ORGANIC FARMING

(Community Service Project Report)

Submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted By
NAME OF THE STUDENT ROLL NUMBER
Y. ANUSHA 20A91A04K9

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs. Yamini Devi Ykuntam, M. Tech (Ph. D)
Senior Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE (A)

Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK & Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’
Grade
Recognized by UGC under the sections 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC act 1956
Aditya Nagar, ADB Road - Surampalem – 533437, E.G.Dist., A.P.,

2022-2023

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 Student’s Declaration

I, Y. Anusha, a student of B. Tech (ECE) Program, with Roll No.20A91A04K9 the

Department of ECE, ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, do here by

declare that I have completed the mandatory community service from on

06-11-2022 Surampalem under the Faculty Guide ship of Mrs. Y. Yamini Devi,

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, ADITYA

ENGINEERING COLLEGE.

By

Y. ANUSHA (20A91A04K9)

Project Guide Head of the Department

Mrs. Y. Yamini Devi Mr. V. Satyanarayana

Assistant professor Associate professor

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 CERTIFICATE
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

ADITYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK & Accredited by
NAAC with ‘A’ Grade
Recognized by UGC under the sections 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC act 1956
Aditya Nagar, ADB Road - Surampalem – 533437, E.G.Dist., A.P.,

This is to certify that the project report entitled ORGANIC FARMING is a

bonafide record of the project work done by
Y. ANUSHA 20A91A04K9

under my supervision and guidance, in the Department of Electronics &

Communication Engineering of Aditya Engineering College (A),
Surampalem for the academic year 2022-23.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Mrs. Y. Yamini Devi Mr. V. Satyanarayana
Assistant professor Associate professor

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies successful completion of any task would be in-complete
without the mention of the people who made it possible and whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all the efforts with success. The acknowledgement transcends the reality
of formality.

We are thankful to our beloved Mrs. Y. Yamini Devi, Assistant Professor who has spared her
valuable time and append novel ideas to guide us in lime light. We are indebted to her without
whom we not have culminated to the pinnacle of this project.

We also wish to convey our sincere thanks to Mr. V. Satyanarayana, Head of the Department
who provided vital information which was necessary of the project.

We are thankful to Dr.M. SREENIVASA REDDY, Principal, Aditya Engineering College

for providing appropriate environmental required for this project.

We are also thankful to all staff members, lab technicians, librarians, parents and friends who
are directly and indirectly helped us in the completion of the project with flying colours.

PROJECT MEMBERS
Y. ANUSHA (20A91A04K9)
L.SOFIYA (20A91A04M4)

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 ABSTRACT

Organic farming (OF) is a farming system that uses environmentally friendly methods of

weed, pest, and disease control. The principles and practices of Organic Farming have been
expressed in the standards of International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
(IFOAM) as the principle of health, ecology, fairness, and care. The organic movement began
after 1920, as a reaction by individual agricultural scientists and farmers against industrialized
agriculture. Three important movements have been received within first half of the twentieth
century: biodynamic, organic, and biological agriculture. In 1998, IFOAM adopted basic
standards for OF and processing. Organic production methods are those where at least 95% of
the ingredients of agricultural origin are organic. Organic content less than 70% in products
may not refer to organic production methods.
All countries have established special logos for organic production to indicate that
products are covered by the inspection scheme. Certified OF is now practiced in approximately
120 countries of the world. According to the last survey, more than 31 million ha is currently
managed organically by at least 623 174 farms worldwide. Enhanced soil fertility and higher
floral and faunal diversity were found in OF experiments.

Organic farming offers an alternative to more widespread, high input farming practices

that use synthetic fertilizers, fungicides and pesticides. It is based on the idea that the soil is a
living system so these synthetic products are largely excluded from organic farms. Organic
agriculture relies on crop rotation, animal manures, crop residues, green manures and the
biological control of pests and diseases to maintain soil health and productivity. Organic crops
are often of higher value than conventional ones and the volume of organic crops shows a
continually increasing production trend. The sale of crops labelled as organic or biological is
highly regulated in most advanced markets. The environmental impact of organic farming is
low and can be seen as a way of cleaning up and improving degraded agricultural land.
Organic farming, agricultural system that uses ecologically based pest controls and
biological fertilizers derived largely from animal and plant wastes and nitrogen-fixing cover
crops. Modern organic farming was developed as a response to the environmental harm caused
by the use of chemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers in conventional agriculture, and it has
numerous ecological benefits.

