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Introduction to
the Philosophy
of the
Human Person
Module 4
Opinion,Wisdom and Truth

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Opinion , Wisdom and Truth First Edition, 2020

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respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Julius C. Libay, Ana Joy M. del Carmen

Editors:
Reviewers: Luzviminda R. Loreno – EPS-EsP /SHS Coordinator
Illustrator: Julius C. Libay
Layout Artist:
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V – Schools Division Superintendent
Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Juliet F. Lastimosa, CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo, EPS - LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales, EPS – ADM Coordinator
Luzviminda R. Loreno – EPS-EsP /SHS Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – General Santos City

Office Address: Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax: (083) 552-8909
E-mail Address: depedgensan@deped.gov.ph
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Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human
Person
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Opinion, Wisdom and Truth
SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person- Grade 12 Self-
Learning Module (SLM) on Opinion,Wisdom and Truth!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person- Grade 12 Self-
Learning Module (SLM) on Opinion, Wisdom and Truth !

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
 Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I need to know
Module 4 guides you to consider and revisit statements made as results of your
decision or judgment. Activities in this module convey an in-depth awareness on
statements and contents therein . It will help you to consider the importance of
looking into the concept embodied in your expressions or statements. Statement
can be an opinion or base on truth. It contains knowledge or wisdom. Moreover,
the phases of analyzing the statement lead to a crucial determination of its content
as knowledge or wisdom and its foundation as opinion or in truth .

This module covers two most essential learning competencies for you to
distinguish opinion from truth (MELC- 2.1) and realize that methods of
philosophy lead to wisdom and truth (MELC 2.2)

After going through this module, you will be able to:

a. identify opinion from truth, and
b. identify knowledge and wisdom

What I Know
Let us begin our task by answering this activity.

MULTIPLE CHOICES (15 Points)

Directions: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter of you
choice on the space provided before the number.

___________1. It is the clear awareness of understanding something.

a.knowledge c. claim
b. facts d. truth

___________2. These are statements which are observed to be real or truthful.

a. knowledge c. claim
b. facts d. Truth

___________3. These are statement which need to be examined to

determined whether they are true or false.
a.knowledge c. claim
b. facts d. proposition

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___________4. These are statements that provide views
on a certain matter.
a. beliefs c. conclusion
b. opinion d. explanation

___________5. It is a judgment based on a certain facts.

a. conclusion c. explanations
b. beliefs d. arguments

___________6. These are statements that expresses convictions that

are not easily explained by facts.
a. conclusion c. explanations
b. beliefs d. arguments

___________7. These are statements that assume a claim is true and

provide a reasons to support them.
a. conclusion c. explanations
b. beliefs d. arguments

___________8. This is a series of statements that provide reasons to

convince a person that a claim or opinion is truthful.
a. conclusion c. explanations
b. beliefs d. arguments

___________9. It is the applicable knowledge in making sound choices and

judgment.
a. notion b. belief c. idea d. wisdom

__________ 10. Tears running down the cheek of Angela as she reads the result
of her laboratory tests. This statement is ___.
a. explanation b. claim c. fact d. opinion

__________11. Kevin, a UN soldier does not know North Korea ‘s missile threat to
the world. This statement is ___.
a. opinion b. fact c.proposition d. explanation

_________ 12.Currently, we are experiencing global warming. This statement is __.

a. conclusion b. explanation c. fact d. opinion

_________ 13.Whenever a student whistles, it signifies he experience boredom.

This statement is ____.
a.opinion b. fact c.explanation d. conclusion

__________14.All Ilonggos are “malambing”. This statement is___.

a. conclusion b. explanation c. fact d. opinion

__________15. All cebuanos are brave. This statement is ___.

a.opinion b. fact c.explanation d. conclusion

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 What’s In
Statement is a manifestation of what is inside our mind. It reflects our way of
thinking and perspective in ascertaining things.

Activity 1. Label Me!

Directions: Read and understand the statements in every item. Write a smiley icon
if the statement is an opinion and heart if it is base on fact.

