11

Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Distinguishing Holistic from a
Partial Point of View

i
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person - GRADE 11 / 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1: Module 1: Distinguishing Holistic from a Partial Point of View
First Edition, 2020

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represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Undersecretary: Loida P. Olavario, Ph. D
Felix M. Pamaran

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Leo Andrew B. Diego
Content Editor: Leo Andrew B. Diego
Language Editor: Kristine Hemor
Reviewers: Pedro J. Dandal
Management Team: Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Loida P. Olavario, Ph. D
Felix M. Famaran
Aurelia B. Marquez
Rodgie S. Demalinao
Pedro J. Dandal
Benjamin J. Lamitar, Jr.
Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region – Schools Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedpalawan.com
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
www.depedpalawan.com

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person module

– Distinguish Holistic from the Partial Point of View.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resources hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
Distinguish Holistic from the Partial Point of View.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
iv
What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims

to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion

of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which

will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate

your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.

v
 Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the identification of inquiry and stating the research problem. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This lesson contains an understanding the meaning and process of doing
philosophy.
Learning Competencies:
1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view (PPT11/12-Ia-
1.1)
2. Recognize human activities that emanated from deliberate reflection
(PPT11/12-Ib-1.2)
After this lesson you are expected to:
1. To reflects on a concrete experience in a philosophical way.

What I Know

Pre-Test
Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Etymologically, the word “philosophy” comes from the two Greek words,
philo, meaning “to love,” and sophia, meaning “_____________.”
a. knowledge
b. idea
c. wisdom
d. virtue

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2. A philosopher does not limit himself to a particular object of inquiry refers
to:
a. Philosophy as critical examination of judgment based on reason
b. Philosophy as partial or one dimensional
c. Philosophy as holistic or multidimensional
d. None of the above

3. Suspending one’s judgment and conclusion about a matter and mentally the
pros and cons, the characteristics, and the purpose of an idea or situation
points to
a. emptying c. investigating
b. reasoning d. remembering

4. It is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and

evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions. What is this?
a. ethics c. epistemology
b. metaphysics d. logic

5. Which branch of philosophy that deals with critical thinking?

a. aesthetics c. cosmology
b. logic d. ethics

6. This principle states that whatever is, is; and whatever is not is not. This
means that everything is exists and everything is what it is. What is it?
a. Principle of Identity c. Principle of Excluded Middle
b. Principle of Non-Contradiction d. Principle of Sufficient Reason

7. This principle states that it is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at

the same time and at the same respect. For instance, it is impossible to look
at the colors green and yellow at the same time and at the same respect.
What is it?
a. Principle of Identity c. Principle of Excluded Middle
b. Principle of Non-Contradiction d. Principle of Sufficient Reason

8. This principle states that a thing is either is or is not; everything must be

either be or not be; between being and not being, there is no middle ground
possible. What is it?
a. Principle of Identity c. Principle of Excluded Middle
b. Principle of Non-Contradiction d. Principle of Sufficient Reason

9. This principle states that nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its
being and existence. What is it?
a. Principle of Identity c. Principle of Excluded Middle
b. Principle of Non-Contradiction d. Principle of Sufficient Reason

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10. The reason is that philosophy is not _____________________. Rather,
philosophy is multidimensional or holistic. In short, a philosopher does not
limit himself to a particular object of inquiry. He questions almost anything,
if not, everything.
a. Holistic c. Study of all things
b. One-dimensional or partial d. None of these

11. This is a branch of philosophy which studies reality. It is the only extension
of the fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what
is real. What is it?
a. Metaphysics c. Logic
b. Ethics d. Cosmology

12. This refers to the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations
including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly.
What branch of philosophy is this?
a. Metaphysics c. Aesthetics
b. Epistemology d. Cosmology

13. This branch of philosophy deals with the nature, sources, limitations, and
validity of knowledge (Soccio, 2007). What branch of philosophy is this?
a. Epistemology c. Aesthetics
b. Rational Psychology d. Cosmology

14. Etymologically, what does philo mean?

a. Hope c. Love
b. Faith d. Kindness

15. What do you call a person who studies morality from the perspective of
philosophy which appeals to logical arguments to justify claims and
positions involving morality?
a. Cosmologist c. Ethicist
b. Metaphysicist d. Epistemologist

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Module Distinguish a Holistic Perspective
1 from a Partial Point of View
In this contemporary world where everything changes at its break-neck speed,
appalling problems in their various degrees emerge. In this case, research is a must,
that is, solutions must be provided in order to address the problems at hand. In
philosophy, your mind has a tendency to think about many different things ranging
from low order thinking skills such as asking what, who, where and when) to higher
order thinking skills such as asking how and why. These modes of thinking trigger
you to choose your research topic. Thus, you will learn how to specify or narrow
questions you want your study to find definite and measurable answers.