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 CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 History

1.2 Definition

2. Overview of the Community

3. Organic Farming in India

3.1 Need of Organic Forming

3.2 Methods of Organic Farming

4.

5. Outcome Description

6. Problems of the Community

7. Recommendations and Conclusions on Mini Project.

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 INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORY
The concepts of organic agriculture were developed in the early 1900s by Sir Albert
Howard, F.H. King, Rudolf Steiner, and others who believed that the use of
animal manure (often made into compost), cover crops, crop rotation, and biologically based
pest controls resulted in a better farming system. Howard, having worked in India as an
agricultural researcher, gained much inspiration from the traditional and sustainable farming
practices he encountered there and advocated for their adoption in the West. Such practices
were further promoted by various advocates—such as J.I. Rodale and his son Robert, in the
1940s and onward, who published Organic Farming and Gardening magazine and a number of
texts on organic farming. The demand for organic food was stimulated in the 1960s by the
publication of Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson, which documented the extent of environmental
damage caused by insecticides.
Organic food sales increased steadily from the late 20th century. Greater environmental
awareness, coupled with concerns over the health impacts of pesticide residues
and consumption of genetically modified (GMO) crops, fostered the growth of the organic
sector. In the United States retail sales increased from $20.39 billion in 2008 to $47.9 billion in
2019, while sales in Europe reached more than $52 billion (€45 billion) in 2019.
The price of organic food is generally higher than that of conventionally grown food.
Depending on the product, the season, and the vagaries of supply and demand, the price of
organic food can be anywhere from less than 10 percent below to more than 100 percent above
that of conventionally grown produce.

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DEFINITION:
The definition of organic farming states that it is an agricultural technique which sustains,
improves and maintains the standard of quality of our ecosystem. 
Organic farming is a mode of farming where the production of crops is done without using any
synthetic chemicals, recycled inorganic fertilisers, other harmful substances such as pesticides,
insect repellents, etc.
In simple terms, the meaning of organic farming is that it is a farming process where use of
fertilizers and pest control means are created or acquired from organic materials. Such a process
does not enforce a harmful and degrading effect on our environment. 

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 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE

COMMUNITY

According to Census 2011 information the location code or village code of Surampalem village
is 587374. Surampalem village is located in Gandepalle Mandal of East Godavari district in
Andhra Pradesh, India. It is situated 13km away from sub-district headquarter Gandepalle
(tehsildar office) and 27km away from district headquarter Kakinada. As per 2009 stats, P
Surampalem is the gram panchayat of Surampalem village.

The total geographical area of village is 1206 hectares. Surampalem has a total population of
3,990 peoples, out of which male population is 2,009 while female population is 1,981. Literacy
rate of surampalem village is 51.15% out of which 52.07% males and 50.23% females are
literate. There are about 1,141 houses in surampalem village. Pin code of surampalem village
locality is 533437.

Peddapuram is nearest town to surampalem for all major economic activities, which is
approximately 8km away.

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Pandavula Metta:

The Temple is located at a distance of 22 Kms from Kakinada, 45 Kms from

Rajahmundry and 85 Kms from Amalapuram. Sakuni who lost his kingdom and
who lost his father in the Yuga of Dwapara wanted to take revenge against Kuru
race kings. So that he entered the kingdom of Duryodhana as his uncle. Sakuni
was a scholar in Numerology. He captivated the heart of Duryodhana with his
pleasant words. In fact, Sakuni’s main aim was to ruin Kourava and Pandava
people totally.

10
 One day Duryodhana invited the Pandava brothers to participate in gambling.
Sakuni had a spiritual power of his father. The both parties started the gambling,
but with the spiritual power of the Sakuni’s father Duryodhana got victory.
According to the game rule Pandava brothers should leave their Kingdom for 12
years and spend 1 year unknowingly. Totally the period should be 13 years. So
Pandava brothers left their kingdom and started to visit several places in India.
On their way to Rameswaram they stayed some years in Peddapuram on a hill,
which was located in between Bay of Bengal and the river Godavari. The hill was
in a Jungle. Only Koya people were there. Because Addateegala, Rajavommangi
and Peddapuram were the main places of Koya people. The Pandava brothers
arranged a tunnel way to Rajahmundry from this hill through which tunnel they
used to have river bath. This hill was named after their name.

