1.

LOCATION
The United Kingdom is situated off the north-western coast of
continental Europe. The UK has four constituent parts: England,
Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. The interesting thing is that
London is the capital city of both England and the UK. The tallest
mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The longest river is River
Severn which flows in Wales and England, whereas the important
river is River Thames in England. Lough Neagh in Northern
Ireland is the largest while Loch Ness is the most famous lake. In
England, there are mostly low hills and plains. Besides, The UK
has a temperate climate. In general, this means that Britain gets
cool, wet winters and warm, wet summers.the weather in London
is foggy.

2. OVERVIEW
The United Kingdom is situated off the north-western coast of
continental Europe. The Flag of the UK is the Union Jack. The UK
has four constituent parts: England, Wales, Northern Ireland and
Scotland. The official name of the UK is The united kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland but is usually called Brittan.
The interesting thing is that London is the capital city of both
England and the UK. The UK has a temperate climate. In general,
this means that Britain gets cool, wet winters and warm, wet
summers . Protestant are the most popular religion in Brittan.
Christmas Day and Easter are the two most important festivals in
Britain.
The UK is a popular tourist destination with many famous
landmarks. Oxford and Cambridge are the ancient universities.
Stratford-upon-Avon is the birthplace of the poet and playwright
William Shakespeare. The London Eye, Big Ben tower, Thames
River
In terms of polity, the type of government in the UK is
constitutional monarchy. The UK Parliament consists of three
parts: the House of Lords, the House of Commons and the
Monarch. The House of Commons is the most important and
power part in the Parliament.
3. PEOPLE AND LANGUAGE
- Phân biệt giữa English and British:
+ English is the people who come from England
+ British is the people form Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
and England.

- Phân biệt Great Britain and Britain:

+ Great Britain is the largest island of the British Isles
+ Britain is the common used name of the country consisting
four parts: England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland

- How was the United Kingdom formed?

In 1536, King Henry VIII united England and Wales under one
Parliament. In 1603, the King of Scotland became King James I
of England and Wales and King James VI of Scotland. The
Parliaments of England, Wales and Scotland were united a
century later in 1707.
- Invasion (sự xâm lăng):
1^st inhabitants in British Isles were Stone-Age Men whereas
1^st inhabitants in Britain were Celts. Then the Romans came
from Italy in AD 43 gave Britain its name. In the 5^th century,
the Angles and Saxons who came from Germany and Denmark
invaded and gave Angle-land its name. In 1066, the Vikings
who arrived from Denmark and Norway invaded from France.
The English are the descendants of all the invaders, but are
Anglo-Saxon than anything else.
- The Hundred Years’ War (Cuộc chiến 100 năm)
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts in Western
Europe from 1337 to 1453, waged between the House of
Plantagenet and its cadet House of Lancaster, rulers of the
Kingdom of England, and the House of Valois over the right to
rule the Kingdom of France. It was one of the most notable
conflicts of the Middle Ages. It had bad effects on English
economy
- The wars of roses (Cuộc chiến hoa hồng)
The wars of roses lasted from 1455 to 1485 in England between
two families: the House of Lancaster, whose symbol was a red
rose, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose.
The aim was to make a member of their house the king of
England. The wars were ended when Henry Tudor (House of
Lancaster) became King Henry VII and marriage to Elizabeth of
York.
Henry VIII was a typical renaissance prince and use Parliament
to establish himself as the head of the Protestant Church of
England in 1534.
- The Civil War (Nội chiến)
The Civil War was a war (1642-1651) between the King of
England, Charles I, and his parliament. Its causes were both
political and religious. It divided the people of England, and
caused  great suffering.The war ended with Parliamentarian
victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651
4. GOVERNMENT
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy, based on
universal suffrage. The type of government is constitutional
monarchy in which a queen or king as head of the country and the
prime minister as the head of the government. There are three
branches of the government: the legislature, the executive and the
judiciary.
The functions of the legislature is to make primary legislation.
Under the constitution (hiến pháp), Parliament is supreme and
has authority over government and law-making in the United
Kingdom as a whole.
The executive is the part of government with authority and
responsibility for the daily administration of the state. It executes,
or enforces, the law. The government derives its authority and
membership from Parliament and can only stay in office if it is
able to command a majority in the House of Commons.
The judiciary determines common law and interprets legislation.
As Monarch, The Queen is the head of both the executive, the
judiciary and plays an integral part in the legislature.
The prime minister is belongs to the executive branch. Nowadays,
Boris Johnson has served as the Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2019.
 5. EDUCATION
England Vietnam
Compulsory -Math, English and Science -Math and Vietnamese
subjects -Sex education -Civic education
School day 9.00 am - 3.30 pm 7.00 am – 11.00 am
1.00 pm – 5.00 pm
School year Early September – mid or late July Late August – the end of May of
of the following year the following
Stages -Primary schools: 5-11 -Primary schools: 6-11
-Secondary education: 11-16 -Secondary schools: 11-15
-A level/IB: 16-18 -High school: 15-18
-Higher education: 18 and above of -Higher education: 18 and above
age of age
Qualification Examinations are taken at the ages: -All high school students in
s -11: 11-plus to decide whether a Vietnam are required to take the
child would go on to a grammar National High School Graduation
school or a secondary modern Examination, at the end of grade
school 12 to get a diploma called the
-16: GCSE-compulsory exam for the High School Graduation
whole UK students. Certificate.
-17: AS level -University entrance is based on
-18: A level the scores achieved in
After passing GCSE, the students the entrance examination.
who want to further education in
universities must to continue
staying at school or moving on to a
technical college to get AS level
and A level. In order to study in
universities, students need to have
at least three A-level certificates
and pass the interview.