What’s In

Activity 2: I Belong to You!

Directions: On your separate sheet of paper, state the meaning of the underlined
word in every group of words. Let other words in the cluster represent
as hints to the meaning of the word.
1. holistic, complete, whole, entire
2. partial, half done, limited, restricted
3. reflection, discernment, contemplation, meditation
4. reason, cause, grounds, basis
5. perspective, point of view, standpoint, outlook
6. thinking, rationality, shrewdness, insight
7. avenue, possibility, cradles, cots
8. scenario, set-up, circumstance, status qou
9. evidence, substantiation, verification, authentication
10. coherent, intelligible, comprehensible, lucid

Activity 3: Poem Maker in Me!

Directions: On the spaces provided, make a poem comprising two (2) stanza
which combines two to three newly learned words. Pick one (1)
from the following topics and make your own title.
a. Online learning
b. Modular Approach
c. Division of Palawan into Three Provinces
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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

What’s New
Let’s Do This!
Activity 4: The Judgmental in Me!

Directions: On your answer sheet, put a check (√) if the statement deals with
holistic point of view and put (×) if the statement refers to partial
point of view.

___________1. The teacher scolded her student for being late to class.
___________2. The judge made a decision of guilty beyond reasonable doubt
based on the evidences presented in court.
___________3. Brando’s motorcycle was impounded by the enforcer without
informing him of his violations.
___________4. Amador and his wife planned their activities on their new open
restaurant.
___________5. Liezel found a wallet and return it to the owner.
___________6. Catherine’s relatives told her that she should not marry her
boyfriend and she did.
___________7. Anthony did buy the laptop even if it is the cellular phone which
he needed the most.
___________8. Due to his anger, he shouted at the customer.
___________9. Alma focused on her studies to get a degree than to commit to
her boyfriend’s marriage proposal.
___________10. Alex made use of his time to plant vegetables than to play
mobile legends all day.

Activity 5: Memorializing Words!

Directions: What can you say about the quotation below? Do you agree or
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 disagree with this? Justify your answer on the spaces provided by
citing scenario or situation in your family or school as a person.

“Educating the Mind without educating the heart is

no education at all”
--Aristotle
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
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 What Is It

What Philosophy Is

Every word has its etymological meaning. The word philosophy comes from
two Greek words, that is, philo (to love) and sophia (wisdom). Hence, philosophy, in
its strictest sense is a love of wisdom. Wisdom is the goal of philosophizing in
general. Philosophy can be defined as a critical examination of belief based on the
light of human reason. Moreover, philosophy is also defined as the tendency of the
mind whereby using the light of natural reason contemplates the first causes or the
highest principles of all things in this world. As cited in Ramos (2019), there are four
considerations on the nature of philosophy.
1. First Causes or the Highest Principle. Literally speaking, we live in a world
that is characterized by cause and effect relationships. Everything in this
world has starting phase that is why there is an existence of first causes.
a. Principle of Identity. This principles states that whatever is, is;
and whatever is not is not. This means that everything is exists
and everything is what it is. Everything in this world has its own
way of being, and not being is not being. For everything that
exists, there has to be a name, a concept, and characteristics.
Say for instance, a horse is, that is, a horse exists.
b. Principle of Non-Contradiction. This principle states that it is
impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time and
at the same respect. For instance, it is impossible to look at the
colors green and yellow at the same time and at the same
respect. The same respect here means the same dimension or
angle with precision and clarity. This means that you are just
looking at green at that time and at that dimension. It is then
impossible that you are looking at the different colors
simultaneously.
c. Principle of Excluded Middle. This principle states that a thing
is either is or is not; everything must be either be or not be;
between being and not being, there is no middle ground
possible

d. Principle of Sufficient Reason. This principle states that

nothing exists without a sufficient reason for its being and
existence.
7
 Since its beginnings, however, the focus and scope of philosophy have
change. Early Greek philosophers studied aspects of the natural world and human
civilizations that later became separate sciences astronomy, physics, psychology,
and sociology. On the other hand, certain basic problem the nature of the universe,
the standard of justice, the validity of knowledge, the correct application of reason,
and the criteria of beauty and truth have been the domains of philosophy from its
beginnings to the present. Universal and fundamental problems are the subject
matter of the five branches of philosophy metaphysics, ethics, epistemology, logic,
and aesthetics. These branches will be discussed in next topic. There are also
special branches of philosophy like philosophy of science, philosophy of state,
philosophy of politics, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of education,
philosophy of law, philosophy of language, and others (Ramos, 2019).
The Branches of Philosophy
A. Ethics

