7f50e181-7816-4e18-b7ae-6da018438a18

ANSI/AWWA C900-16
(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C9 0 0 - 07 a n d C9 05 -1 0)
®
AWWA Standard
Polyvinyl Chloride
(PVC) Pressure Pipe and
Fabricated Fittings,
4 In. Through 60 In.
(100 mm Through
1,500 mm)
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Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AWWA Standard
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This AWWA content is the product of thousands of

hours of work by your fellow water professionals.
Revenue from the sales of this AWWA material supports
ongoing product development. Unauthorized distribution,
either electronic or photocopied, is illegal and hinders
AWWA’s mission to support the water community.
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Committee Personnel
Te Standard C900 Subcommittee that developed this standard had the following personnel at
the time:
Robert Walker, Chair
L.M. Bowles, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
B. Clark, JM Manufacturing Co. Inc., DBA JM Eagle, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
D.L. Eckstein, EBAA Iron Sales Inc., Williamston, S.C. (AWWA)
W. Fassler, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Ripon, Calif. (AWWA)
C.A. Fisher, Star Pipe Products, North Richland Hills, Texas (AWWA)
M. Glasgow, North American Pipe Corporation, Ashland City, Tenn. (AWWA)
J.F. Houle, IPEX Inc., Mississauga, Ont., Canada (AWWA)
M. Huynh, JM Manufacturing Co. Inc., DBA JM Eagle, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
K.S. Jeng-Bullock, City of Houston, Houston, Texas (AWWA)
T.E. Layton, Orange County Utilities, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)
T. Marti, Underground Solutions Inc., Warrendale, Pa. (AWWA)
S.K. Rajah, Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA)
E.E. Schmidt, Diamond Plastics Corporation, Grand Island, Neb. (AWWA)
G. Scoby, Palo Alto Utilities Department, Palo Alto, Calif. (AWWA)
B. Sukolsky, Specifed Fittings, Bellingham, Wash. (AWWA)
R.P. Walker, Underground Solutions Inc., Southlake, Texas (AWWA)
W.R. Whidden, Woolpert, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)
Te AWWA Standards Committee on Polyvinyl Chloride Pressure Pipe and Fittings, which re-
viewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
Bill Whidden, Chair
Robert P. Walker, Vice-Chair
General Interest Members
J.P. Castronovo, Blue Ridge, Ga. (AWWA)
A. Chastain-Howley,* Black & Veatch, Frisco, Texas (AWWA)
A.J. Ciechanowsli, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich. (AWWA)
* Liaison, nonvoting
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S.J. Cook, Black & Veatch, Virginia Beach, Va. (AWWA)
S. Ferry,? ? ? ? ? Inc., ?? ???? ??, Colo. (AWWA)
J. Hebenstreit, UL LLC, Northbrook, Ill.
?
(UL)
S.C. Macleod,* Melville, N.Y. (AWWA)
T
M. . Marino, Nussbaumer & Clarke Inc., Bu alo, N.Y. f (AWWA)
T.J. McCandless,† Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
S. A. McKelvie,* HDR Engineering Inc., Boston, Mass. (AWWA)
J.R. Paschal, Paschal Engineering LLC, Howell, Mich. (AWWA)
J.K. Snyder, Snyder Environmental Engineering Associates, Audubon, Pa. ? (AWWA)
W.R. Whidden, Woolpert, Winter Park, Fla. (AWWA)
Producer Members
R.R. Bishop, Diamond Plastics Corporation, Grand Island, Neb. (AWWA)

L.J. Gill, IPEX Management Inc., Oakville, Ont., Canada (AWWA)
S.B. Gross, North American Pipe Corporation, Wayne, Pa. (AWWA)
? f
G. Gundel,* Speci ed Fittings Inc., Bellingham, Wash. (AWWA)
J.F. Houle, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Silverton, Ore. (AWWA)
M. Huynh, JM Manufacturing Co. Inc., DBA JM Eagle, Los Angeles, Calif.
? ?
(AWWA)
R. Magargal,* Certain eed Corporation, Valley Forge, Pa.
? T (AWWA)
T. Marti,* Underground Solutions Inc., Warrendale, Pa.
?
(AWWA)
J. Riordan, H ARCO Fittings, Lynchburg, Va.
?
(AWWA)
L.D. Schmidt,* Diamond Plastics Corporation, Grand Island, Neb. (AWWA)
B. Sukolsky, Speci ed Fittings, Bellingham, Wash.
? f (AWWA)
R.P. Walker, Underground Solutions Inc., Southlake, Texas (AWWA)
User Members
D.R. Andrews, Marion County Utilities, Belleview, Fla. (AWWA)

J.R. Barbier, Denver Water, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
L.M. Bowles, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
K. S. Jeng-Bullock, City of Houston, Houston, Texas (AWWA)
A. Korell, City of North Bay, North Bay, Ont., Canada
?
(AWWA)
T.E. Layton, Orange County Utilities, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)
* Alternate
† Liaison, nonvoting
? ?
Foreword
Tis foreword is for information only and is not a part ofANSI*/AWWA C900.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Tis standard pertains to 4-in. through 60-in. (100-mm

through 1,500-mm) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pressure pipe and fabricated fttings
with outside diameter (OD) dimensions that conform with either those of ductile and
cast iron pipe (CIOD) or steel pipe (IPS). Outside-diameter to wall-thickness (OD/t)
dimension ratios (DRs) of 14, 17, 18, 21, 25, 26, 27.5, 32.5, 41, and 51 are included
and correspond with pressure classes (PCs) of 305, 250, 235, 200, 165, 160, 150, 125,
100, and 80 psi. Design considerations are provided in AWWA Manual M23, PVC
Pipe—Design and Installation. Te manual includes chapters on general properties of
PVC pipe; manufacturing, testing, and inspection; pressure capacity; design factors for
external forces; hydraulics; receiving, storage, and handling; testing and maintenance;
and service connections (tapping). Recommended installation guidance is provided
in ANSI/AWWA C605, Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and
Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride (PVCO) Pressure Pipe and Fittings.
I.B. History. In 1966, the American Water Works Association (AWWA)
appointed Committee 8350-D to study and report on the adaptability of plastic pipe
for use within the water industry. Te committee presented its report on June 6, 1967,
at AWWA’s annual conference. Te report included a recommendation that a task
group be appointed to prepare standards for the use of plastic materials. Te AWWA
Standards Committee on Termoplastic Pressure Pipe Standards Committee was
established in 1968.
In June 1988, the Termoplastic Pressure Pipe Committee was divided into two
separate committees: the Polyvinyl Chloride Pressure Pipe and Fittings Standards
Committee and the Polyolefn Pressure Pipe and Fittings Standards Committee.
ANSI/AWWA C900 was the frst thermoplastic pipe standard approved by the
AWWA Board of Directors in June of 1975. Tis is the sixth edition of ANSI/AWWA
C900. Previous revisions to ANSI/AWWA C900 were prepared by the AWWA Stan-
dards Committee and approved in Jan. 1981, Jan. 1989, June 1997, and June 2007.
Tis edition of ANSI/AWWA C900 was approved on Jan. 16, 2016.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
? ??

I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certifcation program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). Te
American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
efects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Ofce of Drinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.
2. Specifc policies of the state or local agency.
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF†: NSF/ANSI‡ 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Efects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Efects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chemicals Codex,§ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certifcation organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certifcation organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-
fcation organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA fnal maximum contaminant level (MCL). Te MALs of an
unspecifed list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
† NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
‡ American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
§ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20001.
? ???

(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifer.
ANSI/AWWA C900 does not address additives requirements. Tus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifcations by parties ofering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certifcation.
II. Special Issues. Te pressure-class designation requirements and pressure
design recommendations presented in this standard are diferent from those in
AWWA Manual M23, PVC Pipe—Design and Installation, second edition (2002).
Te requirements of this standard take precedence over the design recommendations
in AWWA Manual M23, second edition. Inconsistencies with AWWA M23 and this
standard should be discussed with the manufacturer. Te committee intends to revise
the third edition of M23 to align with this standard.
II.A. Selection ofPressure Class. Te minimum pressure class of the pipe selected
should be equal to or greater than the system working pressure. Te sum of the system
working pressure and occasional surge pressure should not exceed 1.60 times the pressure
class of the pipe. Te system working pressure and recurring surge pressure should be
analyzed using the method in Sec. 4.7. If surge pressures govern the selection of the
pressure class, consideration should be given to removal of the cause of surge pressures or
to the incorporation of surge suppressors in the system.
II.B. Concern Regarding UV Light Efects. Te efect of ultraviolet (UV) light
on PVC pipe should be insignifcant. User concerns such as outdoor storage should be
discussed with the manufacturer.
III. Use of Tis Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Te following items should be
provided by the purchaser:
1. Standard to be used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C900, Polyvinyl Chloride
(PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Trough 60 In. (100 mm Trough
1,500 mm), of latest revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System
Components—Health Efects, is required.
? ?
3. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements
(Sec. 4.2.1).
4. Pipe and fabricated fttings.*
a. Nominal size [for example, 14 in. (350 mm)].
b. Working, occasional, and recurring surge pressures (Section 3).
c. Pressure class or dimension ratio (DR) (see Tables 1A and 1B).
d. Linear feet of each pressure class or DR for each nominal pipe size to be
furnished.
e. Number, nominal size, pressure class, or DR and confguration for ft-
tings and couplings (for example, 17, nominal 24-in. DR 25, 45° bends, IPS).*
5. When desired, requirements such as the following should be specifed in the
purchase contract:
a. Standard lengths (Sec. 4.3.2.4).
b. Shipping (Sec. 6.2).
c. Afdavit of compliance (Sec. 6.3).
6. Plant inspection. If plant inspections are desired, provisions must be speci-
fed in the purchase contract (Sec. 5.3).
a. Production notice. Te manufacturer should be required to give ad-
equate advance notice of when and where production of ordered materials will start.
b. Inspection aids. Te manufacturer should be required to make avail-
able, without charge, to the purchaser’s inspector such tools and assistance as are neces-
sary for inspection and handling of materials.
c. Inspection limitations. To exclude inspection of proprietary manufac-
turing processes, the manufacturer should be required to give adequate advance notice
to the purchaser.
III.B. Modifcation to Standard. Any modifcations to the provisions, defnitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
I V. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this edition
include the following:
1. Pipe size range expanded to include nominal 54 and 60 in. (1,350 and
1,500 mm) along with all of the sizes covered in ANSI/AWWA C905. Tis expan-
sion eliminates the need for a separate standard (i.e., ANSI/AWWA C905) for nomi-
nal sizes above 12 in. (300 mm).
* Purchase documents may allow or require the use of fttings other than those described in ANSI/
AWWA C900. Some examples of compatible fttings include those covered in ANSI/AWWA stan-
dards C208, C153, and C110.
?
2. Expansion of the scope to include nonpotable water applications.
3. Te addition of a ring-tensile (apparent tensile strength at yield) test.
4. Te addition of integrity verifcation test requirements for nonstandard pipe
lengths.
5. Te addition of qualifcation test requirements for fusion joints.
6. Te addition of pressure classes 150, 200, and 250 psi for pipe with cast iron
outside diameters (CIODs).
7. Contract language has been removed from Sec. 5.4.
If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at
V. Comments.
303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO

80235-3098; or email at standards@awwa.org.
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Tis page intentionally blank.