___________1. Currently, we are confronted with COVID-19 pandemic.

___________ 2. General Santos City is a Chartered City.

___________ 3. General Community Quarantine allows residents to enjoy
community entertainment activities.

___________ 4. COVID-19 pandemic coerced all parents/guardians to stop their

child’s Basic Education learning program for school year 2020-2021.

___________ 5. The new normal situation brings forth togetherness among the
members of the family.

Follow up Questions

1. What is your basis of considering the statement as opinion?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is your basis of considering the statement as fact?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

We allow others to be aware of what we think and feel through our statement.
Statement is an expression of thought, knowledge, emotion or feeling as human
person. It originates from a partial or holistic thinking. A statement base on partial
perspective can be considered as an opinion. However, when it is based on holistic
perspective, it is a fact and contains truth.

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 What’s New
It is undeniable that many news proliferates in our awareness through social
media, print or broadcast media. How do we know that the news is authentic and
base on truth? Let us try to do this task.

Activity 2. Think of Me!

Direction: Read and Observe the content of the illustration and answer the guide
questions.

https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/releases/1041825

Guide Questions

1. Why does an information consider as fake news?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is it an information base on opinion or truth? Support your answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 What Is It
Social media, print or broad cast media influence our utterances, point of views,
opinions and judgments. It also shapes public opinions and views.

Our market today is flourish with beauty products, particularly skin whitening and
toning creams are sold out because of vanity to stay beautiful, young and pleasing
to everyone. Entertainers and other product endorsers convince the market to
purchase their products. Most of the time, feedback of using the products contains
positive or negative comment.

The effect of remark varies. It can be an affirmation or negation. It is an affirmation

when it has good effects to the user. On the other hand, it is a negation if the effect
on the user is opposite to what has been promised by the product endorser. Hence,
you ought to know the baseline or indicator to be sure of the information as true.

Activity 3. How it begins!

Let us consider first the beginning of knowledge.

Direction: Read the conversation of the three eyes about an object.

blind eyes says: color-blind eye says: healthy eyes says:

It is black. The color of the object is cream. It is white.

Follow up questions
a. Which one of the statements contains truth of an object?
____________________________________________________________________

b. Why does it contain truth?

____________________________________________________________________

Generally, the statement given by the healthy eyes is correct because the sense of
sight is not defective. Statements are expressions of idea or thoughts about objects
or things, feelings and emotions about experiences and situations. A Statement
observed to be real or truthful is a fact. An example of fact is the statement given by
the healthy eye. On the other hand, there is a statement that could not be true
because it is not evident is called claim. Examples of claims are statements given by
the blind eye and color-blind eye. Their statements with their current condition are
considered as true because the sense of sight provides yet we all know that it is not
what the object appears to be. The three statements are considered as propositions.
Thus, proposition is either a fact or a claim.

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Proposition describes the world or reality. It can be true or not true. It can be an
assertion or negation of an object. Philosophy assists us in distinguishing statements
and in making proper assessment either as a fact, disputable one or the truth itself.
In evaluating proposition, philosophy tells us to use systematic doubt in knowing the
truth. Systematic doubt is the mental act of scrutinizing and analyzing statements,
claim, evidence and experience. The starting point of philosophizing is doing a
systematic doubt, establishing certainty and arriving at the Truth itself.

There are bases of establishing certainty or knowing the statement as true.

Firstly, a statement is true if it can be justified or proven through the use of one’s
senses. Examples are:
there green and yellow bananas (referring to the objects)
table can be rectangular, oblong or triangular (referring to the objects)
Secondly, a statement is true if it is based on facts. Examples are;
General Santos City is a chartered city. (base on public information)
Currently, we are experiencing a global COVID-19 pandemic
(base on public information).
Thirdly, a statement is true if there is consensus or having people agree on a common
belief. Examples are:
Muslim women must wear hijab.( base on culture, Islamic practice)
Filipina must be feminine, obedient and respectful.
(base on Philippine tradition)
And lastly, a statement is true base on action. Examples are;
Ruben can fry a sunny side up egg (he has to show it through cooking)
Kirt plays basketball (he must show it)

Proposition can be an opinion. Opinion provides conclusions or beliefs regarding

situations. It can be a basis for making arguments and convincing people that a
certain claim is true. Opinion can be a conclusion or belief. It is a conclusion because
it is based on facts with personal experience/s. However, an opinion is a belief when
it expresses conviction that are not easily and clearly explained through facts such
as “I believe in miracles”, “I believe there is multiverse”, “there are “middle earthlings”
and the like. To know the truth of one’s belief, we should be considered person’s
experiences and views.

