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Senior High School

Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Freedom of the Human Person
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 7: The Human Person in Society
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education


May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Rhoda T. Razon, PhD, CESO V
Librada M. Rubio, PhD

Development Team of the Module


Writers: Mylene O. Castillo
Content Editors: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Reviewers: Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD
Sergio B. Gonzales
John Paul Paje
Language Editor: John Paul Paje
Illustration/ Layout Editor: John Paul Paje
Illustrator: Richard V. Gonzales
Layout Artist: Erickson N. Glodo
Management Team: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Angelica M. Burayag, PhD
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Nestor P. Neusca, EdD
Marie Ann C. Ligsay, PhD
Jayne M. Garcia, EdD
Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD

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Senior High School

Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Freedom of the Human Person
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the


Human Person 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Freedom of the Human Person

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and


reviewed by educators both from public and private
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into


guided and independent learning activities at their own
pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher


This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person 12 Alternative


Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Freedom of the Human Person!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or


Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to


check what you already know about the lesson
to take. If you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link


the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be


introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the


lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent


practice to solidify your understanding and skills
of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help


you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level
of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to
Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the


module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing


this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Freedom of the Human Person. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:


• Lesson 1 – Human Person’s Freedom
• Lesson 2 – Demonstrate freedom of choices and realizing the consequences of
choices
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. discern the essence of true freedom;
2. discuss moral responsibility and accountability in their exercise of freedom;
3. realize that all actions have consequences;
4. evaluate the exercise of prudence in choices;
5. realize that choices have consequences, and some things are given up while
others are obtained in making choices; and
6. show situations that demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of
choices.

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What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the ability to make choices and perform actions, and is an
intrinsic and essential property of the human person?
a. Freedom c. Norms
b. Judgment d. Responsibility

2. Which among the given choices refers to the freedom of choice?


a. Moral Freedom c. Psychological Freedom
b. Physical Freedom d. Spiritual Freedom

3. How do you call the ability of a person to act out of his or her own free will and
self- determination?
a. Freedom of speech c. Voluntariness
b. Orderliness d. Self-centeredness

4. What element of freedom refers to person being accountable for his or her
actions and their consequences?
a. Freedom c. Norms
b. Judgment d. Responsibility

5. In which statement shows the BEST example of usage of responsible freedom?


a. Reyna decided to buy new pair of shoes using her excess allowances.
b. Despite the threats made on his life, the witness decided to come forward
and disclosed important information regarding the crime witnessed.
c. A woman used the internet to humiliate her ex-boyfriend by spreading
lewd photos of him on social media.
d. Despite knowing that many of his clients were poor and desperate, a
moneylender continues to impose very high interest rates on loans.

6. Which of the following sets man from animals?


a. Freedom c. Love
b. Intellect d. Will

7. What do we call the act that is done with knowledge and will in a right
circumstance?
a. Act of Man c. Personal Act
b. Human Act d. Private Act

8. Which of the following is described as the absence or lack of knowledge?


a. Fear c. Passion
b. Ignorance d. Violence

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9. What do we call the inclinations to perform particular actions acquired by
repetitions?
a. Fear c. Ignorance
b. Habits d. Violence

10. What do we call the freedom that is innate and cannot be denied in a person?
a. Freedom of choice c. Moral freedom
b. Intellectual freedom d. Physical freedom

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Lesson

1 Human Person’s Freedom

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. discuss the meaning, kinds and elements of freedom;


2. understand the components of a free and voluntary act; and
3. illustrate the factors that affect the voluntariness of human acts.

What’s In

Hi there! Before jumping to our new lesson, let


us try to answer the following questions.

Identify the terms being described in the statement. Write your


answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. This is the branch of philosophy that is


concerned with the natural environment.

2. This view considers man as the most important species on the


planet.

3. This view believes that all organisms have inherent worth and
should be valued and protected.

4. This view places great value on ecosystems and biological


communities.

5. This is a moral approach in analyzing the relationship between


humans.

Notes to the Teacher


Facilitator will instruct the students to answer the given questions
before proceeding to the new lesson!

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Did you answer them all? Great job! We can now
move forward to your new lesson!

What’s New

Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person. This means that
the human person is by nature free and seeks freedom. One of the important
indications of human freedom is the ability to make choices and perform actions.
Freedom sets us apart from animal and from other beings. The human person does
not experience the world in the same way that animals do. Animals act instinctively,
meaning, their actions are more likely predetermined responses to certain stimuli. A
person, on the other hand, can choose the course of action to take when given a
stimulus or faced with a certain situation (Abella 2016).

ACTIVITY 1
Copy and complete the Five Fingers by filling each finger with words that you can
associate with FREEDOM. Please use a separate sheet of paper.

