Diseases

Associated
with Lipids
01
OBESITY
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation
that presents a risk to health. 1
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Obesity
● Adiposity
● Caused by the increase in the size
and the amount of fat cells in the
body.
● It can cause: metabolic
syndrome, high blood pressure,
atherosclerosis, heart disease,
diabetes, high blood cholesterol,
cancers and sleep disorders.
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Obesity
• Lifestyle change
○ Heart-healthy eating
○ Increased physical
activity
• FDA-approved
weight-loss medicines
• Surgery

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HYPERTENSION
a condition in which the blood vessels
have persistently raised pressure.
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Hypertension
● High blood pressure
● Blood pressure is created by the
force of blood pushing against
the walls of blood vessels
(arteries) as it is pumped by the
heart.
● The higher the pressure, the
harder the heart has to pump.
● < 120/80 mmHg
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Hypertension
• Hypertension can increase the risk
of heart, brain, kidney and other
diseases.
• It is a major cause of premature
death worldwide, with upwards of 1
in 4 men and 1 in 5 women – over a
billion people – having the condition.

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
occurs when plaque builds up inside
arteries
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Atherosclerosis
● Thickening or hardening of the
arteries.
● It is caused by a buildup of plaque
in the inner lining of an artery.
● Plaque is made up of deposits of
fatty substances, cholesterol,
cellular waste products, calcium,
and fibrin.

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Atherosclerosis
• Atherosclerosis is a slow,
progressive disease
• Risk factors include:
○ High cholesterol/ triglyceride levels
○ High blood pressure
○ Smoking
○ Type 1 diabetes
○ Obesity
○ Physical inactivity
○ High saturated fat diet 10
EYE
DISEASES 4
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Arcus senilis
● Annular lipid infiltration of
corneal periphery.
● A gray or white arc visible above
and below the outer part of the
cornea — the clear, domelike
covering over the front of the eye.
○ The arc may become a
complete ring around the iris.
● It's caused by fat (lipid) deposits
deep in the edge of the cornea. 12
Arcus senilis
• It is common in older adults.
○ High cholesterol
• It doesn't affect vision, nor does it
require treatment.
• It occurs in younger people who
have severe cases of high
cholesterol and familial
hyperlipidemia.
○ ↑ risk of heart disease 13
Lipid keratopathy
● Fatty degeneration of the cornea
is characterised by whitish or
yellowish deposits.
● The fat deposits mostly consist
of cholesterol and fatty acids

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Forms of Lipid Keratopathy
1. Primary form
○ usually occurs bilaterally
○ Familial HDL Deficiency
○ Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase
deficiency
2. Secondary form
○ Most common form
○ Presence of corneal blood vessels
from trauma, interstitial keratitis or
herpes zoster keratitis 15
Blepharitis
● An inflammation of the eyelids
in which they become red,
irritated and itchy with
dandruff-like scales that form
on the eyelashes.
● It is a common eye disorder
caused by either bacteria or a
skin condition, such as
dandruff of the scalp or
rosacea. 16
Anterior Blepharitis
1. Bacterial (usually staphylococcal)
○ direct infection
○ reaction to staphylococcal exotoxin
○ allergic response to staphylococcal
antigen
2. Seborrhoeic
○ Disorder of the ciliary sebaceous
glands of Zeis
■ Abnormal excessive neutral lipids are
split by Corynebacterium acne into 17
irritating free fatty acids
Xanthelasma
● These are creamy-yellow
plaque-like lesions which
frequently involve the skin of
upper and lower lids near the
inner canthus.
● It represents lipid deposits in
histiocytes in the dermis of the
lid.
● It can be raised or flat
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Xanthelasma
• It can be a sign of heart disease.
• Xanthelasma is also more common
in women and those of Asian or
Mediterranean descent.
• Who are at risk?
○ Smokers
○ Overweight
○ High blood cholesterol
○ High blood pressure or diabetes
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Thank you!

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