ANSI/AWWA C900-16
(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C9 0 0 - 07 a n d C9 05 -1 0)
® AWWA Standard
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe

and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through
60 In. (100 mm Through 1,500 mm)
SEC TI ON 1 : G EN ER AL
Tis standard covers polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and fabricated fttings
Sec. 1 .1 Scope
manufactured for conveying potable water, reclaimed water, irrigation water, waste-
water, or any fuid compatible with nonplasticized PVC. Te standard includes
eight dimension ratios (DRs) and nominal sizes ranging from 4 in. through 60 in.
(100 mm through 1,500 mm). Standard pipe outside diameters (ODs) conform to
the ductile iron and cast iron sizing system, referred to as cast iron or CIOD, and
steel pipe, referred to as IPS (iron pipe size). Pressure classes range from 80 psi
(550 kPa) to 305 psi (2,100 kPa).
Tis standard does not include injection-molded PVC fttings. Injection-
molded PVC fttings are covered in ANSI/AWWA C907.
Te purpose of this standard is to provide minimum manufacturing, verifca-
Sec. 1 . 2 Purpose
tion, and marking requirements for PVC pressure pipe and fabricated fttings, 4 in.
(100 mm) through 60 in. (1,500 mm).
?
? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
Tis standard can be referenced in documents for purchasing and receiving PVC
Sec. 1 . 3 Application
pressure pipe and fabricated fttings, 4 in. (100 mm) through 60 in. (1,500 mm). Te
stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then
only to PVC pressure pipe and fabricated fttings, 4 in. (100 mm) through 60 in.
(1,500 mm).
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
Tis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
they form a part of this standard to the extent specifed within the standard. In any
case of confict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.1 0—Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C907—Injection-Molded Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure
Fittings, 4 In. Trough 12 In. (100 mm Trough 300 mm), for Water, Wastewater,
and Reclaimed Water Service.
ASME/ANSI B36.10—Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe.
AS TM D638-14—Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.
AS TM* D1598-15a—Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic
Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure.
AS TM D1599—Standard Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure
Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings.
AS TM D1784-11—Standard Specifcation for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds.
AS TM D2122-15—Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of
Termoplastic Pipe and Fittings.
AS TM D2152-13—Standard Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of
Extruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by Acetone
Immersion.
AS TM D2290-12—Standard Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile
Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe.
AS TM D2412-11—Standard Test Method for Determination of External
Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading.
* AS TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ? ?
?
AS TM D2564-12—Standard Specifcation for Solvent Cements for

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems.
AS TM D2837-13e1—Standard Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic
Design Basis for Termoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis for Termo-
plastic Pipe Products.
AS TM D2855—Standard Practice for the Two-Step (Primer and Solvent
Cement) Method ofJoining Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) or Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl
Chloride) (CPVC) Pipe and Pipe Components With Tapered Sockets.
AS TM D3139-98—Standard Specifcation for Joints for Plastic Pressure
Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals.
AS TM F477-14—Standard Specifcation for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for
Joining Plastic Pipe.
AWWA Manual M23—PVC Pipe—Design and Installation. Denver, Colo.:
AWWA.
NSF*/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Efects.
PPI† TR-2—PVC Range Composition Listing of Qualifed Ingredients.
PPI TR-3—Policies and Procedures for Developing Recommended Hydro-
static Design Stresses for Termoplastic Pipe Materials.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
Te following defnitions shall apply in this standard:
1. CIOD (cast iron outside diameter): Outside diameters that are equiva-
lent to iron pipes and fttings, in accordance with the ductile iron and cast iron
sizing system in ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10.
2. Constructor: Te party that provides the work and materials for place-
ment or installation.
3. Dimension ratio (DR): Te ratio of a pipe’s specifed average OD to its
specifed minimum wall thickness.
4. Fabricated PVC ftting: Fabricated fttings include single thermoformed
bends and couplers; or multiple segments of PVC pipe cut into wedge shapes, or
otherwise prepared to accept leg insertions, and joined under factory-controlled
* NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

† Plastics Pipe Institute, 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062.
? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
conditions to form an essentially homogeneous structure. Reinforcement may be

applied and permanently bonded to the outside surfaces of the ftting.
Te confgurations of multiple segmented fttings are as follows:
a. Tees have an outstanding leg that is 90° from the running leg. Tee con-
fgurations are as follows:
• Tees whose outstanding leg is of the same diameter as the running leg.
• Tees whose outstanding leg is less than half the diameter of the run-
ning leg.
• Tees whose outstanding leg is at least one-half of but less than the
diameter of the running leg.
b. Crosses have two outstanding legs that are opposite each other. Cross
confgurations are as follows:
• Crosses whose outstanding leg is of the same diameter as the running
leg.
• Crosses whose outstanding leg is less than half the diameter of the run-
ning leg.
• Crosses whose outstanding leg is at least half but less than the diameter
of the running leg.
c. Bends may be standard angles (11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, and 90°) or any custom-
built angle. Bend confgurations are as follows:
• Bends from 1 to 22.9 °.
• Bends of 90°.
d. Couplings are used to join two similar-diameter pipes.
e. Reducers are used to abruptly join two diferent pipe diameters. Reducer
confgurations are as follows:
• Reducers whose small end diameter is less than one-half the large end
diameter.
• Reducers whose small end diameter is greater than one-half the large
end diameter.
f. Adapters are to be used to join two diferent pipe diameters when the dif-
ference in pipe diameters is 1 in. or less.
g. Tapers are used to reduce hydraulic losses when joining two diferent pipe
diameters. Taper confgurations are as follows:
?
• Tapers whose small end diameter is less than one-half the large end
diameter.
• Tapers whose small end diameter is greater than one-half the large end
diameter.
5. Fused joints: Joining two pieces of plastic by heating and melting the
mating surfaces of the pipe components to be joined and pressing them together.
When the mating surfaces are pipe ends, the fusion process is referred to as butt
fusion or butt heat fusion.
6. Hydraulic transients: Hydraulic transients (sometimes called water
hammer) are pressure fuctuations caused by a rapid change in the velocity of the
water column. Hydraulic transients are the result of normal or emergency opera-
tions. Te pressure fuctuations can be positive or negative and are caused by oper-
ating a valve or by starting or stopping a pump. (See Surge pressure.)
Note: For further information, see AWWA Manual M23, PVC Pipe—Design
and Installation.
7. Hydrostatic design basis (HDB): A PVC compound’s categorized long-
term strength in the circumferential or hoop direction as established from long-
term pressure tests in accordance with AS TM D2837.
Note: Tis standard requires that PVC compounds have a minimum HDB
rating of 4,000 psi (27.58 MPa).
8. Hydrostatic design stress (HDS): Te maximum allowable working hoop
stress in the pipe wall when the pipe is subjected to sustained long-term hydrostatic
pressure. Te HDS is calculated by dividing the HDB by the safety factor (SF).
Note: This standard requires an SF of 2.0 and an HDS of 2,000 psi
(13.8 MPa).
9. Inspector: Te authorized representative of the purchaser who is
entrusted with the inspection of products and production records. Te inspector
also observes the production operations and quality-control tests to ensure that
products comply with the requirements of this standard and the purchaser.
10. IPS (iron pipe size): Outside diameters that are equivalent to steel pipes
and fttings, in accordance with the steel (IPS) sizing system in ANSI B36.10.
11. Manufacturer: Te party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
12. Nominal size: Standardized size used for purposes of general identi-
fcation and specifcation. Te actual outside pipe diameter will be approximately

? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
the same as the nominal size but does not represent the exact outside or inside pipe
diameter.
13. Nonstandard length: Lengths other than the standard of 20 ft ±1 in.
(6.1 m ±25 mm).
14. Occasional (emergency or transient) surge pressure (POS): Surge pressures
caused by emergency operations, usually the result of a malfunction (such as power
failure, sudden valve closure, or system component failure).
15. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic: PVC resin, the basic building block of
PVC pipe, is a polymer derived from salt water, air, and natural gas or petroleum.
PVC resin is combined with heat stabilizers, lubricants, and other ingredients to
make PVC compounds that can be extruded into pipe or molded into fttings.
16. Potable water: Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and
cooking.
17. Pressure class (PC): Te internal working pressure design capacity of a
pipe, coupling, or ftting, in pounds per square inch (psi) per Tables 1A and 1B, at
sustained service temperatures of 73.4°F (23°C) and lower. Te method for deter-
mining PC is stated in Sec. 4.7.1 .
18. Production run: Te length of time a particular piece of extrusion
equipment is producing a certain size of pipe. Te term production run is not appli-
cable to fabricated fttings.
19. Purchaser: Te person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed. A purchaser may or may not be a supplier.
20. Qualifcation test: An evaluation, generally nonrepetitive, conducted
on an existing, altered, or new product to determine acceptability.
21. Reclaimed water: Wastewater that becomes suitable for benefcial use
as a result of treatment.
22. Recurring (cyclic) surge pressure (PRS): Surge pressures that occur fre-
quently and are inherent to the design and operation of the system (such as normal
pump startup or shutdown and normal valve opening or closure).
23. Safety factor (SF): Safety factor is the ratio of the stress capacity of the
pipe or ftting compound to the allowable stress. In this standard, the safety factor
(SF) is 2.0. Te number by which the HDB is divided to calculate the HDS from
which the pressure class (PC) is determined. Also, the pipe minimum burst pres-
sure divided by the SF equals the allowable occasional surge pressure.
Note: Te SF is the inverse of the design factor (DF), which appeared in the
previous edition of this standard.
?
24. Spider line: A straight longitudinal line visible on the surface, typi-
cally on the inside surface, of the pipe denoting the location of one of the extrusion
mandrel’s thin, streamlined supports.
25. Supplier: Te party that provides material or services. A supplier may
or may not be the manufacturer.
26. Surge pressure (Ps): Te maximum hydraulic transient pressure increase
(sometimes called water hammer) above the operating pressure that is anticipated
in the system as the result of sudden changes in velocity of the water column. For
purposes of product selection and design, this document considers the following
two types of surges:
a. Recurring (cyclic) surge pressure (PRS).
b. Occasional (emergency or transient) surge pressure (POS).
27. Sustained operating temperature: Te continuous long-term tempera-
ture of the pipe wall during service.
28. Wastewater: A combination of the liquid and water-carried waste from
residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together with
any groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present.
29. Working pressure (WP): Te maximum anticipated, sustained operat-
ing pressure applied to the pipe exclusive of hydraulic transient pressures.
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
*
Te selection of materials is critical for potable water, wastewater, and
Sec. 4.1 Permeation
reclaimed water service and distribution piping in locations where there is likeli-
hood the pipe will be exposed to signifcant concentrations of pollutants composed
of low-molecular-weight petroleum products or organic solvents or their vapors.
Documented research has shown that pipe materials (such as polyethylene and
polyvinyl chloride) and elastomers, such as those used in jointing gaskets and pack-
ing glands, are subject to permeation by low-molecular-weight organic solvents or
petroleum products. If a potable water, wastewater, or reclaimed pipe must pass
through such a contaminated area or an area subject to contamination, consult
* Information regarding the permeation resistance of pipe and pipe gasket materials is available in Ong, S.K.,
J. Gaunt, and F. Mgo. 2010. Impact ofHydro-carbons on PE/PVC Pipe and Pipe Gaskets. Denver, Colo.: AwwaRF.
? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls, jointing materials, and
so on before selecting materials for use in that area.
4.2.1 Regulatory requirement. Te pipe and fttings intended for potable
Sec. 4. 2 Materials
water applications shall comply with all applicable requirements of NSF/ANSI 61.
Materials used to manufacture potable water pipes shall comply with the require-
ments of the Safe Drinking Water Act. In addition, all materials shall comply
with other federal regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water
systems as applicable.
4.2.2 Pipes and fabricated fttings. PVC pipes and fabricated fttings shall
be made from virgin PVC resin that has been compounded to provide physical
and chemical properties that equal or exceed cell class 12454 as defned in AS TM
D1784. Pipe and fttings compounds shall also qualify for a minimum HDB of
4,000 psi (27.58 MPa) at 73.4°F (23°C) in accordance with the requirements of
AS TM D2837* or PPI TR-2 or PPI TR-3.
4.2.3 Rework materials. Clean rework materials derived from a manu-
facturer’s own pipe or ftting product may be used by the same manufacturer for
similar purposes provided that (1) the cell classifcation of the rework material is
identical to the material to which it will be added; and (2) the rework material
complies with applicable requirements of Sec. 4.2 of this standard.
4.2.4 Certifcation for potable water service. PVC compounds and prod-
ucts to be used for potable water shall be certifed by an accredited testing agency
for compliance with NSF/ANSI 61.
4.2.5 Gaskets and lubricants. Gaskets and lubricants intended for use with
PVC pipe and fabricated fttings shall be made from materials that are compatible
with the pipe and with each other when used together. Each gasket-seal bell end
of every pipe, ftting, and coupling shall include an elastomeric gasket. Elastomeric
gaskets shall meet the requirements of ASTM F477 for high-head (50 ft of head or
higher) applications. Gaskets and lubricants intended for use with potable water shall
be certifed by an accredited testing agency for compliance with NSF/ANSI 61.
4.2.6 Fabricated ftting overwrap reinforcement. Optional reinforcement,
either PVC or non-PVC, may be applied by the fabricated fttings manufacturer to
meet the requirements of this standard.
* Two or more data sets required.

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4.2.6.1 Resin. Resin used shall be a commercial grade of unsaturated

polyester resin or epoxy resin.
4.2.6.2 Glass. Glass reinforcing materials shall be commercial “E” type
glass in the form of mat, continuous roving, or roving fabric, or a combination of
these, having a coupling agent that bonds the glass reinforcement and the resin.
4.3.1 Workmanship. Pipe shall be homogeneous throughout; free from
Sec. 4. 3 Pipe Requirements
voids, cracks, and inclusions; and uniform in color and density. Pipe surfaces shall
be free from nicks and scratches deeper than 10 percent of the wall thickness.* Te
joining surfaces of pipe spigots and integral-bell and sleeve-reinforced bell sockets
shall be free from imperfections that might cause leakage.
4.3.2 Dimensions.
4.3.2.1 General. Dimensions of the pipe barrel and bell shall be mea-
sured as specifed in AS TM D2122. Dimensions and dimension ratios (DRs) for
CIOD and IPS pipe sizes are specifed in Tables 1A and 1B. When determining the
DR, the values shall be calculated by rounding the value to the nearest 0.5.
4.3.2.2 Pipe barrel. Te dimensions and tolerances of the pipe barrel shall
conform to the applicable requirements listed in Tables 1A or 1B. Te tolerances
for out-of-roundness (diference between the maximum and minimum diameter)
shall apply only on pipe prior to shipment. When specifed, other outside diameters
(not to exceed 61.61 in. or 1,565 mm) and wall thicknesses shall be permitted if
the pipe complies with all the other requirements of this standard. Test pressures
for DRs not shown in Table 2 shall be determined by mathematical interpolation.
Te PC shall be calculated in accordance with Sec. 4.7, Pressure Class Designation
Requirements and Pressure Design Recommendations. All dimensional tolerances
shall be the same, on a percent basis, as those in Table 1A or 1B for the next smaller
size and thinner wall.
4.3.2.3 Elastomeric-gasket bell ends. Te dimensions of the integral bell
ends shall meet one of the following requirements.
a. Te bell wall thickness at any point shall conform to the dimension ratio
of the pipe except in the annular gasket ring groove and bell entry lip portions
where the wall shall equal or exceed the minimum thickness of the pipe barrel as
listed in Table 1A or Table 1B.
* Nicks and scratches less than 10 percent of the pipe wall do not signifcantly reduce the strength of the pipe.
Table 1 A
??
Pipe barrel dimensions, pressure classes, and dimension ratios for PVC pipe with cast iron outside diameter (CIOD)
?
(continued)
Pressure Class at Dimension
A
??
Nominal 73.4°F (23°C) Outside Diameter—in. (mm) Maximum
Wall Tickness—in. (mm) Out-of-Roundness
Size Ratio
A C
(DR) Average Tolerance Minimum Tolerance
? ?? -? ?
in. (mm) psi (kPa) in. (mm)
4 (100) 150 (1,030) 27.5 4.800 (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) 0.176 (4.47) +0.021 (0.53) 0.1 0 (2.5 4)
165 (1,140) 25.0 4.800 (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) 0.192 (4.88) +0.023 (0.59) 0.1 0 (2.5 4)
200 (1,380) 21.0 4.800 (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) 0.229 (5.81) +0.027 (0.70) 0.1 0 (2.5 4)
235 (1,620) 18.0 4.800 (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) 0.267 (6.78) +0.032 (0.81) 0.1 0 (2.5 4)
250 (1,720) 17.0 4.800 (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) 0.282 (7.16) +0.034 (0.86) 0.1 0 (2.5 4)
305 (2,100) 14.0 4.800 (121.9) ±0.009 (0.23) 0.343 (8.71) +0.041 (1.04) 0.1 0 (2.5 4)
6 (150) 150 (1,030) 27.5 6.900 (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) 0.251 (6.38) +0.030 (0.76) 0.1 2 (3.16)
165 (1,140) 25.0 6.900 (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) 0.276 (7.01) +0.033 (0.84) 0.1 2 (3.16)
200 (1,380) 21.0 6.900 (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) 0.329 (8.35) +0.039 (1.00) 0.1 2 (3.16)
235 (1,620) 18.0 6.9 00 (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) 0.383 (9.73) +0.046 (1.17) 0.1 2 (3.16)
250 (1,720) 17.0 6.900 (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) 0.406 (10.31) +0.049 (1.24) 0.1 2 (3.16)
305 (2,100) 14.0 6.900 (175.3) ±0.011 (0.28) 0.493 (12.52) +0.059 (1.5 0) 0.1 2 (3.16)
8 (200) 150 (1,030) 27.5 9.050 (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.329 (8.36) +0.039 (1.00) 0.1 6 (4.14)
165 (1,140) 25.0 9.050 (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.362 (9.19) +0.043 (1.09) 0.16 (4.14)
200 (1,380) 21.0 9.050 (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.431 (10.95) +0.052 (1.32) 0.16 (4.14)
235 (1,620) 18.0 9.050 (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.503 (12.78) +0.060 (1.52) 0.1 6 (4.14)
250 (1,720) 17.0 9.050 (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.532 (13.52) +0.064 (1.63) 0.16 (4.14)
305 (2,100) 14.0 9.050 (229.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.646 (16.41) +0.078 (1.98) 0.16 (4.14)
T
( able continued next page)
Table 1 A Pipe barrel dimensions, pressure classes, and dimension ratios for PVC pipe with cast iron outside diameter (CIOD)
(continued)
Nominal Pressure Class at Dimension Maximum

Size 73.4°F (23°C) Ratio Outside Diameter—in. (mm) Wall Tickness—in. (mm) Out-of-Roundness
in. (mm) psi (kPa) (DR) Average Tolerance Minimum Tolerance in. (mm)
10 (250) 150 (1,030) 27.5 11.1 0 (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.404 (10.26) +0.048 (1.22) 0.20 (5.08)
? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ?