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Organic Farming in India:
Organic farming system in India is not new and is being followed from ancient time. It is a
method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating the land and raising crops in
such a way, as to keep the soil alive and in good health by use of organic wastes (crop, animal
and farm wastes, aquatic wastes) and other biological materials along with beneficial microbes
(biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops for increased sustainable production in an eco-
friendly pollution free environment.

FAO suggested that “Organic agriculture is a unique production management system which
promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil
biological activity, and this is accomplished by using on-farm agronomic, biological and
mechanical methods in exclusion of all synthetic off-farm inputs”.

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Need of Organic Farming:
With the increase in population our compulsion would be not only to stabilize agricultural
production but to increase it further in sustainable manner. The scientists have realized that the
‘Green Revolution’ with high input use has reached a plateau and is now sustained with
diminishing return of falling dividends. Thus, a natural balance needs to be maintained at all
cost for existence of life and property. The obvious choice for that would be more relevant in
the present era, when these agrochemicals which are produced from fossil fuel and are not
renewable and are diminishing in availability. It may also cost heavily on our foreign exchange
in future.
The key characteristics of organic farming include

 Protecting the long-term fertility of soils by maintaining organic matter levels,

encouraging soil biological activity, and careful mechanical intervention
 Providing crop nutrients indirectly using relatively insoluble nutrient sources which are
made available to the plant by the action of soil micro-organisms
 Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, as
well as effective recycling of organic materials including crop residues and livestock
manures
 Weed, disease and pest control relying primarily on crop rotations, natural predators,
diversity, organic manuring, resistant varieties and limited (preferably minimal) thermal,
biological and chemical intervention
 The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary
adaptations, behavioural needs and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition,
housing, health, breeding and rearing
 Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the
conservation of wildlife and natural habitats

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Methods of Ancient Organic Farming:

Mixed Cropping:

Mixed cropping, also known as inter-cropping or co-cultivation, is a type of agriculture that

involves planting two or more of plants simultaneously in the same field. Unlike our
monocultural systems today, inter-cropping provides a number of benefits, including natural
resistance to crop diseases, infestations and droughts.

Slash and Burn Agriculture:

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Slash and burn is a method of agriculture primarily used by tribal communities
for subsistence farming (farming to survive). Humans have practiced this method for about
12,000 years, ever since the transition known as the Neolithic Revolution—the time when
humans stopped hunting and gathering and started to stay put and grow crops. Today,
between 200 and 500 million people use slash and burn agriculture, roughly 7% of the
world’s population.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIRST WEEK

Day Person In-

& Brief description of the Charge
daily activity Learning Outcome
Dat Signature
e
We selected a village for the survey Initiative and planning
and took a permission from regional
government officials to conduct the
Day – 1
survey.
We started exploring the different Working collaboratively
with others.
fields in the village and understood
the condition in the community.
Day - 2

We visited the famous places in the Global engagement.

village and understood the condition
of the community.
Day - 3

We observed the major water Exploring the real world.

resources in the village i.e., canals,
village water tank etc.
Day – 4

We started interacting with the people To communicate

and enquired them about their type of effectively.
farming the village.
Day – 5

We interacted with the people in order Ability to know the current

to know the problems they are facing condition.
in that particular community.
Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – 1 (From Dt………..….. to Dt...................)

Objective of the Activity Done: Selecting and Exploring the Village.

Detailed Report:

For the purpose of Community Service Project, we firstly selected a village

“SURAMPALEM”.
In order to start the survey, we took a permission from the regional Sachivalayam.

After taking the permission, we started to explore the village.

We visited the agricultural fields and lands to understand the condition of the community.

The village Surampalem is a small and developing village with the good hygiene and contains

basic health conditions. We visited famous places in Surampalem and around the community

in order to know the history of the community. As a part of it, we visited “Pandavula Metta”,

“Maridamma Temple”,” Sri Surya Narayana Murthy Temple” and many more. As a part of

Education, we visited “Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya” that has been built from high standard

values immense respect for another. Along with the academics that it plays great attention to,

It inculcates in its students the understanding of how to deal with various life situations too.

Later we started to interact with the people and enquired them about their methods of farming.

The villagers were very hospitable, responsive and interacted with us very well. While

interacting with the people, we understood the need of organic farming, the history of

Organic farming, the methods of organic farming and the process how their ancestors had

managed all these processes to cultivate their crops in the process of Organic Farming, the

usage of organic manures and avoiding harmful pesticides and fertilizers to keep themselves

very healthy.

