A. Ejijhusurm ^rai
^raisdgreasm
sdgreasm Pacyu nai Mephmbasmiya
Mephmbasmiya tjrcanap Fgrab
Bjkjra`aeai

Mshae anahac dmreai ^ucai yai` ejiljhasbai syarmat-syarmat-Iya yai`

nmeabsunbai sjka`am pjtuilub ka`m eaiusma uitub ejifapam bjkaca`maai nm nuima nai
abcmrat, tjreabtuk nahae iasc (tjbs sufm) bjeunmai nmcmepui nahae scuḢud
nahae  scuḢud nai Bmtak
Vufm (Ah-Quraiuh Barme). Mshae nahae bainui`ai iasc atau tjbs-tjbs sufm nmkafa,
nmeji`jrtm, nmpacaem, bjeunmai nmtadsmrbai nai nmprabtmbbai nahae easyarabat yai`
smtuasm nai bginmsmiya kjrkjna-kjna. Bata grai`, Mshae abcmriya tmnab caiya ejhuhu
alarai yai` tjrfaitue nahae tjbs-tjbs sufm ejhamibai lu`a tjhac ejwulun nahae
cmstgrmsmtas bjeaiusmaai.

Pacyu nmdmreaibai uitub ejepjrpjinjb prgsjs pjekafaai tjrcanap ahae

(wacyu yai` tjrkjitai`). Apakmha eaiusma nmkjrm bjsjepatai uitub ejekafa nai
ejeacaem ahae nji`ai sj`jiap pgtjism iahar, rasa, nai lmwa yai` nmemhmbmiya, ma abai
ejekutucbai wabtu yai` haea uitub ejifapam lawakai dmiah. Iaeui kjrbat Pacyu,
 prgsjs yai` pailai` nai kjrhmbu tjrsjkut napat nmsmi`bat sjnjembmai rupa sjcmi``a
eaiusma tmnab pjrhu kjrsusac payac uitub ejinapatbai lawakai dmiah bjcmnupai.

Dabtgr sgsmah-kunaya nai kabat mitjhjbtuah yai` nmemhmbm ghjc easmi`-easmi` iakm
ejekuat Pacyu pui tjrdmreai nji`ai tjbimb nai fgitjit yai` kjrkjna. Pacyu Ahhac
abai nmtai`bap ghjc iakm kjrbjkai`saai Arak nai nmkjsarbai nahae tranmsm mitjhjbtuah
Arak, gtgeatms abai ejilanm Pacyu yai` kjrkacasa Arak hji`bap nji`ai buhtur Arak
 pana easa wacyu nmdmreaibai.

Ah-Qurai sjka`am wafaia hmsai sai`at bjitah nmwariam ghjc bgitjbs sgsmah-kunaya
nai smtuasm pjrmstmwa bgeuimbasm bjtmba ma nmdmreaibai ejhahum hmsai Iakm Eucaeean.
Mephmbasmiya, sjka`am wafaia hmsai, Ah-Qurai sjrmi` bahm eji``uiabai ra`ae ui`bapai
nai jbsprjsm bjkacasaai yai` eji`jnjpaibai bjtjrkubaai nai pjeabiaai yai`
nmiaems, sjhaea ma tmnab ejiymepai` narm bgitjbs bgeuimbasm tjrsjkut

Mshae yai` tjhac ejiyjkar bj sjhuruc pjiluru nuima, eau tmnab eau, carus
 kjranaptasm nji`ai imham-imham kunaya hgbah (bjarmdai hgbah). Vjka`am sukstaism, Mshae
ejrupabai imham-imham uimvjrsah yai` napat kjrmitjrabsm nji`ai imham-imham hgbah ((hgfah 
hgfah  
wmsnge)) uitub eji`casmhbai suatu igrea nai kunaya tjrtjitu. Mshae sjka`am raḢeatai
wmsnge
hmh ’āĢaemi tjrhjtab pana imham-imham nai prmismp-prmismp bjeaiusmaai uimvjrsah yai`
nmkai`ui atas nasar bgseghg`m taucmn. Imham-imham tjrsjkut sjhailutiya nmeaimdjstasmbai
nahae sjlarac ueat eaiusma ejhahum hgbahmtas jbsprjsm pji`aiutiya easmi`-easmi`.