How do we differentiate good from evil or right from wrong? What is the art of
living morally? These basic questions were asked by the ancient Greek philosophers
such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and
evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions. Ethicists are the ones who study
morality from the perspective of philosophy which appeal to logical arguments to
justify claims and positions involving morality. They use ethical theory in the analysis
and deliberation of issues.
B. Metaphysics

In our daily desires to appreciate the world in terms of appearance and reality, we
make effort to understand things comprehensible and sensible in the ordinary way of
understanding the world by simplifying or reducing the mass of things we call
appearance to a relatively fewer number of things we call reality.
Metaphysics is an extension of the fundamental and necessary drive in every
human being to know what is real. What is reality, why does reality exist, and how
does it exists are just some of the questions pursued by metaphysics.

C. Aesthetics
Aesthetics is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations –
including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly. To experience
aesthetics, therefore, means whatever experience has relevance to art,
whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of appreciation.
8
 Importance of Aesthetics (Ramos, 2019)

1. It brings us in touch with our culture. Things about us change so

rapidly nowadays that we forget how much we owe to the past.
2. It helps us live more deeply and richly. A work of art - whether a book,
a piece of music, painting, or a television show - helps us rise from purely
physical existence into the realm of intellect and the spirit.
3. It vitalizes our knowledge. It makes our knowledge of the world alive and
useful. We go through our days picking up a principle as fact, here and
there, and too infrequently see how they are related.

D. Logic
The term “logic” comes from the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno
the Stoic (c. 340-265 BC). Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters
pertaining to the human thought. Furthermore, logic is the study of correct
reasoning. Reasoning is the concern of the logician. This could be reasoning
in science and medicine, in ethics and law, in politics and commerce, in sports
and games, and in the mundane affairs of everyday living.

E. Epistemology
Epistemology deals with the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of
knowledge (Soccio, 2007). Epistemological questions are basic to all other
philosophical inquiries. Epistemology explains: (1) How do we know what we
know; (2) How can we find out what we wish to know; and, (3) How can we
differentiate truth from falsehood. Human knowledge may be regarded as
having two parts, that is, empiricism and rationalism. Empiricism is the view
that knowledge can be attained only through sense experience. On the
contrary, rationalist view emphasize that real knowledge comes from logic,
laws, and methods that reason develops. The best examples of real
knowledge is mathematics, a realm of knowledge that is obtained entirely by
reason that we use to understand the universe (Soccio, 2007).

9
What’s More
Activity 2: Tell Me!

Directions: Read and analyse the story below.

Changing Attitude
A young man went to an abbot from the Sceta monastery, wanting to
follow a spiritual path.
For one whole year, give a coin to anyone who provokes you, said the abbot.
For twelve months the young man gave a coin away whenever someone
provoked him. At the end of a year, he returned to the abbot, to find out his next task.
Go into town and fetch me food.
As soon as the young man left, the abbot disguised himself as a beggar and -
taking a shortcut he knew - went to the gates of the town. When the young man
approached, he began to insult him.
How marvelous! - said the young man to the so-called beggar.
- For a whole year I had to pay everyone who provoked me, and now I can be
provoked for free, without having to spend a thing!
Upon hearing this, the abbot removed his disguise.
- Whoever is capable of not minding what others say, is a man on the path to
wisdom. You no longer take insults seriously; therefore you are ready for the next
step.
Source: Coelho, Paulo, (2015). Warrior of the Light/retrieved last June 18, 2020.
Reprinted by Permission.

Activity 3: Learners’ Digest!

Directions: Read the questions carefully and put your answer in your answer sheet.
1. What’s new that you learn?
______________________________________________________________

2. What did you realize?

______________________________________________________________

3. How can you apply the lesson in your life as a learner?

______________________________________________________________

10
 What I Have Learned

➢ The word philosophy comes from two Greek words, that is, philo (to love)
and sophia (wisdom).

➢ Philosophy can be defined as a critical examination of belief based on the

light of human reason.

➢ Philosophy is also defined as the tendency of the mind whereby using the
light of natural reason contemplates the first causes or the highest
principles of all things in this world. As cited in Ramos (2019), there are
four considerations on the nature of philosophy.