165 (1,140) 25.0 11.1 0 (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.444 (11.28) +0.053 (1.35) 0.20 (5.08)
200 (1,380) 21.0 11.1 0 (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.529 (13.43) +0.063 (1.60) 0.20 (5.08)
235 (1,620) 18.0 11.1 0 (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.617 (15.67) +0.074 (1.88) 0.20 (5.08)
250 (1,720) 17.0 11.1 0 (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.653 (16.59) +0.078 (1.98) 0.20 (5.08)
305 (2,1 00) 14.0 11.1 0 (281.9) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.793 (20.14) +0.095 (2.41) 0.20 (5.08)
12 (300) 150 (1,030) 27.5 13.20 (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.480 (12.19) +0.058 (1.47) 0.24 (6.04)
165 (1,140) 25.0 13.20 (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.528 (13.41) +0.063 (1.60) 0.24 (6.04)
200 (1,380) 21.0 13.20 (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.629 (15.75) +0.075 (1.91) 0.24 (6.04)
235 (1,620) 18.0 13.20 (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.733 (18.62) +0.088 (2.24) 0.24 (6.04)
250 (1,720) 17.0 13.20 (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.776 (19.72) +0.093 (2.36) 0.24 (6.04)
305 (2,100) 14.0 13.20 (335.3) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.943 (23.95) +0.113 (2.87) 0.24 (6.04)
14 (350) 100 (690) 41.0 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.373 (9.47) +0.052 (1.32) 0.30 (7.60)
125 (860) 32.5 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.471 (11.96) +0.056 (1.42) 0.30 (7.60)
150 (1,030) 27.5 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.556 (14.1 2) +0.067 (1.70) 0.30 (7.60)
165 (1,140) 25.0 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.612 (15.5 4) +0.073 (1.85) 0.30 (7.60)
200 (1,380) 21.0 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.729 (18.51) +0.088 (2.22) 0.30 (7.60)
235 (1,620) 18.0 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.850 (21.59) +0.1 02 (2.59) 0.30 (7.60)
250 (1,720) 17.0 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.900 (22.86) +0.1 08 (2.74) 0.20 (5.08)
?
T
??
Table 1 A
??
Pipe barrel dimensions, pressure classes, and dimension ratios for PVC pipe with cast iron outside diameter (CIOD)
?
(continued)
A
??
Size Ratio
A C
? ?? -? ?
305 (2,100) 14.0 15.30 (388.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 1.093 (27.76) +0.1 31 (3.33) 0.20 (5.08)
16 (400) 100 (690) 41.0 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.424 (10.77) +0.059 (1.5 0) 0.32 (8.1 3)
125 (860) 32.5 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.535 (13.59) +0.064 (1.63) 0.32 (8.1 3)
150 (1,030) 27.5 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.633 (16.08) +0.076 (1.93) 0.32 (8.1 3)
165 (1,140) 25.0 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.696 (17.68) +0.084 (2.1 3) 0.32 (8.1 3)
200 (1,380) 21.0 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.829 (21.05) +0.1 00 (2.5 4) 0.32 (8.1 3)
235 (1,620) 18.0 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.967 (24.56) +0.116 (2.95) 0.32 (8.1 3)
250 (1,720) 17.0 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 1.024 (26.00) +0.1 23 (3.1 2) 0.32 (8.1 3)
305 (2,1 00) 14.0 17.40 (442.0) ±0.020 (0.51) 1.243 (31.57) +0.149 (3.78) 0.32 (8.1 3)
18 (450) 80 (550) 51.0 19.50 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.382 (9.70) +0.053 (1.35) 0.36 (9.14)
100 (690) 41.0 19.50 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.476 (12.09) +0.067 (1.70) 0.36 (9.14)
125 (860) 32.5 19.50 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.600 (15.24) +0.072 (1.83) 0.36 (9.14)
150 (1,030) 27.5 19.50 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.709 (18.01) +0.085 (2.16) 0.36 (9.14)
165 (1,140) 25.0 19.5 0 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.780 (19.81) +0.094 (2.39) 0.36 (9.14)
200 (1,380) 21.0 19.50 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 0.929 (23.60) +0.111 (2.82) 0.36 (9.14)
235 (1,620) 18.0 19.50 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 1.083 (27.51) +0.1 30 (3.30) 0.36 (9.14)
250 (1,720) 17.0 19.5 0 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 1.147 (29.1 3) +0.1 38 (3.51) 0.36 (9.14)
305 (2,1 00) 14.0 19.5 0 (495.3) ±0.020 (0.51) 1.393 (35.38) +0.167 (4.24) 0.36 (9.14)
T
(continued)

20 (500) 80 (550) 51.0 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 0.424 (10.77) +0.059 (1.5 0) 0.40 (10.2)

100 (690) 41.0 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 0.527 (13.39) +0.074 (1.88) 0.40 (10.2)
125 (860) 32.5 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 0.665 (16.89) +0.080 (2.03) 0.40 (10.2)
150 (1,030) 27.5 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 0.785 (19.94) +0.094 (2.39) 0.40 (10.2)
165 (1,140) 25.0 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 0.864 (21.95) +0.1 04 (2.64) 0.40 (10.2)
200 (1,380) 21.0 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 1.029 (26.14) +0.1 23 (3.1 2) 0.40 (10.2)
235 (1,620) 18.0 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 1.200 (30.48) +0.144 (3.66) 0.40 (10.2)
250 (1,720) 17.0 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 1.271 (32.28) +0.153 (3.89) 0.40 (10.2)
305 (2,1 00) 14.0 21.60 (548.6) ±0.025 (0.64) 1.5 43 (39.19) +0.185 (4.70) 0.40 (10.2)
24 (600) 80 (550) 51.0 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 0.5 06 (12.85) +0.071 (1.80) 0.48 (12.2)
100 (690) 41.0 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 0.629 (15.98) +0.088 (2.24) 0.48 (12.2)
125 (860) 32.5 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 0.794 (20.17) +0.095 (2.41) 0.48 (12.2)
150 (1,030) 27.5 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 0.938 (23.83) +0.113 (2.87) 0.48 (12.2)
165 (1,140) 25.0 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 1.032 (26.21) +0.1 24 (3.15) 0.48 (12.2)
200 (1,380) 21.0 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 1.229 (31.22) +0.147 (3.73) 0.48 (12.2)
235 (1,620) 18.0 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 1.433 (36.40) +0.172 (4.37) 0.48 (12.2)
250 (1,720) 17.0 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 1.518 (38.55) +0.182 (4.62) 0.48 (12.2)
305 (2,100) 14.0 25.80 (655.3) ±0.030 (0.76) 1.843 (46.81) +0.221 (5.61) 0.48 (12.2)
T
?? ?
???
(continued)
A
??
Size Ratio
A C
? ?? -? ?
30 (750) 80 (550) 51.0 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 0.627 (15.93) +0.088 (2.24) 0.60 (15.2)
100 (690) 41.0 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 0.780 (19.81) +0.1 09 (2.77) 0.60 (15.2)
125 (860) 32.5 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 0.985 (25.02) +0.118 (3.00) 0.60 (15.2)
150 (1,030) 27.5 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 1.164 (29.57) +0.140 (3.5 6) 0.60 (15.2)
165 (1,140) 25.0 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 1.280 (32.51) +0.154 (3.91) 0.60 (15.2)
200 (1,380) 21.0 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 1.524 (38.71) +0.183 (4.65) 0.60 (15.2)
235 (1,620) 18.0 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 1.778 (45.1 6) +0.213 (5.41) 0.60 (15.2)
250 (1,720) 17.0 32.00 (812.8) ±0.040 (1.02) 1.882 (47.80) +0.226 (5.74) 0.60 (15.2)
36 (900) 80 (550) 51.0 38.30 (972.8) ±0.050 (1.27) 0.751 (19.08) +0.1 05 (2.67) 0.72 (18.3)
100 (690) 41.0 38.30 (972.8) ±0.050 (1.27) 0.934 (23.72) +0.1 31 (3.33) 0.72 (18.3)
125 (860) 32.5 38.30 (972.8) ±0.050 (1.27) 1.178 (29.92) +0.141 (3.58) 0.72 (18.3)
150 (1,030) 27.5 38.30 (972.8) ±0.050 (1.27) 1.393 (35.38) +0.167 (4.24) 0.72 (18.3)
165 (1,140) 25.0 38.30 (972.8) ±0.050 (1.27) 1.532 (38.91) +0.184 (4.67) 0.72 (18.3)
200 (1,380) 21.0 38.30 (972.8) ±0.050 (1.27) 1.824 (46.33) +0.219 (5.56) 0.72 (18.3)
235 (1,620) 18.0 38.30 (972.8) ±0.050 (1.27) 2.1 28 (54.05) +0.255 (6.48) 0.72 (18.3)
42 (1,050) 80 (550) 51.0 44.50 (1,1 30.3) ±0.060 (1.52) 0.872 (22.15) +0.1 22 (3.1 0) 0.84 (21.3)
100 (690) 41.0 44.5 0 (1,1 30.3) ±0.060 (1.52) 1.085 (27.5 6) +0.152 (3.86) 0.84 (21.3)
125 (860) 32.5 44.50 (1,1 30.3) ±0.060 (1.52) 1.369 (34.77) +0.1 64 (4.17) 0.84 (21.3)
150 (1,030) 27.5 44.5 0 (1,1 30.3) ±0.060 (1.52) 1.618 (41.1 0) +0.194 (4.93) 0.84 (21.3)
T
(continued)

165 (1,140) 25.0 44.50 (1,1 30.3) ±0.060 (1.52) 1.780 (45.21) +0.214 (5.44) 0.84 (21.3)

