Name : Tina nurhayati

Matric no : 012020092298

Program :BNS

Subject : KNS2043-Nursing care II Cardiovascular and haemopoietic

system

1. rationale for blood transfusion to allay and gain client cooperation,for medical legal
purposes and may specify risk factors,prompt reporting of transfusion reaction and
discontinuation can help to minimize reaction,to reduce risk of administering wrong
blood to client,to ensure that client is comfort during procedure,dextrose solution is never
used because can cause coagulation of blood,for base line data to detect any transfusion
reaction through changes in vital signs,practicing blood product,to prevent also to
prefevent the bacteria into the blood stream,aloow accurate of regulation and to maintain
sterility of blood,to prevent air,to allow fluid from drib chamber,to discard air to prevent
air embolism and to prevent accidental spillage,to maintain sterility and also ensure the
blood transfusion safely,to stabilize iv cannula and avoid dislodgement and rapid,to
prevent pulmonary edemaand also ensure continuos flow and avoid blood,for document
purpose,for document purpose and analyzing purpose in case of blood reaction.

     Nursing Responsibility for blood transfusion patient should be correctly identified

and consent where applicabe explained and signed,procedure explained for cooperation
and the medical order is varified by a second nurse,observe the rights of the patient,the
blood must be transfused within 30 minutes after it had been collected from the blood
bank,use aseptic technique to keep devices free from infection,ensure devices used in are
undamaged,ensure Iv fluid is within its expiry date,insure Iv administration is via a
closed system,any problems encountered during siting of IV is recorded or reported,the
infusion rete is calculated properly,the patients vital signs is done and their condition
closely monitored,maintain patency of the line,all actions are documented in the patients
notes and onthe fluid balance chart

1. nursing Responsibility in bone marrow aspiration is describe and explain to client the
procedure sensations will be experience,risk,benefits and alrternatives,explain that they
will feel pressure sensation as the needle is advance into position,the actual aspiration
causes sharp but brief pain resulting from suction exerted as the marrow is aspirated into
the syringe,advice to take deep breaths or using relaxation technique to ease the
discomfrot,take signed informed consent from the client before procedure,stay with client
during procedure and advice them to stay still and maintain the position,observe client for
signs of complication such as bleeding and infection after procedure by advising them to
take warm tub baths and use mild analgesic,avoid aspirin-containing analgesic because
can aggrave any bleeding
2. risk factors in hypertansion is cardiovascular disease,the age (>55 for men,>65
women),people who like consume alcohol,they have a risk of developing hypertension,a
heavy smoker also,have a history of the family member who suffer diabetes
mellitus,elevated serum lipids,excess dietary sodium,and gender,and also ppl have family
history of hypertension,obesity (BMI >30),unhealthy lifestyle,and stress

   clinical manifestations for hypertension is frequently asymptomatic until severe and

target organ disease has occurred (fatigue,reduce activity
tolerance,dizziness,angina,dyspnea)

   management for hypertension is therapeutic lifestyle changes should be recommended

for all individuals with hypertension and pre-hypertension,a high degree motivation is
also needed to sustain the benefits of non pharmalogical treatment,it is also important to
remember that lifestyle modification,ineffective health maintenance,anxiety and also
sexual dysfunction,and also screening programs.

     for patient with stage 1 an observational period of three to six months is recommended
unless target organ involvement is already evident or the patient has at least one other
risk factor.

for stage 2 initiating theraphy with a combination of at least two drugs is

recommended,commbination theraphy is often required to achieve target and may be
instituted early. most patient can be effectively managed by their own family
practitioners,patient with conditions  should be reffered to the appropriate specialist for
further assessment (hypertensive urgency or emergency,suspected secondary
hypertension,resistant hypertension)

3. The planning health education for Mr rahman disease (myocardial infraction) is proper
medication compliance (right dose and right time,perform exercise,avoid/don't
smoke,follow the diet plan,maintain a healthy weight,manage the stress,signs and
symptoms be support
4.  nursing responsibility for patient is criteria for good functioning of water seal system
apparature(observe for the fluctuating movement of fluid inside the tubing,observe the
chest dreinage,watch for bubling in water seal bottle"intermitten bubling is
normal"),nursing care of the patient with water seal system (as a nurse we should have
proper knowledge of purpose,principles,equipments used and early signs and symptoms
of complication of water seal system,instructure the client and by standars how to clamp
the seal system in emergency situation and how to hendle the water seal system)

    assemble the bottle with tube and stopper and check their functioning,clamp the chest
tube near to the chest prior to disconnecting it,disconnect the bottle but remember that
chest tubing should not be contaminated,becertain that bottle are kept well below the
chest level,unclamp the chest tubing and check the functioning of the system,observe the
patient for any complication before leaving.