ORIENT COLLEGES TALAGANG

Organic Chemistry (BSc-II)

On-Screen Lectures
Aldehydes & Ketones
Lecture # 1
 METHODS OF PREPARATION
Many of preparatory methods for aldehydes and ketones
are same. Anyhow, some methods are exclusively for
either aldehydes and ketones. We will first discuss
common methods and then exclusive methods

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 HYDRATION OF ALKYNES
When alkynes are treated with water, water molecule
add to triple bond to form an unsaturated alcohol. This
alcohol then tautomerizes and an aldehyde/ ketone is
formed
Only acetylene gives an aldehyde (acetaldehyde); all other
alkynes give ketones

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 OXIDATION OF ALKENES
When alkenes are treated with ozone followed by
reaction with water, molecule split at site of double bond
and the two doubly bonded Cs are oxidized to carbonyl
groups and aldehydes and/or ketones are formed
depending upon structure of alkene

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 OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS
Oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols gives
aldehydes and ketones respectively
Oxidizing agents used are K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4, PCC and
Jone’s reagents as already discussed in previous chapter

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 PYROYSIS OF CALCIUM SALTS OF
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
When calcium salts of carboxylic acids are heated in the
absence of oxygen, they give aldehydes and/ or ketones
depending upon salt (s) used
Calcium formate alone gives formaldehyde
A mixture of calcium formate and another salt gives an
aldehyde
A mixture of two salts other than formate gives a ketones

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