200 (1,380) 21.0 44.5 0 (1,130.3) ±0.060 (1.52) 2.119 (53.82) +0.254 (6.45) 0.84 (21.3)
48 (1,200) 80 (550) 51.0 50.80 (1,290.3) ±0.075 (1.90) 0.996 (25.30) +0.1 39 (3.53) 0.96 (24.4)
100 (690) 41.0 50.80 (1,290.3) ±0.075 (1.90) 1.239 (31.47) +0.173 (4.39) 0.96 (24.4)
125 (860) 32.5 50.80 (1,290.3) ±0.075 (1.90) 1.5 63 (39.70) +0.188 (4.78) 0.96 (24.4)
150 (1,030) 27.5 50.80 (1,290.3) ±0.075 (1.90) 1.847 (46.91) +0.222 (5.64) 0.96 (24.4)
165 (1,140) 25.0 50.80 (1,290.3) ±0.075 (1.90) 2.032 (51.61) +0.244 (6.20) 0.96 (24.4)
54 (1,350) 80 (550) 51.0 57.5 6 (1,462.0) ±0.085 (2.16) 1.1 28 (28.65) +0.158 (4.01) 1.09 (27.8)
100 (690) 41.0 57.5 6 (1,462.0) ±0.085 (2.16) 1.404 (35.66) +0.197 (5.00) 1.09 (27.8)
125 (860) 32.5 57.5 6 (1,462.0) ±0.085 (2.16) 1.771 (44.98) +0.213 (5.41) 1.09 (27.8)
150 (1,030) 27.5 57.5 6 (1,462.0) ±0.085 (2.16) 2.093 (53.1 6) +0.251 (6.38) 1.09 (27.8)
165 (1,140) 25.0 57.5 6 (1,462.0) ±0.085 (2.16) 2.302 (58.47) +0.276 (7.01) 1.09 (27.8)
60 (1,500) 80 (550) 51.0 61.61 (1,564.9) ±0.091 (2.31) 1.208 (30.68) +0.168 (4.27) 1.17 (29.73)
100 (690) 41.0 61.61 (1,564.9) ±0.091 (2.31) 1.5 02 (38.15) +0.210 (5.33) 1.17 (29.73)
125 (860) 32.5 61.61 (1,564.9) ±0.091 (2.31) 1.896 (48.16) +0.227 (5.77) 1.17 (29.73)
150 (1,030) 27.5 61.61 (1,564.9) ±0.091 (2.31) 2.240 (56.9 0) +0.269 (6.83) 1.17 (29.73)
165 (1,140) 25.0 61.61 (1,564.9) ±0.091 (2.31) 2.464 (62.48) +0.295 (7.49) 1.17 (29.73)
Note: HDS = 2,000 psi.
?? ?
??
A?
Table 1B
??
Pipe barrel dimensions, pressure classes, and dimension ratios for PVC pipe with IPS outside diameter (continued)
Pressure Class at
A C
Nominal 73.4°F (23°C) Dimension Outside Diameter—in. (mm) Maximum
Size Ratio
? ?? -? ?
14 (350) 100 (690) 41.0 14.00 (355.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.341 (8.66) +0.048 (1.22) 0.20 (5.08)
125 (860) 32.5 14.00 (355.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.430 (10.92) +0.052 (1.32) 0.20 (5.08)
160 (1,100) 26.0 14.00 (355.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.538 (13.67) +0.064 (1.63) 0.20 (5.08)
200 (1,380) 21.0 14.00 (355.6) ±0.015 (0.38) 0.666 (16.92) +0.080 (2.03) 0.20 (5.08)
16 (400) 100 (690) 41.0 16.00 (406.4) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.390 (9.91) +0.055 (1.40) 0.32 (8.1 3)
125 (860) 32.5 16.00 (406.4) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.492 (12.5 0) +0.059 (1.50) 0.32 (8.1 3)
160 (1,1 00) 26.0 16.00 (406.4) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.615 (15.62) +0.074 (1.88) 0.32 (8.1 3)
200 (1,380) 21.0 16.00 (406.4) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.762 (19.35) +0.091 (2.31) 0.32 (8.1 3)
18 (450) 100 (690) 41.0 18.00 (457.2) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.439 (11.15) +0.061 (1.55) 0.36 (9.14)
125 (860) 32.5 18.00 (457.2) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.554 (14.07) +0.066 (1.68) 0.36 (9.14)
160 (1,100) 26.0 18.00 (457.2) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.692 (17.58) +0.083 (2.11) 0.36 (9.14)
200 (1,380) 21.0 18.00 (457.2) ±0.019 (0.48) 0.857 (21.77) +0.1 03 (2.62) 0.36 (9.14)
20 (500) 100 (690) 41.0 20.00 (508.0) ±0.023 (0.58) 0.488 (12.40) +0.068 (1.73) 0.40 (10.2)
125 (860) 32.5 20.00 (508.0) ±0.023 (0.58) 0.615 (15.62) +0.074 (1.88) 0.40 (10.2)
160 (1,1 00) 26.0 20.00 (508.0) ±0.023 (0.58) 0.769 (19.53) +0.092 (2.34) 0.40 (10.2)
T
Table 1B Pipe barrel dimensions, pressure classes, and dimension ratios for PVC pipe with IPS outside diameter (continued)


200 (1,380) 21.0 20.00 (508.0) ±0.023 (0.58) 0.952 (24.18) +0.114 (2.90) 0.40 (10.2)
24 (600) 100 (690) 41.0 24.00 (609.6) ±0.031 (0.79) 0.585 (14.86) +0.082 (2.08) 0.48 (12.2)
125 (860) 32.5 24.00 (609.6) ±0.031 (0.79) 0.738 (18.75) +0.088 (2.24) 0.48 (12.2)
160 (1,1 00) 26.0 24.00 (609.6) ±0.031 (0.79) 0.923 (23.44) +0.111 (2.82) 0.48 (12.2)
200 (1,380) 21.0 24.00 (609.6) ±0.031 (0.79) 1.143 (29.03) +0.1 37 (3.48) 0.48 (12.2)
30 (750) 100 (690) 41.0 30.00 (762.0) ±0.041 (1.04) 0.732 (18.59) +0.1 02 (2.59) 0.60 (15.2)
125 (860) 32.5 30.00 (762.0) ±0.041 (1.04) 0.923 (23.44) +0.111 (2.82) 0.60 (15.2)
160 (1,1 00) 26.0 30.00 (762.0) ±0.041 (1.04) 1.154 (29.31) +0.1 38 (3.51) 0.60 (15.2)
200 (1,380) 21.0 30.00 (762.0) ±0.041 (1.04) 1.428 (36.27) +0.171 (4.34) 0.60 (15.2)
36 (900) 100 (690) 41.0 36.00 (914.4) ±0.050 (1.27) 0.878 (22.30) +0.1 23 (3.1 2) 0.72 (18.3)
125 (860) 32.5 36.00 (914.4) ±0.050 (1.27) 1.1 08 (28.14) +0.1 33 (3.38) 0.72 (18.3)
160 (1,100) 26.0 36.00 (914.4) ±0.050 (1.27) 1.385 (35.18) +0.166 (4.22) 0.72 (18.3)
200 (1,380) 21.0 36.00 (914.4) ±0.050 (1.27) 1.714 (43.5 4) +0.205 (5.21) 0.72 (18.3)
Note: HDS = 2,000 psi.
?? ?
?? ? A?? A C ? ?? -? ?
b. Designs not meeting the requirements of Sec. 4.3.2.3(a) shall be tested to

verify the joint assemblies qualify for an HDB category of 4,000 psi (2,758 MPa)
when tested in accordance with ASTM D2837 as modifed by ASTM D3139.
4.3.2.4 Standard lengths. Pipe shall be furnished in standard laying
lengths of 20 ft ±1 in. (6.1 m ±25 mm) unless otherwise required in the purchase
documents.
4.3.3 Physical properties.
4.3.3.1 Sustained pressure. Pipe specimens shall not fail, balloon, burst,
or weep, as defned in AS TM D1598, when tested at the applicable sustained-test
pressure listed in Table 2 for 1,000 hours at 73.4 ±3.6°F (23 ±2°C). Six specimens
shall be tested for 4-in. through 12-in. product and one specimen shall be tested
for sizes 14 in. and larger. Te test specimens shall be selected at random and cut
to allow for 36 in. (915 mm) between end closures. Pipe test specimens shall be
marked with the information required in Sec. 6.1 .2. Te pressure shall be mea-
sured with a device having a tolerance within ±10 psi. Either free-end or restrained-
end closures that do not leak at the test pressure shall be used.
4.3.3.2 Burst pressure. Te pipe, including any integral bell end, shall
not fail, as defned in AS TM D1599, when tested in accordance with the sample
sizes, conditioning, and procedural requirements of AS TM D1599 at 73.4 ±3.6°F
(23 ±2°C). Te pipe test specimens shall be selected at random and cut to allow for
36 in. (915 mm) between end closures. For bell-end pipe, the bell shall be included
Table 2 Pressure-test requirements
Hydrostatic-Test
Pressure Class Sustained-Test Pressure Pressure Burst-Test Pressure
DR psi (kPa) psi (kPa) psi (kPa) psi (kPa)
51 80 (550) 170 (1,180) 160 (1,110) 260 (1,800)
41 100 (690) 210 (1,450) 200 (1,380) 315 (2,180)
32.5 125 (860) 270 (1,870) 250 (1,730) 400 (2,760)
27.5 150 (1,030) 320 (2,200) 300 (2,070) 475 (3,280)
26 160 (1,1 00) 340 (2,350) 320 (2,210) 500 (3,450)
25 165 (1,140) 350 (2,420) 330 (2,280) 535 (3,690)
21 200 (1,380) 420 (2,900) 400 (2,760) 630 (4,350)
18 235 (1,620) 500 (3,450) 470 (3,240) 755 (5,210)
17 250 (1,720) 530 (3,650) 500 (3,450) 800 (5,500)
14 305 (2,1 00) 650 (4,490) 610 (4,210) 985 (6,800)

?? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
4.3.3.5 Extrusion quality. Te pipe shall not fail when tested by the ace-
tone-immersion method as specifed in AS TM D2152.
4.3.3.6 Ring-tensile (apparent tensile strength at yield) test. Te apparent
tensile strength at yield shall not be less than 6,300 psi (43.4 MPa) when tested in
accordance with AS TM D2290, Procedure C or Procedure D.
4.4.1 Workmanship. Te body and joining surfaces ofcouplings machined
Sec. 4.4 Machined Coupling Requirements
from extruded pipe shall conform to the same requirements as specifed for pipe
in Sec. 4.3.
4.4.2 Dimensions. Te computed dimension ratio of gasketed PVC cou-
plings machined from extruded pipe shall not be greater than the DR of the pipe,
except in the annular gasket space and coupling entry where the wall thickness
shall be at least the minimum wall thickness of the pipe (Tables 1A and 1B).
4.4.3 Burst pressure. Te quick-burst strength of couplings shall not be
less than the minimum burst pressure specifed for the pipe with which the cou-
plings are designed to be used when tested as specifed in Sec. 4.3.3.2.
4.4.4 Hydrostatic integrity. Couplings shall not leak, fracture, or burst
when subjected to an internal pressure equal to 2.0 times the designated PC of the
pipe with which they are designed to be used, as listed in Table 2, for a minimum
dwell of fve seconds.
4.4.5 Standard quantities. If elastomeric-gasketed couplings are to be
used as the primary pipe-joining method, one such coupling of a corresponding
size and PC shall be furnished with each length of plain-end pipe.
4.5.1 Workmanship. Fittings shall be fabricated from PVC pipe meeting
Sec. 4.5 Fabricated Fitting Requirements
the requirements of this standard. Te component pipe segments and the bonds
between them shall be free from voids, cracks, inclusions, and other defects. Te
joining surfaces of spigots and bells shall be free from imperfections that could
cause leaks. When component segments are joined using solvent cement, the pro-
cedure shall conform with the standard practice for making pressure joints out-
lined in AS TM D2855.
4.5.2 Dimensions.
4.5.2.1 Fitting barrel. Edge-joined segments of a fabricated ftting shall
have the same dimension ratio.

