Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Don Severino delas Alas Campus
Indang, Cavite

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering

ABEN 70a BASIC FARM MACHINERIES, MECHANIZATION AND WATER

MANAGEMENT

Name: Rodillas, John Karlo M. Student Number:

20201665
Course, Year and Section: 3-2 APT Date: 10/12/2022

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Observation of Weather Parameters

1. Introduction
We call atmospheric conditions "weather." It varies based on a region's 30-year
climate range. The weather is affected by latitude, altitude, and regional and local
topography. It affects how people dress and how buildings are built. Air temperature,
atmospheric pressure, humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind make up weather.
These factors can be measured and tracked to provide a comprehensive picture of typical
weather patterns and evaluate the state of the atmosphere in a given area. The weather
affects the ecosystem's overall quality. Weather components don't only affect the
atmosphere; they generate a continuous cycle. Temperature, pressure, and humidity may
cause clouds. These clouds may limit solar energy for plants or increase precipitation that
drains into water. Consistently high temperatures may heat air and water. Lack of
precipitation effects soil moisture and water levels due to evaporation. Wind speed and
direction might suggest an approaching front or cause waves and mix stratified water.
Weather monitoring can develop a database of normal conditions. When weather variables
depart from the usual, the data may be used to explain or predict weather. Monitoring
weather conditions is vital for environmental, occupational, marine, and recreational safety.

2. Objectives
After this laboratory exercise, the student will be able to:
a. record weather data to be used for analysis,
b. explain temporal and spatial weather data; and
c. explain the difference between weather and climate.

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

 3. Methodology
3.1. Materials
• Paper
▪ Carton
▪ Scissor
▪ Drinking straw
▪ Marker
▪ Candle
▪ Pencil
▪ Needle
▪ Color pen
▪ Ruler
▪ Mirror
▪ Notebook
▪ Mobile phone

3.2. Methods
1. Keep a record of the following weather parameters for 15 days. Do measurements
at 8 am and 2 pm.

a. Temperature – Using a room thermometer/ hygrometer or in absence of said

instrument, a weather app/ website that shows your local temperature may be
used (Accuweather, The Weather Channel, Weather app, etc).
b. Relative humidity - weather app/ website
c. Wind speed – weather app/ website
d. Wind direction – Using a DIY wind vane (https://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-
Wind-Vane)
e. Cloud cover – Using a DIY Oktas chart
(https://www.sserc.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2012/04/Resource-2_2-
Measuring-Cloud-Cover.pdf). Alternatively, you can take a picture of the sky
and have insert a grid with 8 equal cells. Note that always measure the same
part of the sky every reading.
2. Use the table attached for the data collected. Record notable weather phenomena
in Remarks such as cyclones, fog, rainfall, etc.
3. Compute for the daily average and the 15-day average for the temperature, relative
humidity, and wind speed.

𝑊8𝑎𝑚 + 𝑊2𝑝𝑚
𝐷𝐴 =
2

𝐷𝐴1 + ⋯ + 𝐷𝐴15
15 − 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒

DA = daily average
W = reading for 8 am and 2 pm

4. Create a line graph of the data for temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
Take note of the pattern/ trend created by the graph.
- You can also create a horizontal line marking the 15-day average value of the
weather parameter.

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

 5. Research related information that explains your observations and answer the guide
questions.
6. Compare your data with your other classmates near and away from your location.
7. Compare your data with the climate data of your location.

4. Records and Results

Table 1. Record of the Daily Weather Data

Temperat Relative Cloud

Da Wind Speed Wind
Time ure Humidity Cover
y Direction
°C % km/hr Oktas
8:00
27°C 80% 2 km/ hr NE 6
AM
2:00
1 28°C 79% 2 km/ hr SSW 5
PM
Averag
27.5°C 79.5% 2 km/ hr
e
8:00
30°C 78% 2 km/ hr WNW 2
AM
2:00
2 28°C 80% 2 km/ hr W 6
PM
Averag
29°C 79% 2 km/ hr
e
8:00
30°C 70% 2 km/ hr ESE 8
AM
2:00
3 32°C 79% 2 km/ hr WSW 8
PM
Averag
31°C 74.5% 2 km/ hr
e
8:00
28°C 86% 2 km/ hr N 8
PM
2:00
4 28°C 90% 3 km/ hr W 8
AM
Averag
28°C 88% 2.5 km/ hr
e
8:00
31°C 68% 2 km/ hr S 8
PM
2:00
5 29°C 80% 3 km/ hr W 8
AM
Averag
30°C 74% 2.5 km/ hr
e
8:00
32°C 68% 3 km/ hr S 6
PM
2:00
6 32°C 57% 2 km/ hr S 5
AM
Averag
32°C 62.5% 2.5 km/ hr
e
8:00
7 30°C 81% 2 km/ hr S 8
PM

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

 2:00
32°C 64% 4 km/ hr W 8
AM
Averag
31°C 72.5% 3 km/ hr
e
8:00
30°C 77% 4 km/ hr SSE 6
PM
2:00
8 26°C 89% 2 km/ hr ESE 8
AM
Averag
28°C 83% 3 km/ hr
e
8:00
30°C 82% 1 km/ hr NE 7
PM
2:00
9 30°C 72% 2 km/ hr W 8
AM
Averag
30°C 77% 1.5 km/ hr
e
8:00
31°C 74% 2 km/ hr ESE 8
PM
2:00
10 32°C 58% 0 km/ hr N 8
AM
Averag
31.5°C 66% 1 km/ hr
e
8:00
30°C 80% 2 km/ hr NE 8
PM
2:00
11 32°C 59% 2 km/ hr E 6
AM
Averag
31°C 69.5% 2 km/ hr
e
8:00
26°C 93% 2 km/ hr SSE 8
PM
2:00
12 30°C 70% 2 km/ hr NW 4
AM
Averag
28°C 81.5% 2 km/ hr
e
8:00
30°C 79% 3 km/ hr ESE 6
PM
2:00
13 31°C 65% 2 km/ hr SW 8
AM
Averag
30.5°C 72% 2.5 km/ hr
e
8:00
32°C 72% 2 km/ hr S 6
PM
2:00
14 32°C 62% 2 km/ hr W 8
AM
Averag
32°C 67% 2 km/ hr
e
8:00
32°C 68% 2 km/ hr ESE 0
PM
2:00
15 33°C 54% 2 km/ hr NNE 8
AM
Averag
32.5°C 61% 2 km/ hr
e