FREEDOM

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What is It

Freedom
According to Abella (2016), it is the power or right to act, speak or think as you
want without hindrance or restraint. It is an intrinsic and essential property of the
person. Furthermore, he also explained that freedom is also understood as the power
to be what you want to be and the ability to decide and create yourself. Though we
have certain inherent traits such as a physical attribute, many of the characteristics
that define our personality are often products of our choices. For instance, our skills
and talents are developed to the fullest only if we choose to dedicate time and effort
to improve them. We may have also imagined ourselves as a successful professional
in the future. Our nature as a human person gives us the ability to imagine that
future. Our freedom, meanwhile, gives us the ability to strive to achieve that goal.

Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self-determination and the exercise of


intellect and free will. This means that a person’s every action is freely determined
and these actions define him or her.

ACTIVITY 2
Look at the situation below.

Lito is carrying his things along the hallway when he suddenly loses his
balance and drops all of those things.

Which among the situations depicted in the images below will be your MOST
truthful reaction? Why? Explain your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

REACTION NO.1

You may laugh at him and refuse to help

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REACTION NO.2

You just ignore him while he picks up his


things.

REACTION NO.3

You choose to help him pick up his things.

Freedom gives us the choice to undertake one of these possible actions. It also
enables us to come up with new choices. The essence of freedom is that it does not
confine our actions to those set or expected by others; we can imagine new actions
and decide to undertake them (Abella 2016).

Kinds of Freedom
According to Abella (2016), there are three kinds of freedom. He also explained
the two important elements of freedom.

1. Physical Freedom. It refers to the absence of any physical restraint. Meaning,


it allows us to move from one place to another and to go wherever we want to
go.
2. Psychological Freedom. The person is free to perform actions that he or she
considers right and wise. This freedom is innate or natural and cannot be
denied. This is also called freedom of choice.

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3. Moral Freedom. It refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human
dignity and goodness. We are become more free when we use our freedom well,
but becomes less free when we use it in a bad way.

Elements of Freedom
1. Voluntariness
This is the ability of a person to act out of
his or her own free will and self-
determination. This means that a person may
decide to act or not to act, and these decisions
are made out of his or her own free will.
Voluntariness also means that a person may
act even if he or she is not required or called
to take action.
2. Responsibility
It refers to the person being accountable
for his or her actions and their consequences.
Taking responsibility can either mean a person
voluntarily taking responsibility for his or her
own actions, or being held responsible by other
people. Voluntariness and responsibility go
hand-in-hand in determining freedom, when
we are in a situation where we are forced to do
an action against on our will it follows that we are not be held responsible for
our involuntary actions.

Human Acts
According to Dimson (2015), a human act is referred to as the human activity of
man as man by which he obtains an end he wants to obtain. Human acts are the
rational acts of human person which involve understanding and free will. Human act
can be morally good or morally bad.

Dimson (2015) also discussed the three essential attributes of Human Acts.

Three essential attributes of Human Acts:

1. Knowledge. It is performed consciously.


2. Free will. It is performed freely.
3. Voluntary. It is done willfully.
Any actions that lack of these attributes are not considered as Human Acts.

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Acts of Man
Acts of man are instinctive or involuntary. These
are actions done under the circumstances of
ignorance, fear, passion, violence, habits and
physical and biological movements.

Ignorance – Lack of knowledge in a certain thing.

Fear – It is a mental disorder brought on by the


apprehension of some present or imminent danger.

Passion – Considered as mental responses, either tendencies towards


desirable objects or tendencies away from undesirable objects.

Violence – Is a forced exerted on a person by another person in order to compel


him to perform a certain action against his will.

Habits – Is a constant that tends to influence one to perform repeatedly


similar actions.

These are the actions connected with the person’s body. Examples are sleeping,
beating of the heart, digestion, blinking of the eye, eating, and walking.

What’s More

ACTIVITY 3
A. Read the following scenarios carefully. Identify whether the scenario in each item
depicts Physical Freedom. Psychological Freedom or Moral Freedom. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Alex by nature is short. However, he is very athletic. He plays lawn tennis
whenever there is a chance. He does not suffer from any physical restraint.
2. Instead of spending her excess allowance on a new pair of shoes, Monique
decided to donate the money to the affected of lockdown in their barangay due
to Covid-19.
3. Mr. Pantalunan is a righteous man. He was never charged for any immorality.
Therefore, he is free from any moral restraint.
4. Despite threats made on his life, the witness decided to come forward and
reveal the important information regarding the crime he witnessed.
5. Mr. Britos choose to live his life bound by an adherence of virtues such as
honesty, loyalty, forgiveness and self-discipline.

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B. The following are scenarios or situations about Human Acts and Acts of Man.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if otherwise. Provide a
justification for your answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Juan-a young man who grew up in the province-went to the city for the first
time. He crosses the street without a second thought and almost got hit by a car.
This is an example of Human Acts.

