NAME

Andrea Trinidad
DATE

28•09•2022
SUBJECT
English for Academic and
Professional Purposes
TOPIC
Distinguishing Academic English from General English
OBJECTIVE
 Define Academic Language
 distinguish Academic English and General English
 Know the diff. characteristics between Academic Text and Non-Academic Texts, and;
 Classify words associated w/ a specific category
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
NONE
MAIN IDEAS NOTES
 Also called I’nternl Language.
LINGUA FRANCA
 Have two types: GENERAL and ACADEMIC.
 Also called basic English, is the English Language that the common
GENERAL ENGLISH people use in our daily lives. It is informal and easier to understand
because it has no rules in its constructions and usage.
 Language used in academic settings and for academic purposes to help
ACADEMIC ENGLISH students acquire and use knowledge. They are likely to be encoun-
tered in textbooks and tests, but not in everyday, spoken English.

i) Narrative Text (Narration) – a written text that tells a story and usu-
ally follows a familiar structure. It can be in the form of reporting of
factual events, or the retelling of a tale from oral tradition. It is of-
ten written in informal, General English. It is an example of NON-
TWO TYPES OF ACADE-
ACADEMIC TEXT
MIC TEXTS
ii) Expository Text (Explanation) - provides an explanation of facts and
concepts. Its main purpose is to inform, persuade, or explain. It is
usually written in Academic English, and is also an example of ACADE-
MIC TEXT.

 Are objective specialized text. It is thesis driven, evidence-based,

ACADEMIC TEXTS
citations.
 Are the emotional or personal opinions of the author. It can be case
NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS
studies, research studies/articles, and textbooks.

CHARACTERICTICS ACADEMIC TEXTS NON-ACADEMIC TEXT

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AUDIENCE Academia* Mass Public
ACADEMIC AND NON- PURPOSE Inform and Persuade Inform, Persuade, and
ACADEMIC TEXTS w/ evidence Entertain
STYLE Formal/Objective Personal/Subjective

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 STRUCTURE Standard Introduc- Has no rigid structure
tion, Body, Conclusion
STRUCTURE Shared historical e- Personal life or other e-
vents/Literature/ vents.
Other forms of
knowledge

INFORMAL LANGUAGE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE

Uses hedges non-hedges
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Use of personal pronouns 3rd POV
INFORMAL AND
Uses slang Sophisticated vocabulary
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
Simple Connectors [FANBOYS] Transition Words [consequently,
what’s more, resultantly]

a) Phonological Features
a.a] Sound-Symbol Relationship: There is a symbol for every sound and
no more than one symbol for any given sound.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
a.b] Stress And Intonation: One of the most important features of
KNOWLEDGE NEEDED
the English language is stress, which in another word is accent. Stress
TO FOSTER ACADEMIC
in-dicates the difference of usage. Intonation is the rise and fall in
LANGUAGE
the pitch of the voice when speaking. It gives a sentence several
different meanings depending on the emphasis placed by the speaker.
a.c] Patterns From Words Borrowed.
b) Lexical Features
b.a] Morphology and Semantics: describe, explain, analyze
b.b] Root Words, Roots, and Affixes: investigate, hypothesize
b.c] Parts of Speech of Academic Words
b.d] Grammar Usage

BUILDING  Expanding vocabulary by learning word categories is very important

VOCABULARY THROUGH to understand words that are related in order to use varied vocabula-
WORD CATEGORY ry about a particular field.

 Is the grouping of words related to the content-area, theme, unit, or

WORD CATEGORY
selection.
 Refers to the language proficiency required to learn effectively in
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE schools and academic programs. It’s the language that students are
expected to learn and achieve fluency in.
GRAMMATICAL  Refers to the knowledge of grammar, lexis, morphology, syntax, se-
COMPETENCE mantics and morphology.
 Encompasses all the information that is known about words and the
relationships among them. It also refers to linguistic knowledge. From
LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE
the term ‘lexical’, derived from the Greek word lexis, meaning "word"
or "speech."
SYNTACTIC
 The fully formal study of sentence structures.
STRUCTURE
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SUMMARY
ENGLISH LINGUA FRANCA is considered the international language and it has TWO types: GENERAL
ENGLISH and ACADEMIC ENGLISH.
GENERAL ENGLISH is common English, the everyday spoken language. It is informal, casual. Called
”loose” language because it has no applied rules.
ACADEMIC ENGLISH are standard base language. It is the language used in academic settings and for
academic purposes, can be seen in textbooks and tests but not in everyday living.
There are TWO TYPES of texts: NARRATIVE TEXTS, and EXPOSITORY TEXTS.
NARRATIVE TEXTS tells a story, and is an example of NON-ACADEMIC TEXT.
EXPOSITORY TEXTS provides facts and concepts and is under the ACADEMIC TEXT.
ACADEMIC TEXTS are the objective specialized texts. It is thesis driven, evidence-based, and citations
NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS are emotional or personal opinion of the author. These are case studies,
research studies/articles, and textbooks.
The characteristic of ACADEMIC TEXT is different from NON-ACADEMIC TEXT. Its target audience are
ACADEMIA, w/c are people that has the skill to understand complex writing. Its purpose is to INFORM
AND PERSUADE WITH EVIDENCE. It is FORMAL AND SUBJECTIVE. It has STANDARD STRUCTURE and contains
SHARED HISTORICAL EVENTS, LITERATURE, and OTHER FORMS OF KNOWLEDGE.
NON-ACADEMIC TEXTS are for the MASS PUBLIC. It has the purpose to INFORM, PERSUADE, AND ENTER-
TAIN. It has PERSONAL AND SUBJECTIVE style of writing and HAS NO RIGID STRUCTURE. It contains the
PERSONAL LIFE OR OTHER EVENTS OF THE AUTHOR.
INFORMAL LANGUAGE, aka SOCIAL LANGUAGE, uses HEDGES (words of certainty/uncertainty),
PERSONAL PRONOUNS, SLANGS, and SIMPLE CONNECTORS.
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE, on the other hand, uses NON-HEDGES, 3RD POV PRONOUNS, has SOPHISTICATED
VOCABULARY, and TRANSITION WORDS.
To foster academic language, there is TWO of the NEEDED KNOWLEDGE: PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES and
LEXICAL FEATURES.
PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES includes: SOUND-SYMBOL RELATIONSHIP, STRESS AND INTONATION, and
PATTERN FROM WORDS BORROWED.
LEXICAL FEATURES includes: MORPHOLOGY and SEMANTICS, ROOTWORDS and AFFIXES, PART OF SPEECH,
and GRAMMAR USAGE.
WORD CATEGORY is the grouping of words related to the content-area, theme, unit, or selection.
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE refers to the language proficiency required to learn effectively in schools and
academic programs it’s the language that students are expected to learn and achieve fluency in.
GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE refers to the knowledge of grammar, lexis, morphology, syntax, seman-
tics and morphology
LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE It refers to as linguistic knowledge. From the Greek ‘lexis’, meaning "word" or
"speech."
SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE is the fully formal study of sentence structures.

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