Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment

Unit code: SET 721 (Sustainable Engineering)

Assignment: National sustainable infrastructure group

planning report

Group number: 21
Sateesh Sagar

Naresh

Hemanth kodidala

Ranga sai

Varaprasad

Unit chair:Dr. Julius Qrwa

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 Table of content
S.no. Contents Page no.

List of figures 3

1 Introduction 4

2 Objective 4

3 Sustainability factors 4

3.1 Water resources 4

3.2 Energy 5

3.3 Transportation 8

3.4 Communication 10

4 Methodology 11

5 Summary 11

6 Members and contributions 11

7 References 12

List of figures
Figure 1: water inflows and outflows for the urban water system

Figure 2: Perth started a initiative called “energy Resilient

Figure 3: Emissions reduction potential for an Energy Resilient Perth

Figure 4: proposed radial-orbital rail system

Figure 5: Annual trends in metro rail passengers

Figure 6: Comparision of public transportation and other motor vehicles over 50 years from
1942-1992

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 1. Introduction:
Perth is the capital and largest city of Western Australia. It is the 4 th most populous city.
Perth has a population around 2,022,044. Perth is situated between darling ranges and
Indian Ocean along the swan river. City is bounded by the river to the east and south.
Perth city started many missions like sustainable transport, urban forestry plan, waste and
recycling services, and energy resilient city to grow and develop a sustainable city.

2. Objective:
It is a need to manufacture a sustainable situation which grasps a well, orderly
foundation framework, for example, energy, water, communication and transportation for
the reliable development and spontaneous creation of a general public. This paper
assesses how Perth can turn into a feasible city confronting its test in the rise of
population and inside the referred to foundation plans.

3. Sustainability Factors:
3.1. Water Resources:

During the gold rushes of 1890, large number of workers moved to areas in which
gold had been found. The discovery of gold in Western Australia drew men from all over the
world. People immigrated from India, Africa, China, Europe, America, and from other parts
of Australia. The governments had to develop the water infrastructure to accommodate those
immigrants and to promote development. Many dams, drains and ditches were constructed
around Perth that enhanced the irrigation facilities for Agriculture and dairy farming. The
efforts put by the Australian governments had transformed Perth into a green oasis
(www.australiasgoldenoutback.com, n.d.). The city mainly relies on underground water for
irrigation and daily needs. A number of desalination plants have been set up and these plants
supplies 47% of total water supply and groundwater constitutes 46% of the Perth’s water and
7% from dams (http://www.viacorp.com, n.d.). The rain water goes down through the soils
and rocks and gets accumulated in aquifers as underground water. In Perth, there are three
types of aquifers. They are (I) Superficial aquifer (II) Confined Leederville aquifer (III)
Confined Yarragadee aquifer. The groundwater salinity of Yarragadee is very low and it is
the largest regional aquifer. Considering the availability of huge groundwater resources, the
government of Australia should invest in groundwater network to ensure that it constitutes
50% of Perth’s drinking water by 2030(Government of Western Australia, Department of
Water).

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 Figure 1 : Diagram of water inflows and outflows for the urban water system (source:
http://www.bom.gov.au/water/nwa/2013/perth/notes/waterresourcesandsystems.shtml)

Perth region is divided into two sub regions – Perth North is located on the northern
part of Swan River and Perth South on the southern part of the River. The tributaries of Swan
River flow through the northern part of Perth and it is the major source of surface water in
that region. Lower Helena pumpback and Mundaring Reservoir are the two significant fresh
water resources in this region. Tributaries of Halena and Swan rivers provide small volumes
of water for poultry, irrigation and domestic gardens. Proper use of this surface water is very
important because it reduces the groundwater pumping and helps in the recovery of
groundwater levels (Morgan, 2015).

Desalination plants are one of the reliable sources of drinking water in dry cities like
Perth. Perth Seawater Desalination Plant has been producing drinking water for more than ten
years and it plays an important role in providing water supply for Integrated Water Supply
Scheme the metropolitan area and other parts of Perth. With the help of this Desalination
technology, large quantities of Ocean water are being purified and these plants in Perth
provide half of the city’s water supply. The main disadvantage of these Desalination plants is
that they emit atmospheric gases and these gases are responsible for climate change, which
was contributing to city’s drying trend. So it is very important reduce the carbon emissions
from these plants by switching to other renewable sources of energy like solar energy, wind
energy and hydral energy (www.watercorporation.com.au, n.d.).

