LESSON PLAN IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

(GRADE 11)

FIRST QUARTER
WEEK 1 to 3
Day 2

Date: June 13, 2018

Time: 2:00-3:00pm

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to:

a. uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/ she needs
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4)

Content Standard: The learner acquires knowledge of appropriate reading strategies for a better
understanding of Academic texts.

Performance Standard: The learner produces a detailed abstract of information gathered from the
various academic text read.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Reading Academic Texts

B. Reference: English for Academic and Professional Purposes Curriculum Guide
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4), English for Academic and Professional Purposes Module
C. Materials:
Hand-outs
Manila paper
Marker
Chalk

III. PROCEDURE

A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
a. Prayer
b. Greetings
c. Checking of Attendance
d. Review of previous lesson
e. Checking of Assignments

1. Activity/Motivation
Activity 1: Form a group with 5 members then choose one member who has a
good acting prowess. The chosen member shall act-out the word written on a
 sheet of paper which will be provided by the teacher while the other members try
to guess within one minute.
1. Duck
2. Dog
3. Cat
4. Kangaroo
5. Monkey
6. Fish
7. Bird
8. Elephant
9. Penguin
10. Chicken

Unlocking Difficulties
1. Virtual- existing or occurring on computers or on the internet.
2. Hominins- any of taxonomic tribe (Hominini) of huminids that includes recent humans
together with extinct ancestral and related forms.
3. Iconic- widely known and acknowledged specially for distinctive excellence.
4. Gesticulate- to move your arms and hands especially when speaking in an angry or
emotional way.
5. Pedagogy- the art, science, or profession of teaching.

2. Analysis
1. What is your idea about Advantages of Arbitrary Symbols?

3. Abstraction

(CONTINUATION)
From Hand to Mouth
Michael C. Corballis

Advantages of Arbitrary Symbols

(6) One possible advantage of vocal language is its arbitrariness. Except in rare cases of
onomatopoeia, spoken words cannot be iconic, and they therefore offer scope for creating
symbols that distinguish between object or actions that look alike or might otherwise be
confusable. The names of similar animals, such as cats, lions, tigers, cheetahs, lynxes, and
leopards, are rather different. We may be confused as to which animals is which, bur at least it is
clear which one we are talking about. The shortening of words overtime also makes
communication more efficient, and some of us have been around long enough to see this happen:
television has become TV or telly, microphone has been reduced to mike (or mic), and so on. The
fact that more frequent words tends to be shorter than less frequent ones was noted by the
American philologist George Kingsley Zipf, who related it to a principle of “least effort.” So
long as signs are based on iconic resemblance, the signer has little scope for these kinds of
calibration.
(7) It may well have been very important for hunter-gatherers to identify and name a great many
similar fruits, plants, trees, animals, birds, and so on, and attempts at iconic representation would
eventually only confuse. Jared Diamond observes that the people living largely traditional
lifestyle in New Guinea can name hundreds of birds, animals, and plants, along with details
about each of them. These people are illiterate, relying on word of mouth to pass on information,
not only about potential foods, but also about how to survive dangers, such as crop failures,
droughts, cyclones, and raids from other tribes. Diamond suggests that the main repository of
accumulated information is elderly. He points out that humans are unique among primates in that
they can expect to live to a ripe old age, well beyond the age of child bearing (although perhaps
it was not always so). A slowing down of senescence may well have been selected in evolution
because the knowledge retained by the elderly enhanced the survival of their younger relatives.
An elderly, knowledgeable granny may help us all live a little longer, and she can also look after
the kids.

(8) In the naming and transmission of such detailed information, iconic representation would
almost certainly be inefficient: edible plants or berries could be confused with poisonous ones,
and animals that attack confused with those that are benign. This is not to say that gestural signs
could not to do the trick. Manual signs readily become conventionalized and convey abstract
information. Nevertheless, there may be some advantage to using spoken words, since they have
virtually no iconic content to begin with, and so provide a ready-made system for abstraction.

(9) I would be on dangerous ground, however, if I were to insist too strongly that speech is
linguistically superior to signed language. After all, students at Gallaudet University seem pretty
unrestricted in what they can learn; signed language apparently functions well right through to
university level- and still requires students to learn lots of vocabulary from their suitably elderly
professor. It is nevertheless true that many signs remain iconic, or at least partially so and are
therefore somewhat tethered with respect to modifications that might enhance clarity or
efficiency of expression. But there may well be a trade- off here. Signed language may easier to
learn than spoken ones. Especially in initial stages of acquisition, in which the child comes to
understand the linking of objects and the action with their linguistic representations. But spoken
languages, ones acquired, may relay messages more accurately, since spoken words are better
calibrated to minimize confusion. Even so, the iconic component is often important, and as I look
the quadrangles outside my office I see how freely the students there are embellishing their
conversations with manual gestures.

In The Dark
(10) Another advantage of speech over gesture is obvious: we can use it in the dark! This enables
us to communicate at night, which not only extends the time available for meaningful
communications but may also have proven decisive in the competition for space and resources.
We of the gentle species Homo sapiens have a legacy of invasion, having migrated out of Africa
into territories inhabited by other hominins who migrated earlier. Perhaps it was the newfound
ability to communicate vocally, without the need for a visual component that enabled our fore-
bearers to plan, and even carry out, invasion at night, and so vanquish the earlier migrants.

(11) It is not only a question of being able to communicate at night. We can also speak to people
when objects intervene and you can’t see them, as when you yell to your friend in another room.
All this has to do, of course, with the nature of sound itself, which travels equally well in the
dark as in the light and wiggles its way around obstacles. The wall between you and the base
drummer next door may attenuate the sound but does not completely block it. Vision, on the
other hand, depends on light reflected from an external source, such as the sun, and is therefore
ineffective when no such source is available. And the light reflected from the surface of an object
to your eye travels in rigidly straight lines, which means that it can provide detailed information
about shape but is susceptible to occlusion and interference. In terms of the sheer ability to reach
those with whom you are trying to communicate, words speak louder than actions.

4. Application

-The teacher will group the students into four and let them summarize the Advantages
of Arbitrary Symbols. In 1 whole sheet of paper.

IV. Evaluation:
Direction: Answer the following questions below:
1. What is onomatopoeia?
2. Who is the American philologist mentioned in the passage?
3. What is Jared Diamond observes?
4. Another advantage of speech over gesture is?
5. What is Visual Signal?

V. Assignment:
In ½ cw. Explain what you understand about the phrase, “Three hands better than two”?