Some short definitions:

Devolution: the transfer of power from central to religion government.
GCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education
A level: General Certificate of Education Advanced
Ancient Britons: people who lived in Britain before the Roman came
Referendum: direct vote by all people on political questions
 6. HOLIDAY
- The differences between festival and holiday
Festival Holiday
Festival is a day or time when Holiday is a day of rest when
people celebrate sth (especially a people do not go to work, school,
religious event) etc:
Eg: Christmas is an important Eg: New Year's Day is a
Christian festival. bank/public holiday in Britain.

- Christmas
In the UK In Vietnam
- Important time of the Christian, - important time of only the
but it is also very important to Christian
those who do not go to church.
- Family gathering and giving gifts - just go to church, but for non-
to each other Christians it's just a normal day
- the symbols is Evergreen tree - no symbol
- time off: from 25 December to 1 - no day off
January

- The New Year

In The UK In Vietnam
- on 31 December, the last day - between January 21 and February
before the New Year begins 19
- in New year ever people drink - Before New Year's Eve, members
champagne, light fireworks, dance from far away return to their
until the sun comes up hometowns to gather with their
families, together to make
traditional dishes.
- children receive lucky money
from adult
- people have go back to work on 2 - people have 7 days off and then
January go back to work and study
 7. MEDIA
In the UK In Vietnam
- The British media - Vietnam media
industry is covered by industry are complex
local radio, television, and have traditionally
and print newspapers involved a range of
media outlets, which
include the press,
radio and television,
internet, etc.

- The famous TV - The BBC is the most - VTV1 is constantly

channels popular TV channel in being renewed and
the UK. updated with political,
- Popular British TV cultural and social
shows are BBC1, information.
BBC2, ITV, Channel 4 - VTV3 is the best TV
and 5. channel specializing in
general entertainment
and sports.
- popular radio Clare FM, Anna Livia, VOA, VOH
etc.
- Well-known The Sun, Daily Mail, Báo Nhân dân,
newspaper What’s on TV, etc. VNEpress,…
=> BBC is one of the most popular TV Channels in the entire world. The
news that is broadcasted is stared to be the most authentic one, making
it to gain high popularity worldwide. Apart from this, the channel has
segments and tiny sections of news which is assigned to different types
of news, different genres, and linked to different countries. These TV
channels are established for years now and continues to deliver
supreme service for the future as well.
=> Nowadays, the internet is more and more developing, which is
responsible for the disappearance of face-to-face communication
among youngsters. Owning to the attraction of online games, they
refuse to participate in other extracurricular activities that they used to
do in the past. Moreover, they spend a rash of hours sitting in front of
the computer to chat with friends and family through social websites
like Facebook or Zalo. Family gatherings are also substituted by
intolerably short calls as a result of hurry sickness.
 8. FAMILY AND FAMILY LIFE

In the UK
- For British and American people,
family often has only a mother,
father and their children.
- This is general social context “the
family” is usually taken to mean
this nuclear family
In Vietnam
- A family may include parents and
their children, grandparents, aunts,
uncles and cousins, as well as
more distant relatives.
- In Vietnam, the extended family is
common in the countryside and
the nuclear family is pervasive in
the urban area.

I like living in an extended family because I think that the bigger family
is, the happier we will have. In an extended family, we can have many
more benefits than the nuclear family. For example, when we have
problems, all family members can help and the problem will be solved
fast. In addition, grandparents can not live alone because they need
their offspring to help them when they sick or have a disease. On the
other hand, the extended family will be hard to live with if the family
members are not friendly and bored to live together. In this aspect, the
nuclear family is better than the extended family.

* NUCLEAR FAMILY
Advantages Disadvantages
- Less stress for the earning - Social strength of the families is
person in the family. degrading.
- Less space is required for - Social gatherings are also
comfortable living. becoming rare.
- Fewer resources are required for - Insecurity of Children
survival. - Losing social culture.
- A better possibility of family - Feelings of loneliness and
planning. isolation
- Prevention of intrafamily
problems which can cause due to
more numbers of the family
members

DEFINITION
- Nuclear family: a family consisting of the mother, the father and one or
two children.
- Daycare (trường bán trú): a place where children are looked after at
day time while their parents are at work.
- Cohabit (tình trạng sau hôn nhân): live with each other without
marriage.
 9. RELIGION
Everyone in the United Kingdom has a legal right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion. Although the United Kingdom is predominantly
Christian, most world religions are represented. In particular there are
large other religions in Britain such as Anglicanism, Catholicity, Islam,
Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism.The two important religious
festivals in the UK are Easter and Christmas. In my country, Vietnam,
there are also many religions such as: Buddhism, Catholics,
Hoahaoism, Caodaism, Protestant, Hinduism, Christianity, etc. Among
them, Buddhism is the most influential religion in Vietnam. There are
also many religious festivals in my country such as Vesak (Lễ Phật
Đản), Vu Lan festival and Christmas.