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Table 2. Record of the 15-day Weather Data

Relative
Temperature Wind Speed
Day Humidity Remarks
°C % km/hr
1 27.5°C 79.5% 2 km/hr Partly Sunny
2 29°C 79% 2 km/hr Partly Cloudy
3 31°C 74.5% 2 km/hr Sprinkles.
4 28°C 88% 2.5 km/hr Sprinkles.
5 30°C 74% 2.5 km/hr Thundershowers.
6 32°C 62.5% 2.5 km/hr Partly Sunny
7 31°C 72.5% 3 km/hr Scattered Clouds.
8 28°C 83% 3 km/hr Thundershowers.
Overcast.
9 30°C 77% 1.5 km/hr Sprinkles.
10 31.5°C 66% 1 km/hr Partly sunny.
11 31°C 69.5% 2 km/hr Partly sunny.
12 28°C 81.5% 2 km/hr Low clouds.
13 30.5°C 72% 2.5 km/hr Overcast.
14 32°C 67% 2 km/hr Overcast
15 32.5°C 61% 2 km/hr Sprinkles.
Average 30.13°C 73.8% 2.17 km/hr

Figure 1. Graph of Daily Temperature

TEMPERATURE
32.5
32 32
31.5
31 31 31
30.5
30 30

29

28 28 28
27.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Figure 2. Graph of Daily Relative Humidity

HUMIDITY

88
83 81.5
79.5 79 77
74.5 74 72.5 72
69.5 67
66
62.5 61

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Figure 3. Graph of Daily Wind Speed

KM/HR

3 3

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

5. Guide Questions
1. What is the importance of keeping track/ records of weather data in general?
Weather affects our surroundings. It can transform our lives.
Keeping records helps us predict weather. It may also provide meteorological
information and warn of storms and heavy rain. Weather data is one of the most
important sources of data. Without it, forecasting methods that rely on previous
weather occurrences to properly predict the future couldn't be used. Since
ancient times, all cultures have valued and practiced the skill of weather
prediction. Everyone from farmers concerned about their harvests to merchants
planning ocean journeys was interested in forecasts of the next week's weather.
In the absence of reliable meteorological instruments, people relied on natural
indicators. They put their confidence in ancient mythical adages and religious
beliefs.
2. What are the practical applications of recording weather data in agriculture?
In agriculture, weather is a factor. Farmers may use weather records to learn
particular temperatures and humidity levels. Recording weather helps them to
decide how to manage or treat crops. Weather affects farm production the
biggest. It can affect crop growth, yield, pests, water and fertilizer needs, and

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

 other growing-season farm activities. Open-air farming is highly dependent on
the weather and its gloomy circumstances, especially now when climate
change causes unpredictable weather beyond human control. Weather can't
be fought. However, we can use the present scenario to minimize crop losses.
Accurate weather information is needed to organize farm activities without
problems. Real-time meteorological factors including air and dew temperature,
precipitation, and humidity safeguard crops and ensure a healthy yield.
Drought, flood, hail, or frost can induce quick plant stress, resulting to poor
output and higher costs.
3. How does temperature change throughout the day?
Daily surface air temperatures are governed by incoming and outgoing energy.
During the day, air temperature rises as energy gains surpass surface energy
loss. During the night, the air temperature drops as Earth's surface loses
energy. As the sun moves through the sky, its angle to the surface varies,
causing a change in temperature. Direct sun (noon) is hotter than indirect sun
(morning).
4. Explain the reason for the difference in average temperatures between
different places? Different times?
The temperature of a certain area can be affected by the quantity of heat or
sunshine that is able to reach that region. When sunlight falls unobstructed on
a region, that region will experience higher than average temperatures.
5. Explain the advantage of recording data multiple times a day versus only
one reading.

The practice of recording data on a daily basis will provide you with an
increased number of advantages, allowing you to estimate using various data
references, which will provide the maximum possible accuracy.
6. Conclusion
The weather plays a significant part in our everyday lives, and if it weren't for
meteorologists and weather forecasters, we would have a much harder time organizing our
daily schedules. As we can see, the topic of the weather is not as straightforward as we may
have been under the impression that it was. The study of weather events needs the use of
science, mathematics, a variety of equipment and technologies, as well as several forms of
data. The fact that the weather is in a state of perpetual change makes it a subject that will
never stop being investigated, even with all of the technology, data, and observation
techniques at our disposal. Meteorologists and forecasters make predictions about the
weather and how it may vary, but in practice, the weather cannot be accurately predicted. In
this activity, I learned that we can predict or estimate anything with the use of recording data.
But prediction doesn’t mean our data will be always accurate. It just makes us be prepared
for such weather events that might happen.

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

 V. Documentation
MATERIALS

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VI. References
https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@1713014/historic

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Weather in General Trias, September 26 – Detailed Weather Forecast for September 26 in
General Trias, Province of Cavite, Philippines (world-weather.info)

ABEN 70a – Laboratory Exercise No. 1