K. Ejiaiyabai Ahasai _jrkjnaai Jbsprjsm nai _rabtmb Bjkjra`aeaai

^jrnapat nua cah yai` sjfara ngemiai ejepji`arucm nmiaemba nai strubtur
sgsmah easyarabat, yamtu a`aea nai kunaya hgfah. Nahae easyarabat Mingijsma, nua cah
tjrsjkut ejemhmbm pjraiai pjitmi` nahae ejekjitub barabtjr
b arabtjr nai pjrmhabu sgsmah yai`
bjeunmai sjrmi` nmsjkut sjka`am ‘latm nmrm― grai` Mingijsma. Barabtjr tjrsjkut ejwariam
 

caepmr sjeua aspjb sgsmah easyarabat Mingijsma kamb sjfara pghmtmb, jbgigem eaupui
sgsmah kunaya.

A`aea nmyabmim ejemhmbm imham-imham traisjinji sjcmi``a sjrmi` nmpacaem sjka`am

suatu ng`ea yai` babu. Iaeui, imham-imham kunaya rjhatmd nmpainai` hjkmc dhjbsmkjh
sjsuam bjsjpabatai-bjsjpabatai bgeuimtas uitub nmlanmbai sjka`am stainar igreatmd.
Barjia anaiya pjrkjnaai barabtjr a`aea nai kunaya mtuhac eaba sjrmi` bahm imham-imham
a`aea nmpjrtjitai`bai nji`ai imham-imham kunaya hgbah yai` sjkjiariya tjhac
ejepji`arucm pjrmhabu sgsmah sjsjgrai`.

Kjrkmfara tjitai` barabtjrmstmb eushme Mingijsma, artmiya kjrkmfara tjitai` rjhasm

aitara kunaya Mingijsma nai alarai Mshae. Lu`a pjrhu bmta bjtacum kacwa aitara a`aea
nai bjkunayaai tmnab kmsa nmpmsacbai barjia a`aea tmnab abai ejeaimdjstasm taipa
ejnma kunaya, nai kunaya tmnab abai kjrimham hucur taipa a`aea. Vjeuha Mshae
ejeaimdjstasm nahae kunaya Arak, hahu sjmrmi` nji`ai pjiyjkarai Mshae, ma pui
tjreaimdjstasm nahae kunaya-kunaya hamiiya.

Nmtji`aram anaiya ; fgrab utaea bjkjra`aeaai ueat Mshae Mingijsma, yamtu

sudmstmb tranmsmgiahms nai rjvmvahms duinaejitahms. Bjhgepgb pjrtaea sai`at abgegnatmd
tjrcanap pjrkjnaai nai pji`aruc huar, kacbai tghjrai tjrcanap prabtmb-prabtmb
bja`aeaai yai` tmnab sjlahai nji`ai rasmgiahmtas nai igrea-igrea Mshae sjinmrm.
Vjkahmbiya, bjhgepgb bjnua hjkmc rasmgiah nahae ejiymbapm tranmsm bja`aeaai, iaeui
fjinjrui` jbsbhusmd nai a`rjsmd tjrcanap prabtmb-prabtmb yai` nmai``ap tmnab 
ejemhmbm nasar cubue nahae alarai Mshae.

F. Eji``ahm Vuekjr Cmstgrms, Vgsmghg`ms, ^jghg`ms, nai Dmhgsgdms tjitai`

_rmkuemsasm Mshae

Mshae napat nmabsjituasmbai nji`ai kjrka`am fara sjsuam nji`ai bgitjbsiya.

Absjituasm Mshae yai` kjra`ae tjrsjkut nmeui`bmibai tjrlanm. Vahac satu pjiyjkakiya
barjia anaiya abuhturasm Mshae nji`ai kunaya hgbah. Abuhturasm Mshae nji`ai kunaya
hgbah tjrtjitu ejiuilubbai anaiya upaya prmkuemsasm Mshae.

Ejhahum prmkuemsasm, Mshae nmcarapbai napat canmr nahae nmiaemba bjcmnupai

bjbmimai nai ejilawak pjhka`am prgkhjeatmba sgsmah-kunaya yai` kjrbjekai`
nahae sjkuac ruai`, wabtu, nai `jg`radms tjrtjitu.

1. Ej
Eji`
i``a
`ahm
hm V
Vue
uekj
kjrr Cmst
Cmstgr
grms
ms

Apakmha bmta tji`gb tji`gb sjlarac pjrbjekai`ai Mshae nm Mingijsma, nabwac

yai` nmhabubai ghjc para nam yai` ejekawa Mshae bj Mingijsma sjhahu
ejepjrtmekai`bai bjarmdai hgbah (hgfah wmsnge)
wmsnge) yai` ejilanm rjahmtas bjkunayaai
nahae easyarabat Mingijsma. Bjkjra`aeai subu, kunaya, nai anat-mstmanat ejingrgi`
bjaijbara`aeai jbsprjsm bjmshaeai nm Mingijsma.
 