?
4.5.2.2 Standard confgurations. Standard confgurations shall include

customary angles for branch connections or bends. Nonstandard angles of branch
connections or bends may be specifed. Leg lengths shall be the minimum practical
for the method of fabrication, unless otherwise specifed.
4.5.2.3 Reinforcement of solvent cement joints. Fitting segments, which
are joined by solvent cementing, shall be designed on the basis of a maximum lap
shear strength of the solvent cement joint of 900 psi (6.2 MPa). Overwrapped rein-
forcement shall not be considered in design of the solvent cement joint.
4.5.3 Segment joint quality.
4.5.3.1 Butt-fusion or thermal weld. A suitable probe, energized with
25,000 V, shall be swept along the joint line approximately 0.1 in. (3 mm) away
from the PVC surface of the joined segments on the side opposite to the ground-
ing medium. Te grounding medium shall be a metallic conductor held against
the seam surface opposite the probe. For thermally welded seams other than butt-
fusion, the test shall be conducted only after the frst 20 percent or less of the weld
thickness is applied. Any discontinuity in the segment joint is indicated by the
jump of an arc (sparking) from the probe tip and shall be cause for rejection of the
ftting until such a time that the weld is repaired.
4.5.3.2 Solvent-cemented bond quality. Specimens for lap shear testing
shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of AS TM D2564, except
as modifed herein. Te test specimens shall be obtained from a sample solvent-
cemented joint produced by solvent-cementing component pipe segments identical
to those that are to be used to fabricate fttings. After at least a 72-hour solvent
cement curing time at 73.4 ±3.6°F (23 ±2°C), three specimens shall be tested per
segment joint. Each specimen shall be a section of the segment joint measuring
approximately 1 in. × 2 in. (25 mm × 50 mm) and shall not include any over-
wrapping reinforcement. A portion of each test specimen shall be machined of as
needed to obtain a specimen similar to that shown in Figure 1. After placing the
specimen in a testing device similar to that shown in Figure 1, apply the force at a
shear speed of 0.05 in. (1.25 mm)/min. Te minimum average lap shear strength
of three specimens shall be 900 psi (6.2 MPa).
Note: Where mechanical joint restraint devices are used to control thrust
movements of fabricated fttings, consult with the fttings manufacturer to deter-
mine the tensile thrust limitations for the specifc sizes, confgurations, and pres-
sure classes specifed.

?? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
Test Specimen
Applied Force
Joint
Notch shall be machined
to match radius of the
test specimen.
Lap Shear
Testing Device
Figure 1 Lap shear test

4.5.4 Te fabricated ftting shall not fail, balloon, burst, or
Pressure test.
weep when subjected to an internal pressure equal to 2.0 times the PC shown in
Table 2 for a minimum of 2 hours.
f
4.6.1 Joints shall be designed to provide a permanent seal. A repre-
Sec. 4. 6 Joint Design Performance Quali cation Requirements
Joints.
sentative size of each assembled joint design shall meet the requirements of AS TM
D3139. Requalifcation shall be required whenever the joint design is modifed.
4.6.2 Fusion joints shall provide axial strength for trench-
Fusion joints.
less installation and operational loading. Te lowest DR of every nominal diam-

eter of pipe manufactured for fusion shall meet the following qualifcation test
requirement. A full wall thickness coupon sample (cut across a joint that has been
thermally butt-fused using commercially available equipment in accordance with
the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and parameters) shall be subjected
to an axial stress of 6,400 psi* at 73.4 ±3.6°F (23 ±2°C) pursuant to the test pro-
cedures set forth in AS TM D638 (using a tensometer, universal test machine, or
* Te maximum stress imparted by the minimum burst-test pressures required in Table 2 is 6,400 psi. Tat stress is
in the hoop direction. Te full axial stress at the quick-burst pressure is half the hoop stress or 3,200 psi. An axial
strength of 6,400 psi provides a safety factor of 2.0 against joint separation at the quick-burst pressure. Te fusion
bead should be left on the coupon sample, but the cross-section area away from the bead shall be used to calculate
the required axial load.
?
similar loading apparatus) without reaching yield, as defned in ASTM D638. A

nonstandard AS TM D638 test coupon with minimum gage length of 3.0 in. and
minimum gage width of 0.4 in. (with full wall thickness) shall be utilized. Te
geometry of the tabs and transition from the tabs to the gage section are not speci-
fed, except they must be sufcient to allow yield of the test coupon or attainment
of greater than 6,400 psi. Te testing speed shall be 0.20 in. (5.1 mm)/min ±25 per-
cent. Te testing described in this section is specifc to each fusion pipe compound.
Requalifcation shall be required whenever the pipe compound is changed. Formula
substitutions involving the same or equivalent ingredients and changes in color pig-
ment do not qualify as a change in the compound and are not required to undergo
requalifcation testing.
Sec. 4.7 Pressure- Class Designation Requirements and Pressure Design
4.7.1 Pressure class. Tis standard classifes pipe in accordance with its
Recommendations
pressure class (PC). Te following expression, commonly known as the ISO equa-
tion, is used to calculate the PC:
PC = [2  (DR – 1)] × [HDB  SF] (Eq 1)

Where:
PC = Pressure class, psi
DR = Dimension ratio = Do/t
Do = Average OD
t = Minimum pipe wall thickness
HDB = Hydrostatic design basis, 4,000 psi
SF = Safety factor, 2.0, provides for a degree of safety and accounts for
installation and operation variables, including limited surge efects
Pressure-class values for pipe described in this standard are given in Tables 1A
and 1B. Te PC values listed are the maximum working pressure (WP) ratings of
pipe made in accordance with this standard. Tey assume that the pipe system’s
sustained operating temperature is at or below 73.4°F (23°C), and that the pipe is
not subject to sudden changes in fow velocity or surge pressures in excess of those
defned in Sec. 4.7.1 .2.
4.7.1 .1 Temperature. For pipe that meets the requirements of this stan-
dard, the PC denotes the working pressure (WP) rating at or below 73.4°F (23°C).
Te appropriate temperature coefcient (FT) found in Table 3 shall be applied
when it is anticipated that the sustained operating temperatures will be above
?? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
73.4°F (23°C). Interpolation shall be applied to temperatures in between those

listed in Table 3.
WP ≤ PC × FT (Eq 2)
Where:
WP = Working pressure, psi
FT = Temperature coefcient (Table 3)
Note: A short-term rise in service temperature above 73°F (for example, for
a few weeks during summer) does not require use of temperature coefcients, FT,
for pipeline design.
4.7.1 .2 Surge pressure allowance. Two types of pressure surge, occasional
and recurring, shall be considered.
4.7.1 .2.1 Occasional surge pressure capacity (WP + POS). Occasional
surge pressure capacity or short-term pressure rating is the sum of the maximum
anticipated WP and maximum anticipated POS. Occasional surge pressure capac-
ity shall not exceed the short-term pressure rating, which is 1.60 times the pipe’s
PC times FT. Te allowable POS capacities and corresponding allowable velocity
changes are listed in Table 4.
WP + POS ≤ 1.60 PC × FT (Eq 3)
Where:
WP = Working pressure, psi
POS = Occasional surge pressure, psi
FT = Temperature coefcient (Table 3)
4.7.1 .2.2 Recurring surge pressure capacity (WP + PRS). Recurring surge
pressure capacity is the sum of the maximum anticipated WP and the maximum
anticipated surge pressure.* Cyclic surge design is a function of three variables:
mean (average) stress, stress amplitude, and number of cycles to failure. Recurring
surge pressure capacity should be determined using Figure B.2 and the design
example in appendix B of this standard.
* High-frequency, high-amplitude surge conditions are not typically design limiting for municipal water systems but
should be considered, especially in the design of sewer force mains and irrigation pipelines.
? O ?? ?IN ?? C? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ? ITTIN ? ? ? ? ?
Table 4 Allowable maximum occasional surge pressure capacity and allowable sudden
changes in water velocity for pipe operating at 73°F at working pressures expressed as per-
cent of nominal pressure class (PC) *
Pressure Class Occasional Surge Corresponding Sudden Delta V With WP = % of PC