2. Gillian is a college student. Her mother works as a vegetable dealer while her
father is a waiter. Their earnings are barely enough to send their child to school.
Before the final examination, Gillian’s parents failed to send her money for her
tuition. One of Gillian’s friend, Giselle, offered her to work as an entertainer for
her to earn money for tuition. Without hesitation, Gillian signed up for the job.
This action of Gillian is an example of Human Acts.

3. Mrs. Aquino is a very rich businesswoman. Her only son was kidnapped and
the kidnappers asked for P 50 million pesos. Mrs. Aquino gave the money right
away. Mrs. Aquino’s action is an example of Acts of Man.

4. Acts of Man is when you decide on material things like choosing what dress
to wear.

5. Example of Human Acts are sleeping, walking and eating.

What I Have Learned

1. Our freedom is defined as an intrinsic and essential property. The human person
is by nature free and seeks freedom. Our freedom to act sets us apart from other
beings.

2. Freedom is also understood as the power to create and define oneself. It is also
rooted in our self – determination and the exercise of our intellect and free will.

3. To have and to exercise our freedom entail certain


responsibilities. Human action can either uphold or
diminish freedom.

4. There are three kinds of freedom. Physical freedom


refers to the absence of physical restraint.
Psychological freedom is the freedom of choice. Moral
freedom refers to the responsible use of freedom which
upholds human dignity and goodness.

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5. Freedom has two important elements the voluntariness and responsibility.
Voluntariness refers to the ability of the person to act out of his or her own free
will and self-determination while responsibility refers to the person being
accountable for his or her actions and their consequences.

What I Can Do

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the terms being described in the following statements.


Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This is the ability to make choices and perform actions, and is an intrinsic
and essential property of the human person.
2. It is a freedom from any physical restraint.
3. This freedom is also called freedom of choice.
4. It is the ability to act out of one’s own free will and
self-determination.
5. It refers to the person being accountable for his or
her actions and their consequences.

Additional Activities

In the table below, summarize your understanding on freedom by completing the


table. Copy the table and write your answer in each column.

I am free because…. As a free person, I must….

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Lesson Demonstrate freedom of
choices and realizing the
2 consequences of choices
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. explain freedom of choice and its limitations;


2. realizing prudence in choices; and
3. demonstrate freedom of choice and the consequences of choices.

What’s In

Good day! It is a wonderful day to start our new lesson, but


before going in to it, let us have a short review of our

Read the following questions and answer it based on


your own understanding. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. How is freedom related to self- determination?


2. Why are voluntariness and responsibility important
elements of freedom?

Notes to the Teacher


Facilitator will instruct the students to answer the given questions
before proceeding to the new lesson!

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Did you make it? Great job! We can now move
forward to your new lesson!

What’s New

The reality that we have to face as we exercising our freedom is the fact that
freedom is experienced through the act of making choices. Human freedom should
be exercised with control and recognition of reasonable limits. Although human
freedom gives us the ability to think, and to act countless possible actions, we only
get to choose to enact one of these possible actions or decisions and it doesn’t mean
that we should take action every time.

ACTIVITY 1
Read the following situations carefully and choose one that corresponds to your
choices and answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

Imagine you won a big contest and you were asked to choose one of the following
prizes:

a. A 4-year college educational scholarship at any school in the Philippines.


b. A 1-month all –expense paid trip for three to Korea.
c. A high-end gadget with a non-transferable contract.

Questions:
1. Which prize you will choose?
2. What factors made you come up with that decision?

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What is It

Freedom of Choice and its Consequences


The ability to exercise one’s freedom in any manner
is called freedom of choice.

In the previous example, you were asked to choose


one prize. Seemingly, all of them are great prizes.
However, if you will ever weigh the pros and cons of each
prize, you will easily realize that one may be better than
the other.

For example, if you choose the luxury car, the high


cost of maintenance and gasoline may burden you. The Korean trip would also be
fun but seems too impractical. A 4- year scholarship would have been the best choice
because its benefits are long- term and useful.

In choosing which prize to get, you have already exercised your freedom to make
decisions. However, it is important to realize that the choices you make have
corresponding consequences. (I hope, 2018)

Freedom of Choice and its Limits


The only exception to this rule is when an absolute
choice harms or delimits the self and others. It can be
compared to a cause and effect relationship where a
decision concludes with a corresponding effect on the
person Freedom of choice also includes the way one
act towards another. All forms of action, therefore, are
brought about by a person’s decision to accomplish
them. (I hope, 2018)

All decisions, big or small, have corresponding consequences which may be good
or bad.

