Reading Comprehension

SECTION 3
READING COMPREHENSION
PREDICTION TEST
Time – 55 minutes
(including the reading of the
directions) Now set your clock for 55
minutes

This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short
passages similar in topic and style to those that students are likely to encounter in
North American universities and colleges.

Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by
a number of questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B),
(C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have
chosen.

Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what
is stated or implied in that passage.

Read the following passage:

Jhon Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from
1825 to 1829, is today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy.
He dedicated his life to public service , both in the various other political offices that
he line held. Throughout his political carereer he demonstrated his unswerving belief
in freedom of speech, the antislavery cause, and the right of Americans to be from
European and Asian domination.

Example I:

To what did Jhon Quincy Adams devote his life?

A. Improving his personal life

B. Serving the public

C. Increasing his fortune

D. Working on his private business

According to the passage, Jhon Quincy Adams ‘dedicated his life to public service.”
Therefore, you should choose (B).

Example II

In line 4, the word “unswerving” is closest in meaning to

A. Moveable

B. Insignificant

C. Unchanging

D. Diplomatic

The passage states that Jhon Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief
“throughout his career.” This implies that the belief did not change. Therefore,
you should choose (C).

Now begin work on the questions.

Questions 1-12 refer to the following passage.

The reasons for the extinction of a species and for the rapid rates of change in our
environment are currently the focus of much scientific research. An individual
species susceptibility to extinction depends on at least two things: the taxon (the bio-
logical group – kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, or genus) to which a species
belongs, and the overall rate of environmental change. Fossil evidence shows that
more mammals and birds become extinct than do mollusks or insects. Studies of the
extinction of the dinosaurs and other reptiles during the Cretaceous Period show
that a changing environment affects different taxa in different ways. Some may be
dramatically affected, others less so.

The best way to answer the question of what causes extinction is to combine fields
of inquiry and a variety of viewpoints. Using the fossil record and historical
documentation, the different rates of the extinction of various taxa and different
responses to environmental change can be detected. Then the evolutionary
development of the different species can be compared, and traits that may be
disadvantageous can be singled out. Finally, researchers can use mathematical
formulae to determine whether a population is likely to adapt itself to the changing
environment or disappear. Hopefully, as more of this information is collected,
specialists in different fields – e.g. physiological and behavioral ecology, population
ecology, community ecology, evolutionary biology and systematics, biogeography,
and paleobiology – will work together to make predictions about the broader
changes that might occur in the ecosystem.

1. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. Assessment of the work of specialists concerned with ecology

B. A discussion of possible causes of extinction, and of ways to make

predictions about environmental change

C. The changing aspects of our environment

D. A comparison of the extinction rates of different taxa

2. The word “susceptibility” in line 2 is closest meaning to

A. Insensitivity

B. Receptiveness

C. Immunity

D. Vulnerability

3. An example of a taxon would be

A. A phylum

B. The rate of environmental change

C. A fossil

D. Studies of extinction
4. The author compares mammals and birds to

A. Mollusks and insects

B. Phylum and class

C. Dinosaurs and reptiles

D. Ecologists and biologists

5. It can be inferred from the passage that a significant event of the

Cretaceous Period was

A. The appearance of many taxa

B. The dramatic effect of the dinosaur on the environment

C. The extinction of birds

D. The extinction of dinosaurs

6. It can be inferred from the passage that dinosaurs

A. Included species that were mammals

B. Were better represented in the fossil record than other species

C. Possessed disadvantageous traits

D. Were not susceptible to extinction

7. The word “dramatically” in line 6 (the last sentence of the first paragraph) means

A. Strongly
B. Inspiringly

C. Flimsily

D. Visually

8. The word “fields” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

A. Areas

B. Meadows

C. Studies

D. Careers

9. From the passage it can be inferred that disadvantageous traits are

A. Occurring at different rates

B. A contributing cause of extinction

C. Adaptable

D. Learned by mathematical formulas

10. The expression “singled out” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

A. Isolated

B. Blamed

C. Seen

D. Divided
11. According to the passage, the likelihood of a population becoming extinct can be

A. Lessened by the efforts of a few concerned specialists

B. Unaffected by environmental change

C. Determined by mathematical formulas

D. Almost impossible to ascertain

12. The word “broader” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

A. Fatter

B. Extra

C. Wider

D. Many

Questions 13-21 refer to the following passage:

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of
the foremost authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785,
Audubon was raised in Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen; he first began to
study and paint birds.

