THE TRAVEL MANAGEMENT CYCLE

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

❑DESCRIBE THE FUNCTIONS INVOLVE IN MANAGING TRAVEL

ARRANGEMENT FOR LEISURE TRAVEL
❑PLAN A FLIGHT ITINERARY USING A MAP AND A FLIGHT PLANNER
❑PLACE MANUAL AND AUTOMATED RESERVATION WITH THE AIRLINES AND
HOTELS
❑UNDERSTAND THE RULES AND PRINCIPLES OF AIRFARE CALCULATION
❑ACCOMPLISH A BOOKING CARD FOR TRAVEL, A TOUR
VOUCHER/EXCHANGE ORDER AND PURCHASE ORDER
❑WRITE AND READ AN AIRLINE PAPER AND E-TICKETS
❑IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE TYPES OF TRAVEL DOCUMENTATION
 TRAVEL MANAGEMENT CYCLE
❑3 departments in the agency: administration, operations(travel and tours) and sales
and marketing
•Administration: administrative manager, accountant, cashier, bookkeeper, collector
•Operations: tour manager, travel manager, travel counter supervisor, documentation
supervisor, travel counselors, reservation officers, ticketing officers, liaison officer
•Sales and Marketing: sales and marketing manager, business development supervisor,
product development supervisor, account executive, researchers and utility personnel
❑Travel Operations Department is the core of the TMC or the travel agency business.
It is engaged in the efficient and effective delivery of the organization’s services as
partners or agents of travel suppliers.
 FUNCTIONS OF OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
❑Counter counseling
❑Reservations
❑Fare Calculation
❑Ticketing
❑Documentation
 COUNTER COUNSELING
Aims to conclude counter sales which transactions
are captured by the travel counselors or counter
staff. These transactions are the result of providing
information and recommending suitable and
attractive products. Effective counter counseling
leads to counter sales. It includes suggesting
itineraries and insuring proper travel
documentation
 FLIGHT ITINERARY PLANNING
❑It requires knowledge in itinerary planning
❑Flight itinerary planning is the process by which cities to be visited are arranged in
the desired sequence to conform with the passengers’ desired travel plans starting
from the point of origin to the destinations to be visited.
❑To do this, identify the city pairs involved-origin/destination or where a sector
begins and where it ends.
❑A roundtrip journey will have a two city pair: Cebu-Singapore and Singapore-Cebu.
❑Once the city pair is identified, select the suitable flights between the city pairs. To
accomplish this you would need a good knowledge on world geography, airline flight
geography and a good orientation on map.
 FLIGHT ITINERARY PLANNING
❑Map:
▪Top: north
▪Bottom: south
▪Left : west
▪Right: east
❑When looking at the map it is very important to determine the scale of the map to
have an idea of the distance involve.
❑Scale: the proportional difference between the actual size of the area and the size
of the map
 FLIGHT ITINERARY PLANNING
3 basic rules to follow in flight itinerary planning
1. Avoid crisscrossing
2. Avoid backtracking
3. The less the carrier used, the better: it is something to do also with the competitive airfare
❑Sector/City-pair Possible Carriers Good Selection
Manila-Hong Kong PR or CX CX
Hong Kong-Bangkok CX or TG TG
Bangkok-Singapore TG or SQ SQ
Singapore-Manila SQ or PR PR
 BASIC PROCEDURE IN FLIGHT ITINERARY
PLANNING
❑To select direct, non-stop flights from one point until the final destination
▪Required connections in the hub city provide stopover opportunities
▪In selecting the hub city take into account the political stability of the country to ensure the
safety and security of the passengers
▪The basic tool for flight itinerary are the AOG flight planner
▪Take note of the 24-hour time and time zones:
➢Arrival and departure are expressed in local time expressed in military time
➢It is important to understand international time based on the world’s 24 time zones.
➢Every 15 degrees of longitude represents on one hour time difference from the other
 BASIC PROCEDURE IN FLIGHT ITINERARY
PLANNING
➢The starting reference longitude is called Greenwich Meridian, 0 degrees at
1200H. It is also known as Zulu time in the airline industry
➢There are 12 time zones west of Greenwich and 12 time zones each
➢15 degrees west is GMT -1 or 1100H up to -12 GMT or 0000H
➢12 degrees east is GMT +1 or 1300H up to +12 or 2400H
➢The meeting point is called international date line
➢When crossing IDL eastbound a day is gained
➢When crossing IDL westbound a day is lost
HOW TO READ THE OAG PLANNER
(OFFICIAL AIRLINE GUIDE)
The AOG is the basis for all electronic and automated flight information gathering
being used today by both the consumers and travel management companies.
❑FROM is the departure city
❑TO is the arrival city
❑Departure city: the English spelling of the departure, airline code and the time
variation from GMT.
❑Airport: Airport Name, code, distance and direction from the city center “o”
highlights each airport at multi airport cities
❑Arrival city: cities served from the point of departure by through or connecting
flights. If the city of arrival has more than one airport, the name and code of each is
given
HOW TO READ THE OAG PLANNER
(OFFICIAL AIRLINE GUIDE)
❑Flight information: flight are shown in order of departure time. Through flights are
listed before connecting flights. Some cities are serve by connecting flights only.
❑Key to through-flight information
❑Validity: flight information is valid between the dates shown. Through and
connecting flights operating for shorter periods are indicated by the first and last
date of operation
❑Days of service: 1- Monday and so on…
❑Departure and Arrival Times: Bold type is used for departure time from the city of
origin and arrival time at the final destination.
❑Flight number: The 2-letter airline code is used followed by the flight number
HOW TO READ THE AOG PLANNER
(OFFICIAL AIRLINE GUIDE)
❑Aircraft type: Abbreviated type of aircraft
❑Class: the classes of service offered
❑Stops: the number of intermediate stops on each flight
❑Transfer connection information
❑Flight number: the flight operating from city of departure to first transfer airport
❑Transfer connection airport: transfer connection airport code
❑Flight number: the flight operating from the transfer airport to the city of arrival or
to the next transfer airport