➢ Principle of Identity. This principles states that whatever is, is; and whatever is
not is not.

➢ Principle of Non-Contradiction. This principle states that it is impossible for a

thing to be and not to be at the same time and at the same respect.

➢ Principle of Excluded Middle. This principle states that a thing is either is or is

not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not being,
there is no middle ground possible

➢ Principle of Sufficient Reason. This principle states that nothing exists without
a sufficient reason for its being and existence.

➢ Ethics is the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and
evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions.

➢ Ethicists are the ones who study morality from the perspective of philosophy
which appeal to logical arguments to justify claims and positions involving
morality.

➢ Aesthetics is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations –

including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly. To experience
aesthetics, therefore, means whatever experience has relevance to art,
whether the experience be that of the creative artist or of appreciation.

➢ The term “logic” comes from the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno
the Stoic (c. 340-265 BC). Etymologically, it means a treatise on matters
pertaining to the human thought. Furthermore, logic is the study of correct
reasoning.
11
 ➢ Epistemology deals with the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of
knowledge (Soccio, 2007).

What I Can Do

Creativity Showcase!

Activity 6. Watch and Learn! (Individual work)

Directions: As you read the lesson about holistic and partial point of view and
learning from it, do the following. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1. On your answer sheet, make at least top three (3) social problems
from your surroundings (family, experiences, school or community) that
destroy relationships.

Top 1:______________________
Top 2:______________________
Top 3:______________________

2. Among the problems you identified, pick only one which bothers you the
most? Justify your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. Among the problems you identified, pick only one which excites you the most?
Justify your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

12
 Assessment

How are you? I hope you enjoyed the lesson 1. Okay let’s see how much you
have learned.
Write your answer on your test notebook.

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write T if the bold and italicized word is
correct and write F if the bold and italicized word is false.

1. Etymologically, the word “philosophy” comes from the two Greek words, philo,
meaning “wisdom,” and sophia, meaning “to love.”

2. A philosopher does not limit himself to a particular object of inquiry refers to

philosophy as holistic or multidimensional.

3. Suspending one’s judgment and conclusion about a matter and mentally the
pros and cons, the characteristics, and the purpose of an idea or situation
points to emptying .

4. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral

virtue and evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions.

5. Logic is a branch of philosophy that deals with critical thinking.

6. A Principle of Non-Contradiction is a principle which states that whatever

is, is; and whatever is not is not. This means that everything is exists and
everything is what it is.

7. A Principle of Non-Contradiction is a principle which states that it is

impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time and at the same
respect. For instance, it is impossible to look at the colors green and yellow at
the same time and at the same respect.

13
8. A Principle of Identity is a principle which states that a thing is either is or is
not; everything must be either be or not be; between being and not being,
there is no middle ground possible.

9. A Principle of Sufficient Reason is a principle which states that nothing

exists without a sufficient reason for its being and existence.

10. The reason is that philosophy is not holistic. Rather, philosophy is

multidimensional. In short, a philosopher does not limit himself to a particular
object of inquiry. He questions almost anything, if not, everything.

11. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy which studies reality. It is the only

extension of the fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to
know what is real.

12. Epistemology refers to the science of the beautiful in its various

manifestations including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic and ugly.

13. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy deals with the nature, sources,

limitations, and validity of knowledge (Soccio, 2007).

14. Etymologically, philo means “hope”.

15. Ethicist is a person who studies morality from the perspective of philosophy
which appeals to logical arguments to justify claims and positions involving
morality.

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax for a while then wait for the next
module. Good luck!

14
 15
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. C Answer may 1. True
2. C vary 2. False
3. A 3. True
4. A 4. False
5. B 5. True
6. A 6. False
7. B 7. True
8. C 8. False
9. D 9. True
10.B 10.False
11.A 11.True
12.C 12.False
13.A 13.True
14.C 14.False
15.C 15.True
Answer Key
References
Elgin, D. (2009). The Living Universe. California: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.

Kurcinka, M. S. (2006). Raising Your Spirited Child. New York: Harper Collins.

Landsburg, S. (2009). The Big Questions. New York: Free Press.

Russell, B. (2004). History of Western Philosophy. London: Psychology Press.

Soccio, D. (2007). Archetypes of Wisdom. California: Thomson Wadsworth.

https://thoughtcatalog.com/retrieved last June 8, 2020. Reprinted by Permission.

16
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Palawan

Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor Deped Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-3292

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound
Telephone np. (048) 434-0099 17
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