3.2. Energy:
Perth's power is mainly created, provided, and retailed by three main Western
Australian Government partnerships. Verve energy generates the power from thermal and
gas. It also operates the wind energy and other sources. The maintenance, operation and
distribution of energy are managed by western power and finally synergy, which is one of the
largest energy retailers in Western Australia. The main work of the synergy is promoting,
customer service, charging, buying and selling of power.

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 The entire world is identifying the confinements and also natural harm caused due to
non-renewable power source. To reduce this, the city of Perth started an initiative called
“Energy Resilient”

Figure 2: Perth started a initiative called “energy Resilient” (Source:

https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/planning-development/environment-and-sustainability/energy-resilient-city)

Energy resilience is characterized as the capacity to with stand or recovers rapidly from
changes in the availability and affordability of energy. Progressing towards Energy resilience
is an approach to address environmental change that can be accomplished through
diminishing energy utilize, broadening energy sources and utilizing sustainable power source.

As non-renewable energy sources are utilized to create energy, carbon (ozone depleting
substance) emanations are released. These outflows are making changes to the climate.
Growing risks related with natural change are most likely going to affect infrastructure,
power and water supply, and average cost for daily needs. Internationally, governments and
different agencies and associations have been arranging activities to address environmental
change and mitigate these effects.

The city’s greenhouse gas emissions and society’s energy usage indicates the solidity
of the urban population that is eclipsed by the commercial centre of the city. The percentage
of emissions from city’s commercial buildings is a little over 50 percent while the residential
population emissions amount to only 4 percent of the total emissions recorded. The major
part of the emissions from travel is pertaining to the people who go into the city for work as it
is a Commercial Business District. One way of diminishing these emissions is by upgrading
to the usage of solar roads and electric cars. With the infinite solar power open to harness,
these factors ensure a long-term sustainability of the city in the future with real-time
applications addressing the limitation of peak energy demand.

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 Through a suite of vitality effectiveness, low carbon and sustainable power source
measures, ozone depleting substance outflows can be decreased crosswise over focal Perth by
384,000 tons CO2 e for each year by 2031, or 32% contrasted with a the same old thing
improvement situation. This is proportionate to the emanations produced by almost 300,000
traveler autos every year.

Figure 3: Emissions reduction potential for an Energy Resilient Perth (Source:

https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Towards%20An%20Energy%20Resilient%20City%20Str
ategic%20Directions%20Paper%20.pdf)

3.3. Transportation:
In our ever shrinking world Transportation has played a vital role for almost every
branch ranging from tourism to leisure. Perth is one of the improved transportation system
cities in Western Australia. As Perth is the capital city of Western Australia, the government
of Western Australia is playing an important role in developing means of transportation, by
conducting surveys regularly, with the aim of reducing criticism on transportation in Perth,
and providing transportation to every individual.

To relate the twenty-first century organize learning economy to metropolitan spatial

arranging and open transport arranging the creator has built up the idea of ‘ex-spatial
centres.’ These centres define the areas of major focuses on export and import of products in
the city. In order to create transit oriented improvements among all these key spatial centres,
‘The Knowledge Ring’ rail line was proposed. This Rail line connects Perth CBD to many
research and development organizations to develop wider webbed radial-orbital regular
people transportation framework. It also conveys an urban system of movement fixates with
an emphasis on learning and advanced monetary creation more qualified to the financial and
natural difficulties of the twenty-first century. (Kane c. 2010, pp.75-84.)

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 Figure 4: proposed radial-orbital rail system

Another concept of Transit-Oriented development (TOD) was developed in 2014

for the city in order to support the growing metropolitan population. With the increase in the
car dependency in the city a lot of investment was made in the metropolitan (rail) system.
Now, public transportation trips contribute to the highest number of trips made overall in the
city. (Falconer c. 2014, pp.90-102.)

Figure 5: Annual trends in metro rail passengers

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 In 1950, more than 50% of the urban population depend on the public
transportation, but after 60 years, the mode of transportation totally changed,i.e. In 2010 ,
90% of urban people started to depend on owned motor vehicles. Unfortunately, this became
a great problem in capital cities like Perth. The challenge for government increased with
increasing population, and increase in owned vehicles. By the use of these owned vehicles,
there is huge chance in effecting echo system, and it leads to various traffic problems, and
cause delay in time.

100
90
80
70
60
motor vehicles
50
public transportation
40
Column1
30
20
10
0
1942 1952 1962 1972 1982 1992

Figure 6: Comparision of public transportation and other motor vehicles over 50 years from 1942-1992.