Nabwac Pahm Vgi`g nm _uhau Lawa ejrupabai fgitgc bgi`brjt nabwac yai`
sji`ala ejhabubai mibuhturmsasm Mshae. _ara wahm ejepjr`uiabai mistrueji-mistrueji
bjkunayaai yai` ana uitub ejeasubbai pjsai-pjsai Mshae. Emsahiya, tranmsm sjhaeatai
tm`a carm, tuluc carm, sjratus carm, pana easa nacuhu nm easyarabat Lawa nmhabsaiabai lmba
ai``gta bjhuar`a ejimi``ah nuima.
_ji`alarai Mshae sjpjrtm mim ejiaekac jbsgtmsej bjeaiusmaai nai eaepu
ejrjnubsm (eji`cminarm) bgistrubsm lmcan sjka`am jsbahasm psmbghg`ms-ejitah pjrai`.
Mshae eji`jnjpaibai bjcahusai kunm nahae ejekawa pjsai-pjsai ngbtrmi nai tjtap
eji`cmnupbai jbsprjsm hgbahmtas. _rmkuemsasm Mshae anahac psmbghg`m minm`jigs yai`
eji`jekai`bai spmrmtuahmtas bjkjra`aeaai kjrai`bat narm abar bjarmdai hgbah. Bcazaiac
bjarmdai hgbah mtu nmtadsmrbai ejekjitub varmasm bjkjra`aeaai yai` napat nmeabiam bj
nahae kjrka`am uisur kunaya. Ma eaepu eji``ukac sukstaism spmrmtuahmtas (taucmn) taipa
eji`ukac kjitubiya. Bjtmba taucmn eaepu nmkai`ui kjrsaea iarasm-iarasm hgbahmtas,
Mshae napat ejiyatu bj laitui` easyarabat yai` kjra`ae hatar kunaya. Nm smimhac Mshae
raḢeatai hmh ’āĢaemi nmprabtmbbai taipa ejiyabmtm eaiusma.

;. Ej
Eji`i``a
`ahm
hm su
suek
ekjr
jr sg
sgsm
smgh
ghg`m
g`mss
Mingijsma ejrupabai ij`ara nji`ai luehac pjinunub eushme tjrkjsar nm
nuima. Djigejia mim tjitu tmnab kmsa nmhjpasbai narm lasa para nam eushme sjpailai`
sjlarac easubiya Mshae nm Mingijsma. Ejrjba kjrasah narm Arak, _jrsma, Minma,
 kacbai narm Fmia. Bjnatai`ai ejrjba bj Mingijsma tmnab sala uitub ejepjrbjiahbai
Mshae, tjtapm lu`a nji`ai ejekawa sjpjrai`bat bjmheuai Mshae yai` sunac eji`ahaem
 prgsjs pji`jekai`ai nm taiac asahiya, ^meur ^ji`ac.

Vjkjhue Mshae natai`, pjinunub Mingijsma (kafa< Iusaitara) tjhac eji`aiut

a`aea, kamb yai` easmc prmemtmvj sjpjrtm aimemsej-nmiaemsej eaupui yai` sunac
 kjrkjitub a`aea dgreah sjpjrtm Cminu atau Kunnca. Iaeui njembmai, kjrnasarbai
fatatai sjlarac yai` ana, bjnatai`ai Mshae tmnab nmsjrtam nji`ai bgidhmb sgsmah-
bja`aeaai yai` fubup kjrartm. Bjkjrcasmhai mshaemsasm `jijrasm awah sjtmnabiya
nmsjkakbai ghjc nua dabtgr, yamtu dabtgr stratj`m nabwac nai dabtgr naya tarmb alarai
Mshae mtu sjinmrm. _jinunub prmkuem taepabiya tjrtarmb nji`ai a`aea karu tjrsjkut
barjia kjkjrapa cah, aitara
ai tara hami< prmismp j`ahmtarmai atau bjsjlalarai eaiusma pana satu

smsm, nai
 pana smsm fgrab sudmstmb
yai` hami. yai` ejwariam
Bjtjrtarmbai Mshae
tjrsjkut yai` kjrtaekac
sjeabmi nmkawa ghjcbjtmba
para nam mem`rai tjrsjkut
alarai-alarai egrah
tjrsjkut tjhac nmsjnjrcaiabai nai nmdgreuhasmbai nahae kunaya hgbah sjnjembmai rupa
sjcmi``a taepab sjka`am imham-imham yai` tjhac nmabrakm kai`sa Mingijsma baha mtu.

