Japanese Invasion

 December 8, 1941 - Pearl Harbor wasbombed and promptedthe US to go to war

 The attack on the Philippines started onDecember 9, 1941, ten hours after the attack onPearl Harbor
in Hawaii. As at Pearl Harbor, theAmerican aircraft were entirely destroyed on theground. Lacking
air cover, the American AsiaticFleet in the Philippines withdrew to Java onDecember 12, 1941.
 Japanese troops landed at the Lingayen Gulf on December 22, 1941, andadvanced across central
Luzon towardsManila.
 The Japanese planned to move swiftlyand win victories before the United Statescould respond with
force.
 On the advice of President Quezon,General MacArthur declared Manila anopen city on December
25, 1941, andremoved the Commonwealth governmentto Corregidor. The Japanese occupiedManila
on January 2, 1942.
 Pres. Quezon summoned Gen. DouglasMacArthur and was assigned FieldMarshall of the Philippine
Army. Trainingof citizen soldiers was undertaken in thepreparation for War.
 Air attacks took place at Baguio, Tarlac,and the naval and air installations atSubic, Zambales and
Clark, Pampanga.In the south, Davao received its first airraid on the same day.
 The Japanese landing at Lingayenbrought Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma,commander of the Japanese
14th Armyforces which invaded the Philippines.
 Manila was attacked as early asDecember 9, 1941.
 January 2, 1942 – The first Japanesecontingent entered Manila and Lt. Gen.Homma declared the
end of Americanrule in the Philippines and imposedmartial law in all occupied areas.

Japanese Occupation
 On January 3, 1942, General MasaharuHomma issued a proclamationannouncing the end of
the Americanoccupation.
 Japanese Military Forces declared martial law. Rules during martiallaw:
1.First Order: Surrender of all firearms
2.Detention camps became places of torture.
3.Priests suspected of engaging in subversion activities were also imprisoned.
4.As early as January 14, 1942, Colonel Murosawa head of thereligious section of the
Japanese Army issued a Declaration toChristians in the Philippines. By 1943, parish
priests were beingrequired to use their pulpits to convince the people that it wasuseless
to resist Japanese rule.
5.General Homma allowed the Commonwealth to stay forthe moment. He ordered all
public officials to continueto discharge their duties.
6.Curfew first from 8:00pm – 6:00am then from 12:00mn –6:00am.
7.Total black out was lifted on May 4,1942 after the fall ofBataan.
8. Arbitrary arrests and executions were done by thekempeitai (military police) any time
of the day.
9. “Kura” most feared word (inward wave of hand meant “comehere!” signified disaster
and outward wave of hand meant“dismiss” or “scram”).
10. Many were also executed on mere suspicion of being with theresistance movement.
11. No one could travel without a pass from its army. (Thisprohibition in travel was lifted
after the fall of Corregidor.
12.Taliba, La Vanguardia, Tribune, andLiwayway were allowed to continuepublication
but under rigid censorship bythe government.
13. Many theaters switched from movies tostage shows.
 Mickey Mouse Money wascirculated that provoked inflation insuch alarming situation Life
Duringthe War Time Years
 Bataan DeathMarch
 For the next three months, thecombined U.S.-Filipino army held outdespite a lack of
naval and airsupport. Finally, on April 9, with hisforces crippled by starvation
anddisease, U.S. General Edward KingJr. (1884-1958), surrendered his approximately
75,000 troops atBataan.
  April 9, 1942 – The prisoners weredisarmed and was told to march to Bataan105
kilometers to the north.
 April 10-15, 1942, From Bataan to CampO’ Donnell, 76,000 POWS were captured.
 Comfort Women – According to a research report of one sectionof SCAP, there were 12
houses of relaxation(comfort stations) and 5 brothels for privatesand non-commissioned
officers.
 The Puppet Government – Quezon and Osmeña had accompaniedthe troops to Corregidor
and later left forthe United States, where they set upa government-in-exile. MacArthur
wasordered to go to Australia, where hestarted to plan for his return to thePhilippines.
 KALIBAPI
 On December 2, 1942– The KALIBAPI(KapisanansaPaglilingkodsa BagongPilipinas), a
non-political party, wasestablished.
 KALIBAPI’s aim was to bring about therapid reconstruction of the Philippines andthe
rehabilitation of the Filipino people.
 The Japanese military authoritiesimmediately began organizing a newgovernment
structure in the Philippines.
 June 18, 1943 – KALIBAPI membersappointed a committee to nominate themembers
of the Preparatory Commission forPhilippine Independence(PCPI)
 June 19, 1943– KALIBAPI, only politicalparty that time, held a convention
and“elected” 20 members of PreparatoryCommission for Philippine
Independence(PCPI, Please Cancel PhilippineIndependence) as in-charge of framing
aconstitution for the forthcoming “Republic”
 The Japanese worked for the enlistmentof the Philippines into the Greater EastAsia
Co-Prosperity Sphere. Reforming the Philippine Government
 September 4, 1943: Constitution wasbrought to the public
 September 7, 1943: Ratification of theJapanese-sponsored Constitution(Preamble
and twelve articles)
 On September 20, 1943, the KALIBAPI-under the leadership of its directorgeneral
 The New Republic
 To elect 54 members of the NationalAssembly
 President: Jose P. Laurel
Vice President: Benigno Aquino Sr. AndRamon Anancena
 Problems of the republic:
 Shortages of food,clothing, oil, and othernecessities
 President Laurel was faced with many pressures and problems because of warand
Japanese occupation
 HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban samgaHapon)
 The Japanese occupation waseffectively opposed by guerillawarfare, one resistance
group inCentral Luzon was known asHUKBALAHAP was led by LuisTaruc, a
communist party membersince 1939.
 MacArthur’s Return – “People of the Philippines, I have returned!”
 On October 20, 1944, MacArthur waded ashore onto the Philippine
island of Leyte. That day, he made aradio broadcast in which hedeclared, Philippine
Liberation fromthe Japanese
 Sergio Osmena, Sr.as President ofthe Commonwealth since ManuelQuezon died in
August 1, 1944.
 July 1945, Gen MacArthur took overthe Philippines from the Japanese.
 August 15, 1945, Japanesegovernment surrendered to the Americans after the
bombing ofHiroshima and Nagasaki Japan.
 End of war in the Pacific.