17
18
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SECOND WEEK

Day Person In-

& Brief description of the Charge
Date daily activity Learning Outcome Signature
We went to few fields in the Connection to and
community and asked about the water Contribution with the
requirement for the cultivation of a world.
Day – 1
crop.
We enquired about the geographical Connection with the
conditions required for the cultivation Nature.
of different crops.
Day - 2

We were supposed to know about the Contribution to Land.

usage of oraganic manures, fertilizers
and pesticides for agriculture.
Day – 3

We observed the conditions of soil Problem Solving

and nutrients present in it. Techniques.

Day – 4

We continued the survey and noticed Recognizing and

the major issues they are facing while Considering the issues.
cultivating a crop.
Day – 5

We observed that large number of people Commitment towards their

are going with Organic Farming. occupation.

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – 2 (From Dt………..….. to Dt...................)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

We interacted with the people in order to know about their lifestyle, their day-to-day
activities,
and many more. We were supposed to know about the geographical conditions like

the amount of rainfall, the level of water, etc. We also observed the availability of water and

how water is useful for agriculture. The different methods the people are using to cultivate

different crops are noticed. The ancient methods used for agriculture for the purpose of

cultivation of crops and their commitment towards their occupation is observed. Here

We observed the transport of waste water in the fields. We also noticed the usage of

organic manure, the use of pesticides and fertilizers and the methods to prevent the pests,

the techniques to improve the controlling pests and the methods to perform Organic Farming

and the new ideas they use for agriculture. We noticed the unnecessary usage of water which

is running downstreams. We discussed about different methods to save water and also

discussed about usage of bore wells helps us to save water. We let them know about

importance of water. In this scenario, we developed Leadership qualities and Orientation of

Team work. We also developed Problem Solving Skills. They had implemented the

techniques what we had discussed and found it useful. We listed down major issues what we

had observed and discussed among us in order to resolve them and different ideas to be

implemented to not to face any issues regarding the cultivation of crops by Organic Farming.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE THIRD WEEK

Day Person In-

& Brief description of the Charge
Dat daily activity Learning Outcome Signature
e
We observed the real condition of Figuring out the major
crops and problems obtained by using issues.
harmful fertilizers and pesticides
Day – 1
which are used in inorganic farming.
We observed the major reasons for the Cause for the occurrence of
occurrence of such problems in the problems.
community.
Day - 2

We gathered everyone and explained Teamwork.

the importance of Organic Farming
and discussed the disadvantages of
Day – 3
Inorganic farming.
We interacted with the officials at Interacting with Higher
Panchayati Raj and we were known Officials.
about the supply of fertilizers and
Day – 4 pesticides from the government.
We interacted with the villagers about Interacting with the
how government is supplying villagers.
fertilizers and pesticides for
Day – 5
agriculture.
We visited few farmlands to see the Observation of usage of
usage of fertilizers and pesticides. fertilizers and pesticides.

Day –6

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 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – 3 (From Dt………..….. to Dt...................)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

As a part of the Community Service Project, we figured out major issues regarding the
usage
of fertilizers and pesticides which are used in inorganic farming. It helped us to come up
with
new innovative ideas to resolve the issues they were facing. The main objective was to

communicate with the people to know about their problems they were facing so that we

might find some solutions to it.

We explained the importance of Organic Farming to the villagers and also discussed the

disadvantages of Inorganic Farming and also discussed the disadvantages of using harmful

fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, insecticides which prevent the soil from soil erosion. We

also discussed about the adoption of ancient methods of farming helps us to stay healthy
which
are very easy to cultivate different crops and letting them know that they are economical.

Adopting ancient methods like Mixed Cropping or Intercropping involves planting two or
more
of plants simultaneously in the same field.

Slash and Burn Agriculture or shifting Agriculture is a method of tending domesticated

crops
that involves the rotation of several plots of land in a planting cycle.

We had discussed about how the government is helping the villagers for agriculture by

providing the fertilizers and pesticides for low cost with the Panchayati Raj Officials.

We had discussed with the villagers about how the fertilizers and pesticides are being used

22
in the farm lands which were provided by the government.

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 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FORTH WEEK

Day Person
& Brief description of the In-
Dat daily activity Learning Outcome Charge
e Signature
We gathered the villagers and planned Improving Communication
to create awareness on Organic skills.
Day – 1
Farming.