In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without

a tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in
a mercantile business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school.
His general mode of operating a business was to leave it either unattended or in the
hands of a partner and take off on excursions through the wilds to paint the natural
life that he saw. His business career came to end in 1819 when he was jailed for
debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.

It was at that time that Audubon began seriously to pursue the dream of publishing a
collection of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their
natural habitats while his wife worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of
America, which included engravings of 435 of his colorful and lifelike water colors,
was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in England. After
the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were
published in 1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

13. This passage is mainly talking about

A. North American birds

B. Audubon’s route to success as a painter of birds

C. The works that Audubon published

D. Audubon’s preference for travel in natural habitats

14. The word “foremost” in the first sentence is closest in meaning to

A. Prior

B. Leading

C. First

D. Largest

15. In the second paragraph, the author mainly discusses

A. How Audubon developed his painting style

B. Audubon’s involvement in a mercantile business

C. Where Audubon went on his excursions

D. Audubon’s unsuccessful business practices

16. The word “mode” in the second paragraph could best be replaced by
A. Method

B. Vogue

C. Average

D. Trend

17. Audubon decided not to continue to pursue business when

A. He was injured in an accident at a grist mill

B. He decided to study art in France

C. He was put in prison because he owed money

D. He made enough money from his paintings

18. The word “pursue” in the 1 sentence of the 3 paragraph is closest in meaning to
st rd

A. Imagine

B. Share

C. Follow

D. Deny

19.According to the passage, Audubon’s paintings

A. Were realistic portrayals

B. Used only black, white, and gray

C. Were done in oils

D. Depicted birds in cages

20. The word “support” in the last paragraph could best be replaced by

A. Tolerate

B. Provide for

C. Side with

D. Fight for

21. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1839 Audubon

A. Unsuccessfully tried to develop new business

B. Continued to be supported by his wife

C. Traveled to Europe

D. Became wealthy

Questions 22-29 refer to the following passage.

The appearance and character of a hardened lava field depend on numerous
factors. Among the key variables are the chemical nature of the magma and the
degree of viscosity of the liquid rock once it begins to flow.

Since the ultimate nature of lava is influenced by chemical compositions, it is

possible to predict certain aspects of the final appearance of the field from a sample
of the molten fluid. The main components of lava are silica and various oxides,
including those of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and aluminum.
Magnesium and iron oxides are found in high concentrations in the dark-colored
basic basalt, while silica, soda, and potash preponderate in the lighter-colored, acidic
felsite rocks.

The viscosity of the liquid rock helps to determine the appearance of the hardened
field’s surface. When it issues, the lava is red or even white-hot. It soon begins to
cool, and the surface darkens and crusts over. In extremely viscous flows, the under
part may yet be in motion as the surface solidifies. The crust breaks up into a mass
of jagged blocks of rock that are carried as a tumbling, jostling mass on the surface
of the slowly moving stream. When the stream eventually stops and hardens, the
field is extremely rough and difficult to traverse. On the other hand, highly liquid lava
may harden with much smoother surfaces that exhibit ropy, curved, wrinkled, and
wavelike forms.

22. The degree of viscosity in newly issued lava is a critical determinant of

A. The chemical nature of the magma

B. Whether the lava will be red or white-hot

C. The ultimate nature of the hardened lava field

D. The viscosity of the liquid rock

23. The chemical composition of a hardened field

A. Has nothing to do with the viscosity of the liquid rock

B. Will cause the crusting phenomena common in hardened lava

C. Is important in shaping the ultimate appearance of the field

D. Depends upon the degree of viscosity of the original liquid rock

24. In the 2 sentence of the last paragraph, the word “issues” most nearly means
nd

A. Is dormant

B. Heats up

C. Traverses

D. Comes out

25. Knots of survive rocks are characteristics of

A. All types of ultimate lava fields

B. The initial stage of some lava fields formation

C. The end result of some highly viscous flows

D. Only highly liquid, wavelike lava forms

26. If the hardened lava presents a smoother wavelike surface it is likely that

A. It was not initially a highly liquid lava

B. It results from a highly liquid lava

C. Its final form will be rough and difficult to traverse

D. At issue, it was red-hot

27. The primary function of this passage is to

A. Explain the primary chemical components of lava, including silica and oxides

B. Predict when volcanic lava will appear

C. Warn of the limitations of viscosity and chemical analysis

D. Discuss two crucial determinants of a hardened lava field’s character

28. The word “exhibit” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

A. Give off

B. Put on

C. Show
D. Cause

29. This passage would most likely appear in which type of publication?

A. An introductory college textbook on geography

B. The national events section of a local newspaper

C. An introductory college textbook on geology

D. A tourist brochure for a volcanic region

Questions 30-40 refer to the following passage.