(PC) Pressure Capacity 100% 80% 60% 40%
DR psi (kPa) psi (kPa) ft/sec (m/sec) ft/sec (m/sec) ft/sec (m/sec) ft/sec (m/sec)
51 80 (550) 128 (880) 4.7 (1.4) 6.3 (1.9) 7.9 (2.4) 9.5 (2.9)
41 100 (690) 160 (1,1 00) 5.3 (1.6) 7.0 (2.1) 8.8 (2.7) 10.6 (3.2)
32.5 125 (860) 200 (1,380) 5.9 (1.8) 7.8 (2.4) 9.8 (3.0) 11.8 (3.6)
27.5 150 (1,030) 240 (1,655) 6.5 (2.0) 8.6 (2.6) 10.8 (3.3) 12.9 (3.9)
26 160 (1,1 00) 256 (1,765) 6.5 (2.0) 8.7 (2.7) 10.9 (3.32) 13.1 (4.0)
25 165 (1,140) 264 (1,820) 6.7 (2.0) 9.0 (2.7) 11.2 (3.41) 13.5 (4.11)
21 200 (1,380) 320 (2,210) 7.5 (2.3) 10.0 (3.05) 12.5 (3.81) 15.0 (4.57)
18 235 (1,620) 376 (2,590) 8.1 (2.5) 10.8 (3.29) 13.5 (4.11) 16.2 (4.94)
17 250 (1,720) 400 (2,760) 8.4 (2.6) 11.2 (3.41) 14.0 (4.27) 16.8 (5.1 2)
14 305 (2,1 00) 488 (3,365) 9.2 (2.8) 12.3 (3.75) 15.4 (4.70) 18.5 (5.64)
*Te surge pressure tolerances stated in this table apply only to pipe and not to system components, which may
have lesser tolerances. Te design should consider possible system reactions and their potential efects on system
components.
See Section 3 for defnitions of recurring and occasional surge pressures.
A pipe may sometimes be subjected to net negative internal pressure because of the individual or combined
efect of internal negative transients and external forces (such as water table). When this situation exists, refer to
the supplier for information on the hydraulic collapse resistance of the pipeline.
4.7.2 Fabricated fttings. Fabricated PVC fttings meeting the require-
ments of this standard shall have the PC designations listed in Table 1A or Table 1 B
that are equal to or less than the pressure for the dimension ratio of the pipe used
in their fabrication. Te determination of maximum pressure classes for fabricated
fttings shall follow the method given in Sec. 4.7.1 for pipe, ignoring the efect of
any overwrap reinforcement.
SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
f T
Te manufacturer shall take adequate measures in the production of extruded
Sec. 5 .1 Quality Control and Quali cation est Requirements
PVC pipe, couplings, and fabricated fttings to ensure product compliance with the
requirements of this standard. Te pipe, couplings, and fabricated fttings shall be
?? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
tested at 73.4 ±3.6°F (23 ±2°C), unless otherwise specifed, in accordance with the
requirements of Sec. 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6 at intervals as required in this standard.
5.1 .1 Pipe dimensions. Te dimensions of pipe produced from each extru-
sion outlet, and the bell or sleeve-reinforced bell of pipe with such ends, shall
be verifed in accordance with Sec. 4.3.2 at the beginning of production of each
specifc material and each size. Tereafter, pipe from each extrusion outlet shall be
measured hourly. For pipe that requires more than an hour to extrude, each pipe
length shall be measured in accordance with Sec. 4.3.2.
5.1 .2 Coupling dimensions. Te dimensions of machined couplings
shall be measured in accordance with Sec. 4.4.2 at the beginning of production
of each specifc material and each size. Tereafter, one specimen shall be mea-
sured each hour.
5.1 .3 Pipe sustained pressure. At the beginning of production of a new
compound at each production facility, qualifcation tests shall be conducted for
the pipe extrusion process in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.1 . Representative pipe test
samples shall be composed of the combination of size and class that results in the
thickest minimum wall thickness to be produced at the production facility as ref-
erenced in Table 1. Tereafter, semi-annual requalifcation test specimens of 4 in.
(100 mm) or 6 in. (150 mm) and of 8 in. (200 mm) or one larger diameter made
from each compound shall also be tested in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.1 . Te
sustained pressure test is only for qualifcation of the compound and the extrusion
process. Changes in color pigment that meet the requirements of PPI TR-2 or PPI
TR-3 do not constitute a separate compound. Te normal variations inherent in
handling technique, processing equipment, and measuring precision do not con-
stitute a change in the compound.
5.1 .4 Pipe burst strength. * Te quick-burst strength of pipe produced
from each production facility shall be tested in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.2 at the
beginning of production of the frst articles of each size, each class, and each PVC
compound. Tereafter, one specimen from each extrusion outlet shall be tested
every 24 hours or for nominal pipe sizes greater than 12 in., at least one specimen
shall be tested per production run (lot) or every 100 lengths of pipe produced from
each extrusion outlet, whichever is more frequent. Te ring-tensile test, in accor-
dance with Sec. 4.3.3.6, shall be an acceptable substitute test for the quick-burst
* Te burst test is the most severe test of pipe strength required in this standard.
?
test after initial production testing. Ring test specimens shall be cut from pipe that
would otherwise have been tested in accordance with this section.
5.1 .5 Coupling burst strength. Te quick-burst strength of machined cou-
plings shall be tested in accordance with Sec. 4.4.3 at the beginning of a produc-
tion run of each specifc material and each size. Tereafter, one specimen shall be
tested every 8 hours.
5.1 .6 Flattening capability. Te fattening capability of pipe produced
from each extrusion outlet shall be tested in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.4 at the
beginning of production of each specifc compound and each size. Te test shall
also be run immediately following any change from established running condi-
tions that could afect extrusion quality. Tereafter, one specimen from each extru-
sion outlet shall be tested every 8 hours for nominal pipe sizes less than 14 in.
Changes in color pigment that meet the requirements of PPI TR-2 or PPI TR-3
do not constitute a separate compound. Te normal variations inherent in han-
dling technique, processing equipment, and measuring precision do not constitute
a change in the compound.
5.1 .7 Extrusion quality. Te pipe produced from each extrusion outlet
shall be tested in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.5 at the beginning of production of
each specifc compound and each size. Te test shall also be run immediately fol-
lowing any change from established running conditions that could afect extrusion
quality. Changes in color pigment that meet the requirements of PPI TR-2 or PPI
TR-3 do not constitute a separate compound. Te normal variations inherent in
handling technique, processing equipment, and measuring precision do not con-
stitute a change in the compound.
5.1 .8 Fitting segment fusion. At the beginning of the production of a new
confguration or change of manufacturing process/equipment, using the butt-
fusion or thermal welding method of segment joining, qualifcation tests shall be
conducted in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.1 at each production facility.
5.1.9 Fitting segment solvent-cemented bond quality. Where solvent cement
is used to join ftting segments, the quality of the bond shall be tested in accordance
with Sec. 4.5.3.2 at startup and once every 200 fttings produced using this proce-
dure. Testing shall also be required on changing PVC cement product brand or on
surface preparation used in the process prior to any fttings being made using the
alternative product(s). Failure to meet the requirements of Sec. 4.5.3.2 or Sec. 4.5.4
shall result in the rejection or testing of all fttings manufactured since the last suc-
cessful test.
?? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
5.1.10 Fabricated ftting pressure test.

5.1.10.1 f
Quali cation pressure test. f
For a speci c production run process
and whenever the production run process is changed, a representative fabricated
ftting specimen shall be subjected to a sustained pressure test in accordance with
Sec. 4.3.3.1 . A representative specimen shall be the most severely stressed ftting
con f guration. (Note: Severe stresses generally occur where ftting segments are
joined together.)
5.1.10.2 Quality-control pressure test. Test each ftting size and confgura-
f f
tion once for every 50 ttings of the same con guration produced or when the fabri-
f
cation process changes in accordance with Sec. 4.5.4. Con gurations shall be de ned f
f
as the tting types listed and described in Section 3, De nition 4, f Tees and Crosses,
f
and shall be combined as a single con guration. For the purposes of quality-control
testing, ftting size in reference to tees and crosses shall refer to mainline pipe diam-
eter, and for tapers shall refer to large-end pipe diameter, within four sets of diameters
ranging from 4 in. through 1 2 in., from 14 in. through 24 in., from 30 in. through
f
36 in., and from 42 in. through 48 in. Separate con gurations for tees and crosses
f
shall be de ned in terms of a mainline: branch diameter ratio, with ratios below and
f
above 1:0.5 considered two separate con gurations (i.e., 48 × 24 tee would be a sepa-
f
rate con guration from a 48 × 20 tee). Size-on-size tees and crosses, with a mainline:
f
branch ratio of 1:1, along with “one step reduction ttings” (i.e., 48 × 42 tee or 24 ×
f
20 tee), will also constitute a separate con guration. Failure to meet the requirements
of Sec. 4.5.4 shall result in the rejection or testing of all fttings manufactured since
the last successful test.
5.1 .11 Retest and rejection. When any product or test specimen fails a test
required, the test shall be repeated to ensure that the proper test procedure was
f
followed. If the repeated test con rms noncompliance in this standard, additional
tests shall be performed to determine which products are acceptable of those pro-
duced since the last favorable test. Products that fail to meet any requirement shall
be rejected.
5.1.1 2 Hydrostatic pressure integrity test for pipe. Each standard length
(Sec. 4.3.2.4) of pipe shall be pressure tested in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.3.
Either nonstandard lengths shall be pressure tested every 24 hours using end caps
and restraints and testing in accordance with Sec. 4.3.3.3; or a 20-ft length shall
be taken from the production run and belled for testing in the on-line hydrostatic-
test apparatus (Sec. 4.3.3.3); or a sample of pipe shall be cut from the production
and hydrostatic-tested in the same apparatus used for burst testing (Sec. 4.3.3.2).

? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ? ??
?
5.1 .1 3 Hydrostatic pressure integrity test for machined couplings. Each sepa-
rate machined coupling shall be pressure tested in accordance with Sec. 4.4.4.
5.1 .14 Optional hydrostatic pressure test frequency. When required in the
purchase document, the manufacturer shall conduct hydrostatic pressure integrity
tests for pipes or couplings at test frequencies other than required in Sec. 5.1 .1 2 and
5.1 .1 3. Each supplier, including the manufacturer, shall provide written notice to
its purchaser if this option is used.
Sec. 5.2 Quality-Control Records
Te manufacturer shall maintain, for a period of not less than two years, a
record of quality-control tests and shall, if requested, submit the pertinent record
to the purchaser.
Sec. 5.3 Plant Inspection
When plant inspection is required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall

provide the purchaser with advance notice of when and where production of
ordered materials will begin.
Te purchaser’s inspector shall have access at reasonable times to those parts
of a manufacturer’s plant that are necessary to ensure that products comply with
this standard.
Plant inspection by the purchaser or the omission of such inspections shall
not relieve the manufacturer of the responsibility to furnish materials that comply
with this standard.
Sec. 5.4 Basis for Rejection
Any pipe or ftting not complying with the requirements of this standard and
the purchaser’s documents may be rejected.
SECTION 6: MARKING AND DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Marking Requirements
6.1 .1 General. Pipe, couplings, and fttings shall bear identifcation

markings that will remain legible after normal handling, storage, and installation.
Te markings shall be applied in a manner that will not reduce the strength of any
product covered by this standard.
6.1 .2 Pipe. Marking shall include the following and shall be applied at
intervals of not more than 5 ft (1.5 m):

?? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
a. Nominal size in inches and OD base (for example, 24 CIOD or 24 IPS).*

b. PVC.
c. Dimension ratio per Tables 1A and 1B (for example, DR 25).†
d. Pressure class in pounds per square inch (psi) in accordance with Tables 1A
and 1B (for example, PC 165).‡
e. Te hydrostatic integrity test pressure (for example, T330) shall be in-
cluded on all standard length hydrostatic-tested pipe. Te marking on nonstandard
length pipe, hydrostatic-tested in accordance with Sec. 5.1 .1 2, shall be marked,
“HYDROS TATIC PRESSURE TES TED EVERY 24 HRS.” All standard and
nonstandard pipe lengths tested in accordance with the alternate test frequency
requirement of Sec. 5.1 .14 shall be marked, “NOT HYDROS TATIC PRESSURE
TES TED.”
f. AWWA designation for this standard (ANSI/AWWA C900-16).
g. Manufacturer’s name or trademark and production run record or lot code.
h. Te mark of the certifying agency in accordance with Sec. 4.2.4 for pipe
intended for potable-water service or if not intended for potable water—“NOT
FOR POTABLE USE.”
i. For defectable joints, the maximum allowable axial joint defection in
degrees (for example, joint D ≤1°).
6.1 .3 Couplings and fabricated fttings. Marking on couplings and fabri-
cated fttings shall include the following:
a. Nominal size OD base and defection angle if applicable (for example,
18-in. IPS 45°).
b. PVC.
c. Pressure class in pounds per square inch (psi) in accordance with Tables 1A
and 1B (for example, PC 165).
d. AWWA C900.
e. Manufacturer’s name or trademark.
f. Te mark of the certifying agency in accordance with Sec. 4.2.4 for the
coupling or ftting for potable-water service.
* Te marking on pipe manufactured to nonstandard diameters, when specifed in accordance with Sec. 4.3.2.2,
shall include “Specifed OD” followed by the pipe OD in inches to the nearest tenth of an inch.
† Te marking on pipe manufactured to nonstandard dimension ratios, when specifed in accordance with Sec.
4.3.2.2, shall include “Specifed DR” followed by the pipe DR to the nearest tenth.
‡ Te marking on pipe manufactured to nonstandard dimension ratios, when specifed in accordance with Sec.
4.3.2.2, shall include “Specifed PC” followed by the pressure class in pounds per square inch calculated using
Equation 1 of Sec. 4.7.1 .
? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ? ITTIN ? ? ? ?
?
g. For defectable joints, the maximum allowable axial joint defection in

degrees (for example, joint D ≤1°).
Pipe, couplings, and fabricated fttings, unless otherwise required by the sup-
Sec. 6. 2 Shipping
plier or purchaser, shall be prepared for standard commercial shipment in a man-

ner that provides for protection from damage.
Pipe, couplings, and fabricated fttings that are damaged as a result of ship-
ment shall be rejected.
f
Te purchaser may require an afdavit from the manufacturer that the mate-
Sec. 6. 3 A davit of Compliance
rials provided comply with the applicable requirements of this standard.