We gather each other and discuss the Health and hygiene of the
solutions for pesticide problems and villagers.
Day - 2
health issues of villages because of
harmful pesticides .

We went to some fields and tell them Safety measurements

simple and homemade safety regarding fertilizers.
Day – 3
measures of organic fertilizers.

We went to volunteers and tell them We delivered the words of

to create awareness to people in every various checking methods.
Day – 4
month and check the fields.

We went to the field and we explain We delivered the

the different types of organic farming importance of Organic
Day – 5
schemes. Farming.

By the end of these 4 weeks we Find out different problems

interact with many people and explore and their solutions.
Day –6
many solutions.

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25
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – 4 (From Dt………..….. to Dt...................)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

As a part of the Community Service Project, to know about the solutions which are related to

the Organic Farming plays an important role.

Interacting with the people made us to realise the problems what they were facing and we

figured out the major issues and we found some resolutions to avoid those problems.

It is found that before the beginning of the cultivation of organic crops, their marketability

and that too at a premium over the conventional produce has to be assured.

Inability to obtain a premium price, at least during the period required to achieve the

productivity levels of the conventional crop will be a setback.

We clearly figured out these problems in our community:

1. Shortage of Bio-mass.

2. Inadequate Supporting Infrastructure.

3. High Input Costs.

4. Marketing Problems of Inorganic Inputs.

5. Low Yields.

Organic products are expensive due to the extreme care taken with organic farming. The

items sold in the market are two times more than the price of non-organic products, and not

every consumer is willing to pay the price for them.

Perishable fruits and vegetables should be produced locally, for which there should 

be demand. 

26
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE FIFTH WEEK

Day Person In-

& Brief description of the Charge
Dat daily activity Learning Outcome Signature
e
We tried hardly in explaining about Basic knowledge in
nitrogen and phosphorus usage in chemicals.
Day – 1
agriculture[25-50ppm].

We explained how to improve Chemical usage.

nitrogen and phosphorus content in
Day - 2
soil.

We explained the uses of earthworms, Need of Earthworms.

in improving soil health condition.
Day – 3

We had a discussion about Build Working of Wells.

wells to extract groundwater from
Day – 4
underground.

We had a conversation with local Information about Organic

government authorities in order to Fertilizers.
Day – 5
provide organic fertilizers

We make a request to Promote low- Knew how to increase crop

cost solutions, such as vegetable production naturally.
Day –6
wastage usage in agriculture.

27
 WEEKLY REPORT

WEEK – 5 (From Dt………..….. to Dt...................)

Objective of the Activity Done:

Detailed Report:

As a part of community service project to Know about awareness of Organic Farming and

organic fertilizers. The main objective is that to engage with Rural area people and find

out the problems which are faced by the people and which are caused by harmful

insecticides. Who is lag behind the basic need of Education and Facing with

shortage of Eco-friendly fertilizers.

We are here clearly explained the topics which are shown Below:

1. Basic need of Education which helps to fought against harmful pesticides, health

hazards.

2. Techniques to Improve the methods of Organic Farming.

3. Organic Farming can improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep rooted

and shallow rooted plants intern this can reduce erosion and increase infiltration

capacity.

4. We had explained that the crop rotation can increase farmers income while

ensuring soil health and resisting the effect of climate change.

5. we explained that the working of Borewells and diging Method.

From this Community Service project, we came to know that the public Attention

and ways to Implementation of the increasing of crops.

28
 ACTIVITY LOG FOR THE SIXTH WEEK

Day Person In-

& Brief description of the Charge
Dat daily activity Learning Outcome Signature
e

Day – 1

Day - 2

Day – 3

Day – 4

Day – 5

Day –6

29
30
CHAPTER 5: OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION

31
32
 -
Source: FiBL-IFOAM-SOEL surveys 2001 2020

33
Questionnaire we prepared for the survey:

34
35
36
 The Challenges of Organic Farming that Farmers Have to Deal With

1. Time is Critical
One of the main problems of organic farming is that of timing. This does not concern all cases,
but generally, organic produce and meats require efficient supply chains to reach the market quicker.

The main difference between organic from conventional farming methods is using fewer
chemicals throughout food production. But despite the obvious health benefits, organic products are
generally more susceptible to decay for various reasons. From temperature fluctuations during
transportation and generally less forgiving shelf life, organic products need to be consumed sooner to
ensure food safety and appeal.