The period of the American Revolution was a time of contrasts in American fashion.
In urban centers, women enjoyed a wide range of expression in the fashions
available to them, even though shortages might force a young lady to wear an outfit
made from the bright red uniform of her British beau. The patriots, however, tended
to scorn fashion as frivolous in time of war. In remote areas, patriotic groups led
boycotts of British goods and loomed their own woolen cloth.

In selecting clothes, stylish American ladies depended on “fashion babies” – foot-

high dolls illustrating the latest Paris styles. This infatuation with the fashion trends
of the “continent” remained intact well into the twentieth century. Indeed, even today,
New York’s fashion industry has not fully escaped the tyranny of French design.

Mourning garments were almost impossible to obtain since black cloth had to be
imported from England; black arm bands were introduced as a substitute. Gauze,
indispensable for petticoats, aprons, and ladies’ headgear, was also in short supply.
There was also a taste for outlandish accessories and fanciful detailing: feathers in
hats, elaborate buttons, and gaudily patterned fabrics. These excesses were called
“macaroni” and are immortalized in the song Yankee Doodle.

30. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?

A. A Revolution in Fashion

B. Clothing Shortages of the Revolution

C. Clothing Styles in Revolutionary America

D. Conflict in the Fashion Industry

31. The word “beau” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

A. Male friend

B. Husband

C. Father

D. Son

32. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about people’s
attitudes toward fashion?

A. They varied according to political beliefs.

B. They were determined mainly by geography

C. They corresponded to a person’s social standing

D. They were a matter of personal taste

33. The word “loomed” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

A. Grew bigger

B. Wove

C. Picked

D. Quilted
34. What were clothes made from in rural areas?

A. Home-made wool

B. Imported British goods

C. Cloth stolen from the British

D. Gauze

35. “Fashion babies” were

A. Dolls for children

B. 12-inch figures used to display clothes

C. Life-sized models dressed in current styles

D. Illustrations from fashion magazines

36. The word “tyranny” is closest in meaning to

A. Domination

B. Business

C. Importance

D. Evilness

37. Which of the following can best be said about the Paris fashion industry?

A. It has come to the forefront only recently, compared to New York

B. It has long exerted a powerful influence on America fashion

C. It retains its taste for gaudy, “macaroni” type excess

D. It is unable to break free from New York’s influence

38. Black armbands were worn to show

A. The tyranny of Paris fashions

B. Imported cloth from England

C. Fanciful detailing

D. Mourning

39. The word “elaborate” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. Gay

B. Vulgar

C. Intricate

D. Square

40. It can be inferred from the passage that “macaroni”

A. Was so named because of its resemblance to the continent of Europe

B. Was a very short-lived and ill-conceived fashion trend

C. Had a more mundane application to petticoats and aprons

D. Was not the fashion style of avowed patriots

Questions 41-50 refer to the following passage.

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in
America, but under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini
established this bank on October 17, 1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco’s
Italian community of North Beach under the name Bank of Italy, with immigrants and
first- time bank customers comprising the majority of his first customers. During its
development, Giannini’s bank survived major crises in the form of a natural disaster
and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini’s bank occurred on April 18, 1906, when a massicve
earthquake struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of
the city. Giannini obtained two wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with
the bank’s reserves, mostly in the form of gold, covered the reserves with crates of
oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients’ funds protected. In
the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini’s bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the
Washington Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.

In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and
expand. By 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928
Giannini had acquired numerous otherbanks, including a Bank of America located in
New York City. In 1930 he consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the
Bank of America in New York City, and another Bank of America that he had formed
in California into the Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association.