Hence, propositions either facts, claims or opinions should be subjected to tests to

determine its truth.

Moreover, you can look into the structure of justification. It can be an explanation or
argument. Explanations are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide
reasons why the statement is true.
Example:
Mary’s sister is a fast learner because she can out rightly understand her lessons
and can answer in depth questions.(the underlined clause explains the claim of fast
learner)

Arguments are series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or
listener that a claim or opinion is true.
Example 1
All human persons are mortals.
Xyrus is a human person.
Therefore, he is mortal.

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Example 2
If it rains,the ground will be wet.
The ground is wet.
Thus, it rains.

The content of proposition can be knowledge or wisdom. Knowledge expresses clear

awareness and understanding of something. It includes ideas and beliefs. Wisdom
is an applicable knowledge in making sound choices and judgment in our daily life.
Rene Descartes defines wisdom as a perfect knowledge of all things that man can
know, both the conduct of his life by preserving his health and the invention of all
arts. To sum up, knowledge pertains to ideas and concepts while wisdom pertains to
practicable and proper knowledge. Philosophizing helps us to ascertain what is true
and grasps wisdom which belongs to the truth.

Truth is a quality or value. It is a kind of quality because it is being seek for its own
perfection.It is neither near to or a portion of an object. Truth is perfect in itself. It is
a kind of value because it is good in itself. All of us are attracted towards it. For this
reason, it sets the goal of philosophizing and doing philosophy is knowing the truth
and gaining wisdom.

What’s More
Let us figure out what bears in your mind from this module.

Activity 4.a. Guess Me!

Directions: Read and understand the item. Arranged and identify the answer using
the jumbled letters inside the parenthesis. Write your answer on the blank.

_____1. It pertains to expression of idea or thoughts about objects or things,

feelings and emotions about experiences and situations.(TEMSTANET)

_____ 2. It is a statement observed to be real or truthful. (CAFT)

______3. It is a statement that could not be true because it is not evident. (MCAIL)

______4. It describes the world or reality. (SIOPOTIPRON)

______ 5. It is a mental act of scrutinizing and analyzing statements, claim,

evidence and experience. (MASTYSETIC BODUT)

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Activity 4.b. Match Me!

Directions: Match the description in column A with terms in Column B. Write the
letter of you answer before the number.
Column A Column B
_____6. It is a quality or value in itself. a. explanation
_____7. It provides conclusions or beliefs regarding b. knowledge
situations. c. opinion
_____8. It expresses clear awareness and understanding of d. truth
something. It includes ideas and beliefs. e. wisdom
_____ 9. It is the applicable knowledge in making sound
choices and judgment in our daily life
_____ 10. It pertains to statement that assume the claim to
be true and provide reasons why the statement is
true.

What I Have Learned

Let’s figure out and ascertain your mindfulness of this module.

Activity 5. Fill Me

Directions: Provide the basic concepts of determining the truth. Write your answer
in the table.

Basis of knowing the truth Give one example Proof /evidence

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 What I Can Do
This activity will assist you to unfold the wisdom you have with in you.

Activity 6. Philosophical Insight

Directions: Write a philosophical reflection about your journey, how your strand
like slippers assist you in achieving your goal as a student and as a
human person.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment
Before ending your tasks in Module 4, take this test to review and gauge up your
comprehension on the topics discussed.

MULTIPLE CHOICES (15 points)

Directions: Choose the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your
choice on the space provided before the number.