2.  Pests Want your Organic Products too

Another critical challenge of organic farming is that of pest infestations that are as old as
farming itself. Pests such as rodents or insects, if not controlled, are responsible for the destruction of
crops. For that reason, humans have been using chemicals known as pesticides to deal with them
effectively for a long time now. However, as many of those chemicals are not of natural origin and are
toxic to the environment, they are not allowed in organic farming.  

As a result, organic producers have to find alternative and effective ways to deal with pests.
Even though pesticides are banned from organic farming, there are still some pesticides from natural
ingredients that organic farmers can still use. Other ways to dealing with pests include diversified
crops, employing traps, mating disruption, or the use of birds and other insects.

3. It is Harder to Market Organic Products

As mentioned above, in organic agriculture it is important that products reach the market
quickly in order to remain fresh and nutritious. However, living in a culture where commuting long
distances and online ordering is the norm, organic produce is at a disadvantage.

For this reason, organic farmers need to find local channels of distributing their products that
may not always be possible. Alternatively, farmers should invest in top-quality climate control
vehicles to allow longer transportation. That way, organic products can reach distant markets where
demand is high.

37
4. Limited Supply of Organic Food
One final challenge of organic farming is that production yields are lower compared to
conventionally grown food. In addition to lower production, mainly due to not using industrial
fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, organic agriculture also requires more land to meet the previous
production levels.

To deal with it, farmers should do their homework and plan ahead for their crops. They need to
make sure that a specific variety or type of crop is suitable for the area and to make sure that what
they cultivate is always in season.

38
 Short-term and long-term action plan for possible solutions for the problems
identified and that could be recommended to the concerned authorities for
implementation.

After the phenomenal success of green revolution, India was able to meet her food demands at least
for wheat. It was confined only in some areas of India specially Punjab and Haryana where the big
land forms and rich farmers were present. But after that India is consistently facing huge agricultural
failures. Currently it accounts only 17.5% of total GDP. Agricultural allied activities are also
declining at very sharp rate. Following are short term and long-term measures --

Short term measures -

1) Use of water efficient technology in irrigation such as Drip irrigation and Sprinkler irrigation
2) Use of HYV seeds to increase productivity
3) Use of biotechnology in GM crops such as BT-cotton and BT-brinjal.
4) Soil health card can be used as deterministic factor in fertilizer decision. It will improve the quality
of soil
5) Avoid soil erosion through various methods like - contour binding and terracing which will help in
agriculture failure

Long Term Measures -

1) Huge investment as well as use of modern scientific approach is required in irrigation sector. Only
46% of sowed area is irrigated land. India needs to enhance tube bell , tank irrigation and canal
irrigation system . Huge canals need to rebuild (Solar plates above canals reduces evaporation
losses).PMSKY gave 50000 Cr to increase India's irrigation potential to fulfil "more crop per drop".
2) Comprehensive National seed policy is need of hour which can envisage the HYV .
3) Reform in APMC act is required to prevent the leakages and enhance transparency and
accountability
4) proper market should be available for farmers . It can be increased through mega food parks etc.

National Agriculture policy is present to reduce agriculture failures and enhanced productivity but
there is still need of research and development to boost agriculture which can be possible by ICAR
like organizations.

39
Description of the Community awareness programme/s conducted w.r.t the
problems and their outcomes.

Major problems and constraints for Organic Farming

Lack of Awareness:
The most important constraint felt in the progress of organic farming is the inability of the
government policy making level to take a firm decision to promote organic agriculture.

Unless such a clear and unambiguous direction is available in terms of both financial and

technical supports, from the Centre to the Panchayat levels, mere regulation making will

amount to nothing. Many farmers in the country have only vague ideas about organic farming

and its advantages as against the conventional farming methods.

Use of bio-fertilizers and bio pesticides requires awareness and willingness on the part of the

farming community. Knowledge about the availability and usefulness of supplementary

nutrients to enrich the soil is also vital to increase productivity. Attention on the application of

composts/organic manure is also lacking.

The organic matter is spread during the months when the right moisture level is absent on the

soil. The whole manure turns into wastes in the process. The required operation is of course

labour intensive and costly, but it is necessary to obtain the desired results.

Output Marketing Problems:

It is found that before the beginning of the cultivation of organic crops, their marketability and
that too at a premium over the conventional produce has to be assured. Inability to obtain a
premium price, at least during the period required to achieve the productivity levels of the
conventional crop will be a setback.