Alarai tjitai` bjsaeaai njralat yai` nmkawa Mshae tjitu ejiarmb bahai`ai
 prmkuem, tjrutaea nm bahai`ai yai` sjhaea mim cmnup nahae strata atau basta rjinac yai`
sjrmi` ejilanm gkljb jbsphgmtasm ghjc basta nm atasiya. _ana smsm hami, fgrab Mshae sudmstmb
 lu`a ejiarmb pjrcatmai pjinunub prmkuem barjia anaiya tmtmb-tmtmb pjrsaeaai nji`ai
bjpjrfayaai nai a`aea ejrjba. Mshae sudmstmb yai` sarat nji`ai alarai egrah nai
bgitjephatmd tmnab kj`mtu asmi` ka`m tranmsm easyarabat sjtjepat. Mtuhac sjkakiya, Mshae
 kmsa nmtjrmea sjfara naeam ghjc pjinunub prmkuem atau sjtmnabiya kmsa cmnup
 kjrnaepmi`ai nji`ai a`aea hami sjhaea kjrakan-akan.
 

6. Eji
Eji``a
``ahm
hm Vuekj
Vuekjrr ^jg
^jghg`
hg`ms
ms na
nai
i Dmh
Dmhgsg
gsgdms
dms

Vjfara tjghg`ms, taucmn kubai sjbjnar pji`abuai atau pjrsabsmai kacwa tmana
Mhac sjhami Ahhac, tapm pjeabiaai tjrcanap taucmn ejhaepaum narm sjbjnar pji`abuai
atas jbsmstjismiya yai` tui``ah. Lmba bmta tarmb pjeabiaai taucmn nahae raiac rjahmtas
fmptaai (eabchub), eaba taucmn kjrartm pji`abuai abai phurahmtas atas sjhami Nma
(eabchub-Iya). Caiya Nma yai` tui``ah, nai sjhami Nma anahac phurah.

Ah-Qurai lu`a eji`jeubabai, kacwa Ahhac ejiabnmrbai phurahmtas sjka`am

barabtjrmstmb eabchub fmptaai-Iya. _hurahmtas sjbahm`us ejilanm kubtm rjhatmvmtas
eabchub. Barjia smdat rjhatmvmtasiya tjrsjkut, eabchub Ahhac tmnab eui`bmi
ejiyaeam bjeuthabai Vai` _jifmpta.

Vjfara dmhgsgdms, prmkuemsasm Mshae nmnasarm ghjc paranm`ea sudmstmb tjitai`

sukstaism bjkjra`aeaai. Nahae paranm`ea sudmstmb, a`aea ejemhmbm nua walac yamtu
aspjb jsgtjrmf (aspjb nahae) nai aspjb jbsgtjrmb (aspjb huar). Nahae tatarai jsgtjrms,
sjeua a`aea anahac saea barjia ma kjrasah narm ^ucai ]ai`tui``ah. Nahae
 painai`ai sudmstmb, kacbai nmbatabai sjeua yai` eaulun nm ahae mim pana
cabmbatiya kjrasah narm Pulun ]ai`satu (^ucai ]ai` Eaca Jsa). Ahae fmptaai
nji`ai phurahmtas eaimdjstasmiya pana cabmbatiya nmmbat ghjc sjkuac bjkjiarai
uimvjrsah yai` kjrasah narm Vai` _jifmpta ]ai`tui``ah. _jrkjnaai eaulun nahae
fmptaai ^ucai sjeuaiya nmkmi`bam nahae bjjsaai wulun. ^ucaihac satu-satuiya
wulun (hāwulŢn
(hāwulŢn mhhā Ahhāc).
Ahhāc).

Ejhahum prmkuemsasm Mshae, bmta nmalarm uitub ejijeubai bjminacai ^ucai

nahae pjhka`am bjpmi`ai jitmtas yai` tjrsjkar nm ahae mim. ^uluaiiya caiya uitub
ejij`asbai bjjsaai Ahhac. Eaiusma nji`ai kjrka`am barabtjrmstmb nai jbsprjsm
sgfmah kunayaiya pana cabmbatiya kjrsaea-saea ejeamibai dui`smiya uitub
ejiuilubbai bjjsaai Ahhac. Nji`ai bata hami, ^ucai canmr nahae sjtmap yai`
eaulun, ^ucai pui canmr nahae kjrka`am jbsprjsm kunaya eaiusma.