Analysis and Design of

Reinforced Concrete
AS3

M-Th 6:00-9:00pm
Course Description

Analysis and Design of Reinforced
Concrete using design formulas of the
National Structural Code of the
Philippines (NSCP 6th ed. 2010)
Course Objectives

Create a structural Model of the structure and
identify the main structural elements that
support the structure

Identify the force acting on the structural
model using previous knowledge in ES1,2,3.

Analyze the structural member due to the
loads superimposed on the structure
Course Objectives

Design and investigate structural
members using guidelines of the NSCP

To learn proper detailing of RC
members using NSCP guidelines.
Grading System

Quizzes – 30%

Prelims – 25%

Finals – 30%

Attendance – 7.5%

HW,SW,BW – 7.5%

Passing Grade - TBD
Material Comparison
Timber Steel R.C.
Homogeneous Homogeneous Non-homogeneous
Least Expensive Most Expensive Average
Least durable Same durability with Most Durable
concrete provided
proper detailing and
protection is done
during sonstruction
Renewable yet Readily available Most accesible
limited supply.
Easiest to Construct Most Flexible in
Construction
What is Reinforced Concrete

A construction material combining
Concrete and Reinforcing Steel.

It is used for almost all structures in
one form or another.
What is Reinforced Concrete

Concrete

Mixture of Sand, Gravel and crushed
rock(aggregate) held together in a rock like
mass with a paste of cemend and water

Is basically an artificial stone

Very High Compressive Strength

Very Low Tensile Strength
Why use Reinforced Concrete
W in KN/m

Section will survive relatively unscathed

Why use Reinforced Concrete
W in KN/m

T T
Cracks will appear at midspan starting
from the bottom of the section
Why use Reinforced Concrete

Early Builders used simple engineering solutions to
compensate for the lack of tensile strength of stone.

Using Continuous Arches

eliminates
Tension at midspans of
beams.
Why use Reinforced Concrete

Arches on old Bridges.
Why use Reinforced Concrete

FBD of an Arch.
Why use Reinforced Concrete

FBD of an Arch ver 2.

Using Buttresses also

eliminates Tension in ancient
structures.
Why use Reinforced Concrete
Why use Reinforced Concrete

Conclusion in using concrete/stone only.

Supporting structures like abutments and
buttresses tend to be MASSIVE!
Why use Reinforced Concrete

Providing Reinforcing steel will
compensate the Low Tensile Strength
of Concrete.

Because of Steels High Tensile Resistance

This will result in more slender structural
members of the structure

Will result in a material with a High
Compressive and Considerable Tensile
Strength.
Why use Reinforced Concrete

T T
Why use Reinforced Concrete

T T
Advantages of Reinforced
Concrete

Considerable compressive strength as
compared to other materials.

Ideal for foundations

Has great resistance to fire and water.

Best structural material for underwater and
off-shore applications

During fires of average intensity, RC
members suffer only surface damages
without failure
Advantages of Reinforced
Concrete

RC structures are very rigid.

Low Maintenance material and a very
long service life.

Can be casted into an extraordinary
variety of shapes.

Lower grade of skilled labor is required
for construction
Disadvantages of Reinforced
Concrete

Forms are required to hold the concrete
in place until it hardens sufficiently.

28 days for full concrete curing

An option is to use Pre-Cast Concrete or

Using admixtures

Produce High-Strength, Early Setting Concrete
(High-Early Concrete)
Disadvantages of Reinforced
Concrete

Low strength per unit weight of
concrete leads to heavy members as
compared to Structural Steel.

Recent Solutions/Advancements

Pre-stressed Concrete greatly reduces member
sizes.

Development of High-Strength Concrete

Compressive Strength (f’c) ranging from 8000psi to
as high as 20000psi (55 Mpa to 140 Mpa)
Disadvantages of Reinforced
Concrete

Properties of Concrete vary widely due
to variations in its proportioning and
mixing.
Material Properties
Reinforced Concrete

Compressive Strength (f’c)

Determined by testing to failure 28-day old
6”x12” concrete cylinders at a specified
rate of loading

21 Mpa(3000psi)
Ordinary Apps

28 Mpa(4000psi)

35 Mpa(5000psi)
Prestressed Construction

41 Mpa(6000psi)

55 Mpa(8000psi) to 70 Mpa(10000psi) – specialized
Apps
Material Properties
Reinforced Concrete

Static Modulus of Elasticity(Ec)

For normal weight concrete

Ec= wc1.5 (.043) f’c
Where:
f’c = compressive strength (Mpa)
wc = unit weight of concrete (kg/m3)
1500 to 2500

If normal crushed stone is used (2320 kg/m3)

Ec= 4700 f’c
Material Properties
Reinforced Concrete

Static Modulus of Elasticity(Ec)

For High Strength Concrete(f’c > 41 Mpa)

Ec= [3.32 f’c + 6895] (wc/2320)1.5

Material Properties
Reinforced Concrete

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity

Corresponds to very small instantaneous
strains obtained by sonic tests.

Generally 20% to 40% higher than the
Static E.

Used when structures are being analyzed
for dynamic loading (Seismic, Vibrations
etc)
Material Properties
Reinforced Concrete

Poisson’s Ratio

Ratio of lateral expansion to longitudinal
shortening

0.11 to 0.21 (ave. 0.16)

Shrinkage

Occurs during concrete curing and is
heavily dependent on the exposure type.

Manifests as cracking of the concrete
surface when water in the concrete
evaporates.
Material Properties
Reinforced Concrete

Shrinkage

Ways of preventing shrinkage

Keep the amount of water to a minimum

Practice proper curing techniques.

Place concrete in sections

Use construction joints to control the position
of cracks.

Use dense and non-porous aggregates
Material Properties
Reinforced Concrete

Creep

Long term deformation under sustained
loads

Usually occurs on Long span structures
with slender dimensions and sustained
loads.
Material Properties
Reinforcing Steel

May be in the form of bars (plain or
deformed) or welded wire fabric (wire
mesh)

Grades

Grade 40 – 275 Mpa (40000psi)

Grade 60 – 414 Mpa (60000psi)

Follows ASTM A615 standards

Originates from plain billet steel bars
Material Properties
Reinforcing Steel

Locally used Bar Sizes
Number Sizing SI Sizing
3 10mm
4 12mm
5 16mm
6 20mm
8 25mm
9 28mm
10 32mm
11 36mm
Basic Structural Members
Slab

Beam

Column
Joist

Girder

Foundation
 Basic Structural Members
Girder
Joist

Beam

Foundation
Slab Column
Design Codes

ACI-318 (American Concrete Institute)

NSCP 6th ed 2010
(National Structural Code of the
Philippines)