There was some survey held on the use of different transportation modes in perth in
2011. I.e., 2,627 people are using public transport. While 4,694 are still using other motor
vehicles. The number of employees in perth are 4,684 from 2006 to 2011, there are different
methods of travel for these people. It includes, (1) Car(+1,284 persons)., (2) Walked
only(+1,189 persons)., (3) Bus(+1,020 persons)., and (4)Train(+365 persons). But in future ,
the Government planning to improve public transport by half of the percent at present. For
that, They started CAT busses which are free for the visitors, and they kept FTZ boards . The
advantages of public transport is that it saves lot of time, and safe guard the environment.

3.4. Communication:
Communication plays a crucial role in present world in connecting people from
different places who can exchange their feelings. There are different forms of communication
includes Internet, mobile communication, and newspapers etc. In the same way
communication played a great role in Australia, and made many inventions over it and
created a great scope of communication in different parts of Australia. Australian broad
casting commission came in 1932. They have invented first radio system in the same year as
well.

“B” class stations on air were the first commercial broad casters. By 1990, 50 radio
stations available for different languages, tastes, regions, and geography. By the year 2000
99% of the people in Australia owned a television. And at least watches 20 hours per week.

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In Western Australia, the improvement in communication is very quick mainly in Capital city
Perth.

After STW invented there is a huge demand increased for Perth. Swann Television
Western Australia developed its Network in Perth. 9 Network was the owner of STW which
has its base in Perth. There are Two Independent Owned stations in Perth since 1977 named
STW-9, and TVW-5. But later STW came out and affiliated its own Nine network and
Became the first channel broadcasting for 24 hours a day in 1984.(TELEVISION.au 2017)

In early 2000’s there was a problem occurred to STW about loss in its wealth and
patents.STW was kept in auction for A$136.4 million. In the year 2013, it expands its
network and broadcasts Today, Weekend today, and Nine’s morning news which became
more popular in Perth and expands to whole Australia.

On the other hand, side Nine network have seen great loss in the year 2013 and 15 it
became the worst bulletin in market. From then Western Australian Government realized and
made many improvements in Perth. Nine entertainments broad casts many popular television
channels in Perth they are ABW, TVW, STW, NEW, SBS, WTV.

4. Methodology:
In our perspective perth should concentrate on the expanding population in city.
That is the principle task. perth is encountering to be a sustainable city. perth should
concentrate on assets like water and waste management that is achieving hike as the
population is expanding in the city. it can be achieved ,with the help of technology like
renewable energy and and greenery. To control the activity, individuals should be
encouraged to utilize open transport too and improve it.

5. Summary:
Perth has a dream of being an sustainable city by working up a sustainable
establishment by incorporating social, ecological and monetary perspectives. Along these
lines, the decentralization of water foundation &the expanded utilization of renewable
power sources is needed. Additionally, the carbon substance can be decreased by
empowering the utilization of public transport and use of cycles.

6. Group Members and contributions:

Everybody in this group contributed equally for this assignment.

Sateesh Sagar- Introduction, Methodology, Summery.

Narash - Water Resources.

Hemanth kodidala - Energy.

Ranga sai - Transportation.

Varaprasad – communication.

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7. References:
[1] Perth.wa.gov.au. (2017). Energy Resilient City | City of Perth. [online] Available at:
https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/planning-development/environment-and-
sustainability/energy-resilient-city [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[2] Perth.wa.gov.au. (2017). Energy Resilient City | City of Perth. [online] Available at:
https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/planning-development/environment-and-
sustainability/energy-resilient-city [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[3] Water Corporation of WA. (2017). Water Corporation of WA - Our water sources.
[online] Available at: https://www.watercorporation.com.au/water-supply/our-water-
sources [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[4]Perth.wa.gov.au. (2017). Lighting Strategy | City of Perth. [online] Available at:

https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/planning-development/city-initiatives/lighting-strategy
[Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[5] Perth.wa.gov.au. (2017). Energy Resilient City | City of Perth. [online] Available at:
https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/planning-development/environment-and-
sustainability/energy-resilient-city [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[6] Perth.wa.gov.au. (2017). Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at:
https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/Towards%20An%20Energy%20Resilient
%20City%20Strategic%20Directions%20Paper%20.pdf [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[7] Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http://televisionau.com/2017/09/history-on-show-

for-nine-perth.html [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[8] Perth.wa.gov.au. (2017). City of Perth Cycle Plan 2029 | City of Perth. [online]
Available at: https://www.perth.wa.gov.au/planning-development/city-initiatives/city-
perth-cycle-plan-2029 [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

[9] Pta.wa.gov.au. (2017). Public Transport Authority of Western Australia > Home.
[online] Available at: http://www.pta.wa.gov.au/ [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017].

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