Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Electrical Machines(EE2l002) Date: 25th April, 2016 AN
2nd Year EE Exam Halls: F116, F142, NR221,NR222 & NR321 104 students
Time: 3 hours. Spring End Semester Exam. 2015-2016 Full Marks: 100
Instructions: Attempt ANY FIVE questions. Intermediate calculation steps must be shown.

1. (a) With reference to a 3-phase synchronous generator, explain with phasor diagram the concept
of armature reaction reactance. Why is this reactance called a fictitious reactance? [5]
(b) Draw the phasor diagram of an over-excited non-salient pole synchronous motor having per
phase z,
= ra + jxs. [5]
(c) Draw the phasor diagram of salient pole over excited synchronous motor having negligible
armature resistance and direct and quadrature axis reactances are Xd and xq. [5]
(d) A Salient pole synchronous generator has negligible armature resistance and with direct &
quadrature axis reactances Xd and xq. The generator is working steadily connected to the bus
with zero excitation. Under this condition it is delivering maximum power. Draw the phasor
diagram and find out the power factor at which it is operating. [5]

2. A 3-phase, star connected, 6 pole, 50 Hz synchronous generator has the following data:

Diameter of the inner bore: 30 em

Length of the machine: 25 em
Phase spread: 60°
Total number of slots: 72
Number of conductors/slot: 10
Coils are short chorded: by one slot pitch

Air gap flux density distribution is given to be:

b = 0.9 sine + 0.2 sin3e + 0.1 sin5e Wb/m2

(a) calculate flux per pole due to fundamental, 3rd harmonic and 5th harmonic components. [3]
(b) calculate distribution factors for fundamental, 3rd harmonic and 5th harmonic components. [3]
(c) calculate the pitch factors due for fundamental, 3rd harmonic and 5th harmonic components. [3]
(d) calculate per phase induced voltages due to fundamental, 3rd harmonic and 5th harmonic com-
ponents. [8]
(e) Also calculate the line to line voltage. [3]
3. (a) Explain the basis of Blondel's two reaction theory for analyzing a salient pole synchronous
machine. [5]
(b) A salient pole synchronous generator has per phase reactances Xd and Xq along d and q axis
respectively with armature resistance raper phase. The generator is supplying to the bus an
armature current of fa at a power factor angle e lagging. Assume the per phase bus voltage to
be V. Draw the phasor diagram showing bus voltage, excitation voltage and voltage drops in
r a, Xd and xq. Also explain clearly how the position of d and q axis can be ascertained from
the knowledge of bus voltage, armature current and e. Also find out an expression for power
delivered to the bus in terms of E, V, 6, Xd and xq. [15]
Please Turn Over

1
4. (a) A 6 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.20 per phase and a
maximum torque of 160 m at 875 rpm. Calculate: (i) the torque for a full load slip of 4
percent and the (ii) resistance to be added to the rotor circuit per phase to obtain 90 percent
of full load torque at starting. Neglect stator impedance. [6]
(b) Draw the circle diagram for a 5 hp, 200 V (L- L), 50 Hz, 4 pole, 3-phase, star connected induction
motor from the following test results:
Line Voltage Line current Total Input power
o load test: 200V 5A 350W
Blocked rotor test: 100V 26A 1700W
Estimate from the diagram for full load conditions, the line current and power factor; also the
maximum torque and the starting torque in terms of full load torque. At standstill, the rotor
copper loss is half the total copper loss. [14]

5. (a) A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, single phase induction motor has rl = 100, r;
= 130, Xl = x~
= 140
and Xm = 290 O.
Calculate the input current, power factor, output power, efficiency of the motor when it runs
at a slip of 4%. Also calculate the ratio of forward and backward field strengths. [10]
(b) The standstill impedances of main and auxiliary windings of a 220 V, 50 Hz single phase
induction motor are respectively Z M = 47.83 L79.75° 0 and Z A = 75 L58.15° O. Assume the
main & auxiliary winding turns ratio to be unity.
(i) Estimate the value of the capacitance (graphically or otherwise), to be connected in eries
with the auxiliary winding to make main and auxiliary currents in quadrature at starting.
[5]
(ii) Estimate the value of the capacitance (graphically or otherwise), to be connected in series
with the auxiliary winding for getting maximum starting torque. [5]

6. (a) Speed of a 3-phase induction motor is to be controlled over a wide range (very low to rated speed
and above the rated speed). Suggest a suitable method with schematic diagram and explain the
method critically by torque-speed characteristics. [10]
(b) What are the conditions to be satisfied to synchronize an incoming alternator with the bus.
With the help of a neat circuit diagram and relevant phasor diagram explain how successful
synchronization can be accomplished. [10]

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