Demonstrating Prudence in all Choices


Prudence is an act of making a good judgment
that allows a person to avoid risks. It is important to
be prudent at all times to prevent any harm that a
decision may cause. In making a decision, it is
critical to determine the adverse effects beforehand
to avoid greater risks. In exercising prudence in
choice it implies that we already criticized all
available options, and well- thought- of choice has been made. (I hope 2018)

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What’s More

ACTIVITY 2
Write the consequences that may arise on the following scenarios. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
a. In times of pandemic, deciding not to wear face mask when go to a public
place.
b. Playing online games instead of studying for examination.
c. Cheating on your quiz and being caught by your teacher.
d. Bullying your classmate that lead to his/her depression.

ACTIVITY 3
How will you demonstrate prudence in the following scenarios? Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
a. You do not have many friends in school, but one group- known for their
dangerous activities – is recruiting you to be part of their brotherhood.
b. A trusted colleague is inviting you to invest in her rice trading business.

While exercising freedom to choose is attainable by all people, it should always


be realized that decision- making is direct and complex task that requires
accountability and commitment. As evidenced by social media, people’s actions are
more reflected in public nowadays. Every time you log-in to your account, it will not
be a surprise to see posts about the wrongdoings of people. The people doing
unacceptable acts were judged and criticized by other people. Some have even
become so popular that they cannot go out in public because they can be easily
recognized and mobbed. It is clear that people experiencing these situations have not
made the right choices regarding their actions.

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What I Have Learned

1. The ability to exercise one’s freedom in any manner is


called freedom of choice.
2. The freedom to choose stops when there is a risk or harm
that may be inflicted on the self or other people.
3. Prudence is an act of making a good judgment that
allows a person to avoid risk.
4. All forms of actions are brought about by person’s
decision to accomplish them.

What I Can Do

In a separate sheet of paper, create a list of opportunities that you currently have.
Make an organized table that will allow you to plot your options and weigh each one’s
pros and cons in your life. Using your learning in this lesson, critically analyze each
opportunity you may have, and then decide which choice is best for you. Make sure
to exercise prudence in making your decision.

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Additional Activities

Create a pop up card and list all your ideas about “freedom” that serve as your
freedom wall.
Rubrics:
Concept and Content 50%

Creativity and Originality 50%

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the ability to exercise one’s freedom in any manner?


a. Freedom of choice c. Freedom of information
b. Freedom of expression d. Freedom of self

2. Which of the following is the act of making good judgment that allows a person
to avoid risk?
a. Attention c. Information
b. Freedom d. Prudence

3. Diane chose not to attend her Math class. She decided to watch a movie with her
friends instead. What effect may this choice bring to her?
a. Be punished by her parents
b. Develop a psychological order
c. Develop guilt from her decision
d. Unable to understand the next Math lesson

4. Yuan honed his piano skills thrice a week using an advance piano piece.
Meanwhile AJ only practiced once using the same piece. As expected, Yuan
performed better during the recital. What principle is shown in the scenario?
a. All actions have consequences.
b. Passion is greater than innate talent.
c. Practice improves performance.
d. Some people are innately talented.

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5. Which of the following is NOT a legal form of freedom?
a. Freedom of choice
b. Freedom of expression
c. Freedom of information
d. Freedom of self

IDENTIFICATION. Identify the terms being described in the following statements.


Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.
6. It is described as the absence or lack of knowledge.
7. This is an act that is done with knowledge and will in a right circumstance.
8. It is called the inclinations to perform particular actions acquired by repetitions.
9. This is one of the important elements of freedom which makes us accountable of
our actions.
10.It is the ability of a person to act out of his or her own free will and self-
determination.

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April 22, 2022

Quarter 4 - Module 5 – Week 1

Dear 2A&B Learners:

Greetings of Good Health and Self-discipline!

Welcome to the last quarter of IPHP. The highlighted in green are the
target objectives which will serve as your guide, you are expected to run
through all the pages and activities of this module for learning and
mastery.

As a requirement, accomplish and submit only the highlighted ones in


yellow:

Lesson 1: Human Person’s Freedom – on or before April 29, 2022 at


5:00 pm

Lesson 2: Demonstrate Freedom of Choices and Realizing the


Consequences of Choices – on or before May 20, 2022 at 5:00 pm

Links for Worksheets and Activities will be posted on the MS Teams

Frequent communication with the teacher is required via MS Teams


Virtual Classroom for updates and quizzes.

Enjoy learning!

Ms. Belle

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References
n.d. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000219091_eng.
n.d. https://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/f/family_responsibility.asp.
n.d. https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/malaysia-1mdb-najib-zunar-fahmi-reza-
intl/index.html.
Abella, R. D. 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.
n.d. www.dictionary.reverso.net. https://dictionary.reverso.net/english-
cobuild/physical+movement.
n.d. www.prezi.com.net. https://prezi.com/1bylomwnecre/the-human-acts-and-
acts-of-man/.
n.d. www.prezi.net. https://prezi.com/bcw322zficka/human-acts-acts-of-man/.

n.d. www.youtube.com.net. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ndvm3NABn4.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex


Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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