APPENDIX A
Bibliography
Tis appendix is for information only and is not a part ofANSI/AWWA C900.
ANSI/AWWA C605-13—Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride

(PVC) and Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride (PVCO) Pressure Pipe and
Fittings for Water.
ANSI/AWWA C907-12—Injection-Molded Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pres-
sure Fittings, 4 In. Trough 12 In. (100 mm Trough 300 mm), for Water, Waste-
water, and Reclaimed Water Service.
AWWA Manual M23, PVC Pipe—Design and Installation, 2nd ed., Denver,
Colo.: AWWA, 2002.
Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association. Handbook ofPVC: Pipe Design and Construc-
tion, 5th rev. ed. New York: Industrial Press, 2012.
??

APPENDIX B
Recurring (Cyclic) Surge
Figures and Design Example
Tis appendix is for information only and is not a part ofANSI/AWWA/C900.
SECTION B.1 : DISCUSSION

Cyclic surge design is presented in terms of allowable cycles to failure as the
quantity to which a safety factor is applied. Te safety factor on cycles to failure is
2.0 (corresponding to a DF of 0.5).
Cyclic surge design is a function of three variables: mean (average) stress,
stress amplitude, and number of cycles to failure:
1. From Figure B.1 , “mean (average) stress” is the hoop stress caused by the
static WP in the pipe. Te surge pressure will cycle above and below this value.
2. Also from Figure B.1 , “stress amplitude” is the increase in hoop stress
caused by the cyclic surge pressure.
3. “Number of cycles to failure” is the value determined in Figure B.2. Tis
value must be at least equal to the safety factor times the anticipated number of
surge cycles.
Note: Occasional transients caused by emergency pump and valve opera-
tions can be severe. Pipe systems should be designed to withstand positive and
negative pressures caused by these emergency operations. Water column separation
may occur if the negative pressure is reduced to the vapor pressure of the liquid.
Rejoining of the separated water column typically results in a large pressure rise,
which will possibly damage the pipe system. Whenever possible, water column
separation should be avoided.
SECTION B.2: DESIGN EXAMPLE
Given:
Pipe: 18-in. DR 18, PC = 235 psi
Working pressure (WP) = 160 psi (determined by designer)
Anticipated cycles per day 55, factor of safety = 2
??
?? ? A?? A C ? ?? -? ?
peak stress
σ amplitude
Hoop Stress (psi)
σ range
σ peak
minimum
stress
σ average (mean)
Time
Figure B1 Illustration of stress terms*
Stress Amplitude (psi)

2000
1 600
3000
2560
1 500
1 000
255
500
300
200
1 50
1 00
700
50
20
0
3,000
Positive/Negative
2,500 Boundary, minimum Design should take place between
stress = 0 psi. minimum stress of 0 psi and a peak
Mean Hoop Stress (psi)
stress of 2,000 psi.

2,000
Peak Stress = 2,000 psi
1 ,500
1 ,360
1 ,000
ZONE OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE

500 DO NOT DESIGN SYSTEM FOR
NEGATIVE OPERATING PRESSURES
0
2.1 × 1 0 4
1 × 1 03 1 × 1 04 1 × 1 05 1 × 1 06 1 × 1 07 1 × 1 08 1 × 1 09
Number of Cycles to Failure
Figure B2 Cyclic design curves

* Source: Moser, A.P., and G. Kellogg. Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Performance, Denver, Colo.:
AwwaRF and AWWA, 1994.

? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ? ? ? ?
Design life: 50 years

Anticipated recurring surge pressure (PRS) = ±30 psi (determined by designer)*
Anticipated occasional instantaneous change in fow velocity 7 ft/sec (deter-
mined by designer)
Occasional surge pressure per 1 ft/sec instantaneous fow change is 17.4 psi
for DR 18 pipe. (Please see AWWA Manual M23, PVC Pipe—Design and Instal-
lation.)
Sustained operating temperature: 60°F
Analysis:
Step 1: Temperature considerations: operating temperature does not exceed
73°F, FT = 1 and pressure-rating reduction is not necessary, PC = 235 psi
Step 2: Check working pressure versus pressure class
Working pressure: 160 psi
Per Eq 2 in Sec. 4.7.1 .1 , working pressure cannot exceed allowable pres-
sure of PC × FT 235 psi × 1.00 = 235 psi > 160 psi
OK for working pressure
Step 3: Check occasional surge pressure capacity (WP + POS)
Anticipated occasional surge pressure (POS)
= 17.4 psi / (1 ft/sec) × 7 ft/sec = 122 psi
Anticipated occasional surge pressure capacity (WP + POS)
= 160 psi + 122 psi = 282 psi
Allowable occasional surge pressure capacity, (1.60 × PC × FT)
= 1.60 × 235 psi × 1 = 376 psi
Check allowable versus anticipated
376 psi > 282 psi
OK for occasional surge pressure capacity.
Step 4: Check recurring surge pressure capacity (WP + PRS)
(Please see Uni-Bell Handbook PVC Pipe Design and Construction.)
* Cyclic surge design is rarely, if ever, the controlling factor in the design of looped water distribution systems. Te
recurrent surges within a looped system are generally of too small a magnitude to govern the overall pipe design.
In transmission systems where water or wastewater is being pumped from one point to another (from a source to
a reservoir, for example), a cyclic design evaluation is based on the results of a system transient analysis carried out
by an experienced professional engineer. Te simplifed example in this appendix is for illustrative purposes and
uses a cyclic surge pressure of ±30 psi—a conservative value based on research completed by the AWWA Research
Foundation in which 80 percent of respondents reported recurrent surge pressures below 20 psi. Designers are cau-
tioned not to use arbitrarily high velocities to calculate cyclic pressures (maximum system velocities or fre fows, for
example), as these will result in over-design of the system that could actually exacerbate surge issues in the system,
which will possibly damage the pipe system. Whenever possible, water column separation should be avoided.
?? ? ??
A A C ? ?? -? ?
Maximum design pressure, Pmax = (WP + PRS) = 160 psi +

30 psi = 190 psi
Minimum design pressure, Pmin = (WP – PRS) = 160 psi –
30 psi = 1 30 psi
Mean hoop stress (Figure B.1) = (Pmax + Pmin) (DR – 1) / 4
= (190 psi + 1 30 psi) (18 – 1) / 4 = 1,360 psi
Stress amplitude (Figure B.1) = (Pmax – Pmin) (DR – 1) / 4
= (190 psi – 1 30 psi) (18 – 1) / 4 = 255 psi
Total number of cycles = factor of safety × (number of cycles/day) ×
(365 days/year) × (design life in years) = 2 × 54 × 365 × 50 = 2.0 ×
10 6 cycles
Actual number of cycles to failure (Figure B.2) = 2.1 × 10 7 cycles
Check allowed versus anticipated cycles
2.1 × 10 7 cycles > 2.0 × 10 6 cycles
OK for recurring surge
Conclusion: DR 18 pipe is adequate for the design conditions.

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ANSI/AWWA C900-16

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

American National Standard

This AWWA content is the product of thousands of

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

R.R. Bishop, Diamond Plastics Corporation, Grand Island, Neb. (AWWA)

D.R. Andrews, Marion County Utilities, Belleview, Fla. (AWWA)

I.A. Background. Tis standard pertains to 4-in. through 60-in. (100-mm

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO

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Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe

* AS TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

AS TM D2564-12—Standard Specifcation for Solvent Cements for

* NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

conditions to form an essentially homogeneous structure. Reinforcement may be

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

* Two or more data sets required.

4.2.6.1 Resin. Resin used shall be a commercial grade of unsaturated

Pressure Class at Dimension

Nominal Pressure Class at Dimension Maximum

? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ?

Nominal Pressure Class at Dimension Maximum

? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ?

Pressure Class at Dimension

Nominal Pressure Class at Dimension Maximum

? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ?

Nominal Pressure Class at Dimension Maximum

? O ?? ?IN ?? C ? ?O?I ? E ? ? ?C ? ? ?E ?? U?E ? I ? E AN ? ?A? ?ICATE ? ?ITTIN ? ?

b. Designs not meeting the requirements of Sec. 4.3.2.3(a) shall be tested to

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Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

4.5.2.2 Standard confgurations. Standard confgurations shall include

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 1 Lap shear test

less installation and operational loading. Te lowest DR of every nominal diam-

similar loading apparatus) without reaching yield, as defned in ASTM D638. A

PC = [2  (DR – 1)] × [HDB  SF] (Eq 1)

73.4°F (23°C). Interpolation shall be applied to temperatures in between those

cent of nominal pressure class (PC) *

Pressure Class Occasional Surge Corresponding Sudden Delta V With WP = % of PC

5.1.10 Fabricated ftting pressure test.

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

When plant inspection is required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall

Sec. 6.1 Marking Requirements

6.1 .1 General. Pipe, couplings, and fttings shall bear identifcation

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

a. Nominal size in inches and OD base (for example, 24 CIOD or 24 IPS).*

g. For defectable joints, the maximum allowable axial joint defection in

plier or purchaser, shall be prepared for standard commercial shipment in a man-

rials provided comply with the applicable requirements of this standard.

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

ANSI/AWWA C605-13—Underground Installation of Polyvinyl Chloride

Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

SECTION B.1 : DISCUSSION

Figure B1 Illustration of stress terms*

Stress Amplitude (psi)

stress of 2,000 psi.

ZONE OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE

Figure B2 Cyclic design curves