A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the great Depression of the
1930s. Although Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the
Depression, he became incensed when his successor began selling off banks during
the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of the bank at the age of sixty-
two. Under Gainnini’s leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the Depression
and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

41. According to the passage, Giannini

A. Opened the Bank of America in 1904

B. Worked in a bank in Italy

C. Set up the Bank of America prior to setting up the Bank of Italy

D. Later changed the name of the Bank of Italy

42. Where did Gainnini open his first bank?

A. In New York City

B. In what used to be a bar

C. On Washington Street Wharf

D. On a makeshift desk

43. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the
San Francisco earthquake?

A. It happened in 1906

B. It occurred in the aftermath of a fire

C. It caused problems for Giannini’s bank

D. It was a tremendous earthquake

44. The word “raging” in the second paragraph could best be replaced by

A. Angered

B. Localized

C. Intense

D. Feeble

45. It can be inferred from the passage that Giannini used crates of oranges after
the earthquake

A. To hide the gold

B. To fill up the wagons

C. To provide nourishment for his customers

D. To protect the gold form the fire

46. The word “chaos” in the second paragraph is it tooclosest meaning to

A. Legal system

B. Extreme heat

C. Overdevelopment

D. Total confusion

47. The word “consolidated” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. Hardened

B. Merged

C. Moved

D. Sold

48. The passage states that after his retirement, Giannini

A. Began selling off banks

B. Caused economic misfortune to occur

C. Supported the bank’s new management

D. Returned to work
49. The expression of “weathered the storm of” in the last paragraph could best
be replaced by

A. Found a cure for

B. Rained on the parade of

C. Survived the ordeal of

D. Blew its stack at

50. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses

A. Bank failures during the Great Depression

B. A third major crisis of the Bank of America

C. The international development of the Bank of America

D. How Giannini spent his retirement

Kunci Jawaban Tes Toefl Prediction

See I'mPREDICTION TEST LISTENING ANSWER KEY :

1. B
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. B
10. D

11. C
12. A
13. A
14. D
 15. A
16. C
17. B
18. B
19. B
20. D

21. C
22. A
23. A
24. D
25. D
26. B
27. B
28. D
29. C
30. D

31. A
32. C
33. D
34. C
35. B
36. B
37. A
38. D
39. C
40. D

41. C
42. A
43. C
44. B
45. A
46. D
47. A
48. C
49. D
50. C

STRUCTURE & WRITTEN EXPRESSION_ANSWER KEY:

 1. C
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. C
13. D
14. C
15. A
16. A
17. C
18. A
19. C
20. B
21. D
22. D
23. A
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. C
29. D
30. D
31. C
32. B
33. C
34. B
35. A
36. C
37. B
38. D
39. B
40. C
READING COMPREHENSION_ANSWER KEY:
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. A

11. C
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. C
19. A
20. B

21. D
22. C
23. C
24. D
25. C
26. B
27. D
28. C
29. C
30. C

31. A
32. A
33. B
34. A
35. B
36. A
37. B
38. D
39. C
40. D

41. D
42. B
43. B
44. C
45. A
46. D
47. B
48. D
49. C
50. C
Skoring
1. Silahkan ceklist jawaban benar anda ✅
Hitung jawaban benar per skills

Listening =

Structure =
Reading =

2. Konversikan jumlah jawaban benar ke dalam nilai di dalam tabel konversi

pada masing-masing sesi TOEFL ITP di bawah ini (lihat gambar)

Ket :
Sesi 1 Listening
Sesi 2 Structure and Written Expression
Sesi 3 Reading Comprehension

3. Jumlahkan seluruh nilai hasil konversi (Sesi 1 + Sesi 2 + Sesi 3), bagi
dengan angka 3 lalu dikalikan dengan 10, seperti rumus di bawah ini :

(Sesi 1 + Sesi 2 + Sesi 3) x 10

3

4. Hasil yang anda dapatkan itulah yang menjadi perkiraan nilai TOEFL ITP anda.
Contoh :

Anda mendapatkan nilai konversi 56 di Sesi 1, 42 di Sesi 2 dan 60 di Sesi 3. Maka,

bila anda hitung akan menjadi seperti ini :

(56 + 42 + 60) x 10 = 526

3

Jadi, perkiraan nilai TOEFL ITP anda adalah 526.

Terima kasih.

Sukses selalu.

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