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Conjunctions:
Unit
21
called
sentences are
or
of words
Words that help us to join two or more words. groups

conjunctions.
Examples: and, but, because, as, etc
conjunctions.
coordinating
Since are called
they connect equal parts of a sentence, they

Examples: 1. We can watch a movie or a cartoon.

work by 6 pm t.
but I couldn
. thought I would be able to finish my

Focus
A Combine these sentences using and, but or or. The first one has been done for you

by a teacher.
1. This task can be done by a student. This task can be done

T s task can be done by a teacher or a shdent.

2. knocked on their door for a long time. There was no response.

Tknecked en has d sr e alorq tue lt Huvasne_ png

3. He picked up his bag. He went to school.

te scherk
He pcks up Asbag OndL
4. She cannot hear. She cannot speak.

movie. We can go for a walk

5. We can go for a

MEL

Practice

A Join each pair using the words specified in the brackets.

1, My train ticket got confirmed this morning| can go to Lucknow tomorrow. (so)

a g o fo buuknoo_tmiE
 Asha woke wOke up late. she had to
run to
ad school. (because)
Anand had fever. He bacau ha a
decided to stay in bed. (since)

are was no electricity. The oven was not

working. (as)

The children were at home.

t was a Sunday. (for)
chldsun weu al Aeme A wa a Zuuda
LCOuld have made it
to the meeting. Igot stuck in a traffic jam. (but)
ha ad
7 t was raining heavily. Ihe kittens came
inside the house. (as)
TheRELA camu iuide heL as wa L
Mother had gone to the market. She could not catch the maid. (since)

Extension

A Complete these sentences in your own words.

1. SLVAnLuule nAtolas therewas

no electriçity at home last night.

2. The car stopped all of a sudden because

3. for some

garbage has been dumped on the street.

4. I don't like writing essays since

5. so I went to bed early last night.

6. a l a b e c a u s e she had not been doing well in her studies.

7. or write a short story.

8. 9 and bumped into the wal.

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Unit Conjunctions:
22

Words that
help us to i n
join two
conjunctions. jo or more words, groups of words or sentences are called

Examples Ithough, though, even though, while after, unless, ec.

When one
part of the sentence
part, we use
although, though orexpresses
presses an
an unexpected result of the cause state
unexpe
even though to connect the wo arts.
ed.in the other
Example Although it was raining, we continued Pa
playing.
, When and as are used
as conjunctions
sametime. a to talk about actions that hapPpen at the
Example: Sam was
reading while his sister was cleaning his cupboard for him.
Where and wherever
are also used
Example: The lamb followed
as
conjunctions.
Mary wherever she went.
, unless, whether are used as
conjunctions in conditional sentences.
Example: You can walk home with me if you like.
Some
are
conjunctions-like either... or, neither.. nor, not only.. but
called correlative also-appear in pairs.
when any one of the conjunctions. Like or, these are used to join options. Either... or They
two options given is valid. is used
are valid. Not Neither.. nor is used when none of
only... but also and both and are used when the options
...

both the options are

Example: I can speak not only French but also valid.
Spanish. (I can speak both French and
Spanish.)

Focus

A Complete these sentences using because

or even
though.
1. Rajesh wants to be in the football
teamALD hAhe does not play well. He wants it
CaL all his friends are in the team.
2. Vinita drives well p she got her licence
only two months
ago. She drives well
CA she has had a lot of practice.

80
 to the office early 1 she had a headache. Shie
3. Gina ca

lot o f pending work. mme

had sent
He
s h e

font
come to my
birthday party
not co swolen
could

diddd
L L
he hacl a
Mahesh

4 a present
ent _e
ihuhe couldn't come

Practice
where
before,
aftor,
AMake
single eingle sentences from the words given. You must use till, until,

herever. The first one has been done for you.

herever.
orw

you like
you
sit, anywhere
1.
You may i twhereer you ike

the sun set

on the beacn,
walk

sister reached
there first, then I reached
3. my

played the euitar, his fingers started hurting

Ahe

g slaulid AL nd alerAplaued hgulA

live there
5. that tall building,I
Ihe Lall kuilding ts lhere I he
then you may go out
6, finish your homework,

sentences to make one sentence using either.. or, neither... nor, not
BRewrite these
only... but also or both ... and.

1. Manoj wrote the script for the play..He also directed it.

2. You should be an engineer to apply for this job. You should also be a creative person.

3. couldn't open the door. My father couldn't open the door.

aL H Sn:ke AuLd op the deox

He took my pen without my permission.He also broke it.
*
Ond
5. APples are good for health. Spinach is-atso good for health.

CHe
 h e first parts of these sentences wit
national topper,
the
a b u t also finish their projects
1. You can either come with me to
tried hard
2. Not scho0ol bus.
only was he the state topper the
or wait for
3. He can neither write songs instrument.

nor play an
4. Both
Srijeet and Srimon

D
Complete these sentences in your own wo
chl
y day. my friend and Iwnlg to
he b0O

Although the weather was nice, T a unD

headmiAlLLL
cn
eitherspeak to the principal orhe

S n a l i n i wanted to picnic but wn eaning a

go on a

5.Wrote my exam in the library since AL-

. The bus stopped at a junction wherehLL Le ho peobk

.Adil and Kipgen axe nol anl haugAts bul talkateYe

8. Mother reminded us to take our umbrellas but pl L

9. The machine won't work unlessUD lu LLN

10.As it was
rainingi uai dL

E Complete these sentences in your own words.

1. If you hear what have to say,
I .
2. Father asked me whether
AAAm em
3. Unless you practise hard,p
4. Uncle Roger will gift me a video game if O 2 e9

82
 Vineet won' n't come with us unless hu om 04AR
5.
have
e have the code number,
7.
UnlesS
wwe
eCa lL n al

E x t e n s i o n

ng conjunction has
wrong
A
wrong
con
been used is each of these lines. Underline the
A conjunctions
and write the right ones in the blanks. One has been done for you.

amd
Supriya or
Laxmi collect different kinds of leaves from 1.

henever
they trav They have collected all kinds 2
_ince have not been able to find a maple leaf. 3
of leave
Supriya and Laxmi has ever seen a maple tree.
Neither

But they are happy

now though they are in 5.
New Zealand.
Not but will they find maple trees 6. Ony
here but or
other trees with autumn leaves. 1