Shortage of Bio-mass:
Many experts and well-informed farmers are not sure whether all the nutrients with the
required quantities can be made available by the organic materials. Even if this problem can

40
be surmounted, they are of the view that the available organic matter is not simply enough to
meet the requirements.

Inadequate Supporting Infrastructure:

In spite of the adoption of the NPOP during 2000, the state governments are yet to formulate
policies and a credible mechanism to implement them. There are only four agencies for
accreditation and their expertise is limited to fruits and vegetables, tea, coffee and spices. The
certifying agencies are inadequate.

High Input Costs:

The small and marginal farmers in India have been practicing a sort of organic farming in the
form of the traditional farming system. They use local or own farm renewable resources and
carry on the agricultural practices in an ecologically friendly environment. However, now the
costs of the organic inputs are higher than those of industrially produced chemical fertilizers
and pesticides including other inputs used in the conventional farming system.

Marketing Problems of Organic Inputs:

Bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides are yet to become popular in the country. There is a lack of
marketing and distribution network for them because the retailers are not interested to deal in
these products, as the demand is low. The erratic supplies and the low level of awareness of
the cultivators also add to the problem.

Higher margins of profit for chemical fertilizers and pesticides for retailing, heavy

advertisement campaigns by the manufacturers and dealers are other major problems affecting

the markets for organic inputs in India.

Low Yields:

In many cases the farmers experience some loss in yields on discarding synthetic inputs on

conversion of their farming method from conventional to organic.

Restoration of full biological activity in terms of growth of beneficial insect populations,

nitrogen fixation from legumes, pest suppression and fertility problems will take some time

41
and the reduction in the yield rates is the result in the interregnum. It may also be possible that

it will take years to make organic production possible on the farm.

42
43
 CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE MINI
PROJECT

Recommendations and Conclusions:

================== ==================
1. In conclusion, there is an overall increase in the yield of crops due to maintance of proper physical
condition of the soil and om content. but also, all of the organisms need water to survive. The
importance of soil nutrition to the crops, Mostly available soil in India (about 43%). It covers an
area of 143 sq kilometers.
2. Black soil covers -15%, red soil-18.5%, laterite soil -4.30%, Desert soil -4.32%, alluvial soil -40%,
forest soil -8.67%.
3. Climate change is altering the fields, causing droughts in some regions, flooding in others.
4. The chemical and physical properties of water are such that, over the range of temperatures that
occur on Earth, it supports a rich diversity of plants and animals.
5. An enormous variety of chemical compounds, produced by human activities, pollute natural water
bodies, causing both acute and chronic pollution.
6. Evidence for the effect of chemical pollution is provided by ecotoxicology, the study of the impact
of xenobiotic chemicals on wildlife in natural situations.
7. As chemical pollutants pass through natural food chains, bioaccumulation causes high levels to
build up at certain points, e.g. in the fat reserves of predatory fish and birds. As a result, these
animals and their offspring can be exposed to a very high dose.
8. DDT is an effective insecticide that is toxic to microorganisms.
9. Soil fertility is restored by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Levels of nitrogen compounds in soil can
be increased.
10. The crop of the same family should not be grown in succession because they act like alternate
hosts for pests and diseases.

44
 Student Self-Evaluation for the Community Service Project

Please rate your performance in the following areas:

Rating Scale: Letter grade of CGPA calculation to be provided

1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Signature of the Student

Page No:
 Evaluation by the Person in-charge in the Community / Habitation

Please rate the student’s performance in the following areas:

Please note that your evaluation shall be done independent of the Student’s
self- evaluation

Rating Scale: 1 is lowest and 5 is highest rank

1 Oral communication 1 2 3 4 5
2 Written communication 1 2 3 4 5
3 Proactiveness 1 2 3 4 5
4 Interaction ability with community 1 2 3 4 5
5 Positive Attitude 1 2 3 4 5
6 Self-confidence 1 2 3 4 5
7 Ability to learn 1 2 3 4 5
8 Work Plan and organization 1 2 3 4 5
9 Professionalism 1 2 3 4 5
10 Creativity 1 2 3 4 5
11 Quality of work done 1 2 3 4 5
12 Time Management 1 2 3 4 5
13 Understanding the Community 1 2 3 4 5
14 Achievement of Desired Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5
15 OVERALL PERFORMANCE 1 2 3 4 5

Date: Name & Signature of the Supervisor

Page No:
PHOTOS & VIDEO LINK