In the UK In Vietnam
Similarities
- In both countries have a legal right to freedom of thought, conscience
and religion.

Differences
- Two religious festivals are Easter The popular festivals are Buddha's
and Christmas birthday, Vulan Festival,
Christmas, etc.
- The are four Anglican churches: There are many religions but
the Church of England, the Church Vietnam's national religion is
of Wales, the Scottish Episcopal Buddhism.
Church, and the Church of Ireland.
-The most popular religion is
Christianity and Protestantism
- There are also other religious
groups such as Hindu, Sikh and
Jewish communities.
=> Religion plays an important role in British life because they are
dissatisfied with the physical life
8. Christmas
Christmas Day is celebrated in the United Kingdom on December 25. At
Christmas, people remember when Jesus Christ was born and the
Christian religion started. Christmas is a very important time in the
Christian year, but it is also very important, to those who don't go to
church. It is a time for buying and giving: presents, having parties, and
being with family. People start to get ready for Christmas in late October
of early November. Shop-keepers decorate their shops with lights, trees
and other decorations, and shoppers start to look for presents. In UK
households, before Christmas people decorate the tree with red, gold
and silver balls, and little coloured lights. They can put a star or an
angel on top of the tree. Most villages, towns and cities are decorated
with Christmas light and the most famous Christmas light places in the
UK are in Oxford street in London. People with family and friends in
other countries often send them cards and presents, and everyone
begins to make plans for the coming holiday. People usually spend this
time at home with their family or visiting family who live far away. They
have a Christmas dinner with their family and friends. They decorated
Christmas dinner table with candles, napkins and crackers. Traditional
Christmas dinner is roast turkey with vegetables, gravy and sauce. For
dessert, they eat traditional Christmas pudding with brandy sauce or
Christmas cake.

9. Easter
In the UK, Easter is one of the major Christian festival. Easter is the
Sunday after the first full moon after the first day of spring (21 March). It
is different every year, but always between 22 March and 25 April. It is
therefore a time for fun and celebration. According to Christian belief,
Easter day in the UK is the day that Jesus returned to life. Easter egg is
a symbol of spring and new life. People decorate eggs with different
colors and then take the eggs to the top of a hill and the eggs roll down.
Today, people give Easter eggs made of chocolate or plastic filled with
confectionery such as jelly beans as presents. On Easter day, many
people also eat hot cross buns and go to church and sing Easter songs.
Nuclear fam
In the UK, there are 7 types of family such as nuclear family, extended
family, single-parent family, step family, cohabiting-couple family, adoptive
family, same-sex family. My favorite type of family is nuclear family which
is a family group consisting of two parents a man and woman) and their
children (one or more). The family has some advantages and disavantages.
Children who live in nuclear family have a chane to develop their
personality and children can learn how to seek positive relationships and
interact well with others. Children see partners work together to solve
problems, delegate household responsibilities, and support one another
through positive and negative issues. Many nuclear families have enough
economic stability to provide children with luxuries, opportunities, and a
safe environment. Children with these opportunities are more likely to be
successful academically and socially. Apart from the advantages, there are
some serveral disadvantages. The nuclear family unit can isolate people
from other relatives and relationships. This breakdown of the extended
family unit, won't be beneficial in hard times. Besides, parents in nuclear
family sometimes face to financial challenge and their childcare. Without
helping from extended family, parents may need to take off work to care for
sick children. The struggle to balance the demands of work, family and
friendships without outside assistance leads to stress, depression, anxiety
or other problems. In Vietnam, nuclear family is more popular in the cities,
while the extended family is common in rurals areas.

- Tutorial: is a teaching period for small group of students 

- The Pennine Chain is known as the backbone of England.
- Daycare is a place where children now are looked after at day
time while their parents are at work. 
- GCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education 
- SE: Sex Education (compulsory in secondary education,
optional in primary education)
- RE: Relationship Education/ Religious Education
Devolution: is the transform of power from centre to regional
government.
Ancient Britons: people who lived in Britain before the Romans
came.
Referendum (trưng cầu dân ý): the direct vote by all people on a
political conquest.
Magna Carta (Đại Hiến chương): the document contained a long
list of limitations to the King’s power and these rights obtained by
the Barons were eventually extended to the entire population.
Diocese (Giáo phận): a district under the care of a bishop in the
Christian Church.
Congregation (giáo đoàn): a group of people regularly a tender of
church.
Cohabitation: live with each other without marriage