Class XII

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
(Do in your notebook and learn them)

CHAPTER 2: Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

1. Identify the given diagram and label its parts.

2. Draw a labelled diagram of TS of one microsporangium of an angiosperm and label

the following parts and write down the function of each part
(a) epidermis (b) middle layers (c) endothecium
(d) tapetum (e) sporogenous tissue
3. How does the microspore mother cell develop into a mature pollen? Illustrate stages
with labelled diagram.
4. Draw a labelled diagram of a mature male gametophyte. Differentiate between the
two cells of a mature male gametophyte.
5. Give reasons:
(a) An anther with malfunctioning tapetum often fails to provide viable male
gametophyte.
(b) pollen grains are well preserved as fossils.
(c) pollen tablets are in use of people these days.
(d) exine of the pollen grains is not a continuous layer
6. How does megaspore mother cell develop into 7 celled and 8 nucleate embryo sac in
an angiosperm?
7. What are the component cells of the egg apparatus in an embryo sac?
8. In the following events, indicate the stages where mitosis and meiosis occur (1,2,3).
Megaspore mother cell →(1)→Megaspores→(2)→Embryo sacs→(3)→Egg
9. Identify (a) and (b) in the diagram. Mention the kind of carpel in them.
10. What do you mean by monosporic development of an angiosperm?
11. Define autogamy, geitonogamy and xenogamy.
12. Geitonogamy is functionally cross pollination and genetically autogamy. Explain.
13. What are chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers? What kind of pollination is
found in them?
14. What is inbreeding depression?
15. Why do flowering plants need to develop outbreeding devices? Explain any five such
devices developed by flowering plants.
16. Why is fertilization in an angiosperm referred to as double fertilization?
17. Write ploidy level of the following:
(a) sporogenous tissue (b) microspore mother cell (c) microspores
(d) pollen grains (e) generative cell (f) male gametes
(g) nucellus (h) megaspore mother cell (i) functional megaspore
(j) embryo sac (k) secondary nucleus (l) endosperm (m)embryo
18. Draw labelled diagrams of
(a) a mature embryo sac (b) embryo sac where fertilization has just completed
(c) a dicot embryo (d) a monocot embryo (e) L.S. of an albuminous seed
19. What do you mean by proembryo and embryogeny.
20. With the help of example explain the following:
(a) parthenocarpy (b) apomixis (c) polyembryony
(d) perisperm (e) albuminous seeds
21. Give reason:
(a) Banana is a true fruit but is also a parthenocarpic fruit.
(b) apple is a false fruit.
(c) Most zygotes in angiosperms divide only after certain amount of endosperm is
formed
(d) Micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat of a seed.
(e) Integuments of an ovule harden and the water content is highly reduced, as the
seed matures

CHAPTER 3: Human reproduction

22. Define the following terms:

(a) spermatogenesis (b) spermiogenesis (c) spermiation
23. Why are testis located in scrotum in human males?
24. Draw labelled diagrams of following:
(a) male reproductive system (b) female reproductive system
(c) Sectional view of a testis (d) Sectional view of seminiferous tubule
(e) Spermatogenesis ` (f) Oogenesis (g) ovum
(h) sperm (i) Sectional view of ovary
(j) Various events of menstrual cycle (k) Graafian follicle
25. Where do you find the following and what is their role:
(a) leydig cells (b) sertoli cells (c) granulosa cells (d) corpus luteum
(e) zona pellucida (f) acrosome (g) middle piece
26. Explain the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis.
27. Explain the changes the primary oocyte undergoes while in different follicular stages
before ovulation.
28. What is LH surge? What is its effect on a mature graafian follicle?
29. Write down the functions of following hormones in human females:
(a) GnRH (b) FSH (c) LH (d) estrogen (e) progesterone
(f) prolactin (g) oxytocin
30. Mention the event that induces the completion of the meiotic divisionof the secondary
oocyte.
31. Identify the stage of human embryo the figure represents. Label the parts A and B.
Write down the function of each part. Where do the stem cells located in this
embryo?

32. Trace the journey of the ovum from the ovary, its fertilisation and further development
until the implantation of embryo.
33. All copulation do not lead to pregnancy why?
34. What are the functions of placenta?
35. Placenta act as an endocrine tissue. Justify.
36. Where do the signals for parturition originate in humans.
37. Explain the functions of myometrium and endometrium in human females.
38. Why is it important to feed new borns on colostrum?

CHAPTER 4: Reproductive health

39. What is amniocentesis?mention its one positive application. Why is there statutory
ban on amniocentesis?
40. Condoms are the most popular contraceptive devices. Give any four reasons.
41. Expand IUD. What are the different kinds of IUDs. Give one example of each. How
do they act as contraceptives?
42. Name the hormonal composition of oral contraceptives pills used by human female.
Mention any two events that are inhibited by them to prevent pregnancy.
43. Name and explain the surgical method advised in human males as a means of birth
control. Mention its one advantage and one disadvantage.
44. Enumerate any six complications that untreated STDs can lead to.
45. Name any two STDs which can be transmitted through contaminated blood.
46. After a successful in vitro fertilization, the fertilized egg begins to divide. Where is this
egg transferred before it reaches the 8-cell stage and what is this technique named?
47. Identify A, B, C and D in the following:
Method Example
a Diaphragm
Female sterilisation b
c Saheli
d Cu T

48. Expand GIFT, ZIFT nd IUT. How are they different from each other.
49. What are MTPs ? Under what conditions MTPs are legally permitted?
50. Suggest any two contraceptive methods which are very effective to avoid emergency
pregnancy.