______1. It is the mental act of scrutinizing and analyzing statements, claim,

evidence and experience.
a. assumption c. guess
b. Curiosity d. systematic doubt

_____ 2. All Tagalogs are thoughtful. This statement is ___.

a. opinion b. fact explanation d. conclusion

_____ 3. A statement is true if it can be justified through the use of one’s senses.
This statement is ___.
a. basis of establishing certainty c. structure of proposition
b. content of proposition d. truth

_____ 4. Every Bisaya intelligent. This statement is ___.

a. argument b. claim c. explanation d. fact

_____ 5. A statement is true if it is based on facts. This statement is ___.

a. truth c. content of proposition
b. structure of proposition d. basis of establishing certainty

_____ 6. Tears are running down the cheek of Lance as he reads the result of his
swab tests. Those are tears of happiness and excitement. This second
statement is ___.
a. an argument b. a belief c. a conclusion d. an explanation

_____ 7. These are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide
reasons why the statement is true.
a. arguments b. claims c. explanations d. facts

_____ 8. Whenever a student whistles, it means he is inspired and motivated. This

statement is ____.
a. opinion b. fact c. explanation d. conclusion

_____ 9. A statement is true if it is based on action. This statement is ___.

a. true b. false c. uncertain d. dubious

_____ 10. These are series of statements that provide reasons to convince the
reader or listener that a claim or opinion is true.
a. facts b. explanations c. claims d. arguments

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______ 11. A statement is true if there is consensus or having people agree on a
common belief. This statement is ____.
a. true b. false c. uncertain d. dubious

_______12. It is an assertion or negation of an object or thing.

a. expression b. proposition c.statement d.utterance

______ 13.Global lockdown allows the environment to recover its own balance. This
statement is __.
a.argument b. explanation c. claim d. fact

_______14.It is quality or value in itself.

a. claim b. fact c. truth d.wisdom

_______15. It is the applicable knowledge in making sound choices and

judgment.
a.wisdom b. notion c. idea d. belief

Additional Activities
Prepare a philosophical inspiration.

Activity 7. Draw me!

Directions: Choose an image or draw one object or thing that you associate
yourself. Think that you are a fairy of wisdom and truth, give and write a
message to yourself.

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 Answer Key

15.a 5. a 15. a
14.d 4. e 14. c
13.a 3. b 13. c
12.c 2. c 12. b
11.a 1. d 11. a
10.c Activity 4.b. 10. d
9. d 9. a
8. d 8. a
7. c doubt 7. c
6. b 5. Systematic 6. b
5. c 5. heart 4. proposition 5. d
4. b 4. smiley 3. claim 4. b
3. c 3. smiley 2. fact 3. a
2. b 2. heart 1. statement 2. a
1. a 1. heart Activity 4.a. 1. d

What I know What I know What’s More Assessment

Rubrics for Activity 6

3 points 2 points 1 point

Criteria Score
Remarkable Acceptable Fair
uses common
uses idea uses experience
Creativity sense
to solve concerns to solve concerns
to solve concerns
Concept/thought truthful factual personal view
Commonly
Depth of content philosophical literal
construed
there is decision
there is goal or
Moral lesson and mere statement
target to achieve
ways to make action

Grammar no error one error two more errors

Rubrics for Activity 7

3 points 2 points 1 point

Criteria
Remarkable Acceptable Fair

Creativity

Concept/message
Depth of content
Total points

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References

Abella, R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Teacher’s

Manual. C&E Publishing Inc.,Quezon City.p.7-9.
Abella, R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Textbook.
C&E Publishing Inc.,Quezon City.p.2-8, p.19-27.
SHS-Core-Introduction-to-the-Philosophy-of-the- Human-Person-
CG.pdf.https://www.deped.gov.ph.
Images.https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/

https://pia.gov.ph/press-releases/releases/1041825

Wisdom.https://www.the-philosophy.com/wisdom

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of General
Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the
new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used
by all learners in General Santos City in all public schools beginning SY 2020-
2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of this
module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of General Santos City

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax No.: (083) 552-8909

Email Address: depedgensan@deped.gov.ph

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