Lecture 2

Stoichiometric Calculations
 Solution

• Solution is a uniform mixture of two or more substance

• Solvent the medium in to which the other substance is mixed or
dissolve
• Solute is any substance dissolved by the solvent.
• Solubility is the amount of solute need to make a saturated
solution in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature.
 Kinds of solution
1-Dilute solution:- is one which the ratio of solute to solvent is very
small.
2- Concentration solution :- is one which the ratio of solute to solvent
is very larg.
3- Saturated solution:- is one which no more of solute can dissolve
insolvent at a particular temperature.
4- Unsaturated solution:- is one which the ratio of solute to solvent is
lower than of a corresponding saturates solution.
Some of Fundamental Concepts in analytical
chemistry
Atomic and molecular weights are generally expressed in terms of
atomic mass units (amu),or dalton.
• The atomic mass unit, or dalton, is based upon a relative scale in
which the reference is the carbon-12 isotope which is assigned a
mass of exactly 12 amu.
• Thus, the amu, or Da, is defined as 1/12 of the mass of one neutral
C-12 atom.
• Molar mass:- the mass of one mole of units of a substance in grams.
For any element:
Atomic mass(amu)= molar mass (grams)
Formula Weight
It is assumed that you can calculate the formula or molecular weights of
compounds from respective atomic weights of the elements forming these
compounds. The formula weight (FW) of a substance is the sum of the atomic
weights of the elements from which this substance is formed from.
the formula weight of CaSO4.7H2O
The Mole Concept
•
Example ( l )

•
Example (2)

How many atoms are in 16.3grams of sulfur?

Answer
Example (3)

It is desired to calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in urea using

certain testing technology. If the urea sample weight was 25.6 g and its
molar mass is 60.06g, what will be the number of hydrogen atoms in
this sample? Knowing that the molecular structure of urea is (NH2)2CO.
Answer
Example (4)
Calculate the number of moles in 500 mg of sodium tungstate
(Na2WO4) .
Given: Na= 22.99 W= 183.85 O= 16
Answer

11
 Example (5)
•
Example (6)
A) Calculate the number of moles of K2CO3 that contains 117.3 g of potassium ?

B) Calculate the mass in grams of other elements in such compound ?

K=39.1 O =16 C=12.

13
Homework 1
•