE STYLES

often speaks of social, familial, and general topics as the message.
 MESSAGE IN SPEECH ACTS

The messages in speech acts vary

depending on their purpose which

allows the person to direct, assert,
commit, express, and declare ideas.
 MESSAGE IN COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGIES
Since
communicative strategy deals more
with the approach of presenting the message.
This reflects all topics and messages that can
be nominated and terminated.
 DELIVERY
This refers to the manner of how the speech or

message is presented.

The speaker needs to adjust his way of sending the

message that best suits the contexts and styles of
communication.

There are many ways and types of delivering,

for example: Impromptu, Extemporaneous,
Manuscript Reading
DELIVERY IN SPEECH CONTEXT
INTRAPERSONAL and INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Impromptu - Dyad communication
Extemporaneous - Small Group discussions (e.g. inside the room or
team)

MASS and PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

Manuscript reading
(e.g. SONA)
DELIVERY IN SPEECH STYLES
FROZEN STYLE
mostly memorized delivery FORMAL and CONSULTATIVE
memorization of scripts STYLES
may be guided by notes and
extemporaneous by nature

CASUAL and INTIMATE STYLES

often impromptu by nature
DELIVERY IN SPEECH ACTS
REPRESENTATIVES, DIRECTIVES, COMMISSSIVE
and EXPRESSIVES
Impromptu - since messages may come instantly

DECLARATIONS
Extemporaneous or Manuscript means of delivery -
on the part of the government and scientific
community
 DELIVERY IN COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGIES
All of the communicative strategies can be observed in a

small group discussion.

Delivery in terms of nomination inside a school organization meeting

may be shifted with guides from nomination to turn–taking, topic
control, topic shifting, and termination as commonly seen in programs.

Repair may come in impromptu.

 How does shifting of

communicative strategy

affect the delivery?

When we interfere a discussion in the middle or

there is a shift in the communication strategy, it

affects the communication a lot in terms of

information, speech context, speech style and

many more. The message delivered is also

stopped and some other conclusion is drawn.

How does the shift of speech

context style and strategies

affect the way you

communicate?
 When we change the any of the four, speech

style, speech context, speech act and

communicative strategy, it affects the

language a lot. It gives a completely different

impression to the listener and changes the

duration of interaction considerably.

Short
Quiz
Identification.
1. It refers to the bond between the sender and receiver which may affect
depending on how the discussion relates to the receivers' interests.
2. This deals with the internal grammatical structure of words and phrases
including vocabulary.
3. It is defined as the length of time of the communication it could lengthen or
shorten depending on how the conversation is going on between the speaker
and the receiver.
4. This is what connects us as human beings.
5. This refers to the manner in how the speech or message is presented.
6. Responsibility to clearly send the message to the intended receiver.
7. According to whom? Said the line 'People communicate every day to build and
maintain relationships, recognize and understand themselves, and find
meaning in daily situations.'
8. This does not concerns the variety of languages but may take forms that
reflect the types of competencies. (Lander, 2016.)
9. A process that takes part when a person wants to convey a message.
10. It refers to the statements conveyed from one person or group to another.
GROUP ACTIVITY TIME!