THE CONCEPT

OF HUMAN
BEING
DENNIES ELEFANTE JR.
REPORTERS:
JIEZEL EIMERINE MIGUEL
 THIS LESSON WILL DISCUSS
THREE PHILOSOPHERS AND
THEIR CONCEPT OF THE MAKE
UP OF A HUMAN THIS BEING.
(1)PLATO,
(2)ARISTOTLE, AND
(3)DESCARTES
 THE CLASS WILL HAVE AN INSIGHT AS TO
HOW THESE PHILOSOPHERS ADDRESS THE
QUESTION, "WHAT MAKES US HUMAN?"
PHILOSOPHERS WERE INITIALLY
CONCERNED WITH DEFINING THE
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTIC THAT
MAKES A PERSON HUMAN.
 THIS ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTIC IS WHAT
DISTINGUISHES US FROM PLANTS, ANIMALS,
AND OTHER LIVING THINGS MANY AGREE
THAT THIS ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTIC IS
NOTHING ELSE BUT OUR BEING RATIONAL
BEINGS OUR RATIONALITY MAKES US
SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS BECAUSE IT IS
THE HIGHEST FORM OF ACTIVITY AND NO
OTHER BEING HAS IT. THIS LESSON WILL
ALSO DISCUSS THE IDEA OF HOW THE
HUMAN BEING IS SAID TO HAVE TWO
IMPORTANT COMPONENTS-A BODY AND A
SOUL-AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
THESE TWO
 Plato was a Greek philosopher
born in Athens during the
Classical period in Ancient
Greece. He founded the Platonist
school of thought and the
Academy, the first institution of
higher learning on the European
continent.

PLATO
 Plato believed that humans could be
broken down into 3 parts: the body, the
mind and the soul. The body is the physical
part of the body that is only concerned with
the material world, and through which we
are able to experience the world we live in.
it wants to experience self-gratification. It
is mortal, and when it dies, it is truly dead.
The mind is directed towards the heavenly
realm of Ideas, and is immortal. It is with
our minds that we are able to understand
the eternal world of the Forms. When it
'dies' it returns to the realm of Ideas. The
PLATO soul is the driving force of the body, that it
is what gives us our identity.
 Aristotle was a Greek
philosopher and polymath
during the Classical period
in Ancient Greece. Taught
by Plato and was Plato's
most famous student, he
was the founder of the
Peripatetic school of
philosophy within the
ARISTOTLE Lyceum and the wider
Aristotelian tradition.
 Aristotle defined human beings
as rational animals. This means
that we are endowed with
certain cognitive powers,
namely, intellect and reason,
that enable us to engage in
various cognitive operations,
such as concept formation,
ARISTOTLE judging, or reasoning.
 René Descartes was a French
philosopher, scientist, and
mathematician, widely
considered a seminal figure in the
emergence of modern philosophy
and science.

DESCARTES
 According to Descartes, a human
being is a union of mind and body.
The mind can cause changes in
the body, and the body can cause
changes in the mind, by virtue of
the substantial union of mind and
body. Thus Descartes' notion of
the union of mind and body arises
in response to the problem of how
the mind and the body can
DESCARTES causally interact.
 THE VIEWS OF PLATO, ARISTOTLE,
AND DESCARTES ARE NOT THE ONLY
EXISTING VIEWS OF HUMAN BEINGS
FOR SURE. NEVERTHELESS, THEY
REPRESENT THE DOMINANT VIEWS:
HUMAN BEINGS AS COMPOSITE OF
BODY AND SOUL, AND AS HAVING AN
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF
RATIONALITY, THE DUALISTIC VIEW
OF MAN CONSIDERS MAN AS HAVING
TWO ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS: A BODY
AND A SOUL.
AND IN THIS DUALISTIC PERSPECTIVE,
IT IS THE SOUL WHICH GETS THE
UPPER HAND WHILE THE BODY IS
TREATED WITH DISLIKE FOR REASONS
LIKE 'SOURCE OF ERROR',
RESTRICTING, CORRUPTIBLE, ETC.
THE ESSENTIALIST PERSPECTIVE, ON
THE OTHER HAND, CLAIMS THAT
THERE MUST BE AN ESSENTIAL
CHARACTERISTIC THAT A BEING MUST
POSSES FOR IT TO BE CALLED AS
SUCH. AND IN THE CASE HUMAN
BEINGS, IT IS RATIONALITY.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!!
DENNIES ELEFANTE JR.
REPORTERS:
JIEZEL EIMERINE MIGUEL