 Amides are less basic then amines because in amide lone pair of nitrogen atom involves in

resonance with -c=o- group

 Replacement of h atom of amine by

3)Carbyl amine ‘or’ isocyanide test-

Carbyl amine ‘or’ isocyanide- -N=C

 This reaction or test is shown by only 1 degree amine (aliphatic and aromatic both)
 When 1 degree amine heated with alcoholic KOH and CHCl3(chloroform) gives foul smell of
isocyanide (carbylamine)
 This test can be used to distinguished between 1 degree, 2 degree, 3 degree

4)reaction with HNO2-

HNO2(nitrous acid) is highly unstable and will be prepared only during the reaction

Reaction with HNO2 shown by only 1 degree amine (aliphatic and aromatic both)

 Benzene diazonium salt exists when temperature is 0-5 degree Celsius but, if temperature is
more than 5 degrees then it will convert into phenol

 Benzene diazonium salt exists when temperature is 0-5 degree Celsius because the positive
charge of ‘N’ atom cannot b dispersed
5) reaction with benzene sulphonyl chloride ‘or’ Heinsberg test

This test is used to distinguish between degree amines

ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUION REACTION OF ANNILINE

NH3 group is highly ring activating and ortho para directive group

1. Bromination or bromine water test-

2. On direct annilation of anile the product will be 2,4,6 tribromoanniline (trisubstituted)

because -NH2 is a very highly ring activating group due to its basic character
3. To obtain monosubstituted product we have to reduce the basic strength of aniline and it
can be done by converting amine into amide by process of acetylation.

NITRATION-
On direct nitration aniline gives trinitroaniline

During the nitration of aniline substantial amount 47% of meta product also forms because during
the nitration of aniline there is a formation of annilinium ion which is meta directive

3) SULPHONATION

 Zwitter is a dipolar ion formed by transfer of h+ ion from acidic group to the basic group
within the same molecule
3) FRIEDAL CRAFT REACTION

 Aniline being Lewis base reacts with AlCl3(Lewis acid) to form a salt
As a result, ‘N’ atom of aniline acquires positive charge and hence it acts as a strong
deactivating group for electrophilic substitution reaction. Consequently, aniline does not
undergo Friedel craft reaction
DIAZZONIUM CELL
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Sandmeyer’s reaction-

2. Reaction with H3PO2 (hypo phosphorus acid) H3PO2 acts as a reducing agent and itself will
undergo oxidation and will convert into H3PO3

3. Reaction with CH3CH2OH(ethanol) CH3CH2OH acts as a reducing agent

4. Reaction with HBF4 and NaNO2-

5. Complaining reaction ‘or’ azo dye test-

The reaction of diazonium salt with phenol or aniline to form colored azo compound is
called coupling or azo dye test.