ORIENT COLLEGES TALAGANG

10th Chemistry
On-Screen Lectures
Chapter # 12
Lecture # 2
Alkanes
Introduction, Preparation, Physical Properties, Chemical
Properties & Uses

2
 THE ALKANES

Alkanes are simplest form of organic compounds

containing Carbon and Hydrogen elements and
containing all carbon-carbon single bonds

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They have general formula CnH2n+2 where n is any positive integer
They are also called paraffins. This is because they are very little
reactive towards chemical reagents (Para =less, affin = affinity or
reactivity)

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 General methods of preparation of alkanes

Sabatier-Senderns Reaction
(Hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes)
When a mixture of hydrogen and an alkene or

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alkyne is heated over surface of a metal such as
Pd, Pt or Ni, alkanes are formed

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 General methods of preparation of alkanes

From Alkyl Halides

Reduction of Alkyl Halides
When an alkyl halide is made to react with

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Zn/HCl, C-halogen bond breaks and an alkane is
formed

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 Chemical Reactions of Alkanes
HALOGENATION
Substitution of one or more H-atoms of an alkane
with halogen atoms is called halogenation

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 Alkanes do not react with halogens in dark
 Alkanes react with halogens in bright vigorously and
carbon is deposited
 Alkanes react with halogens in diffused sunlight
giving many products depending on concentration of
halogen used

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 Chemical Reactions of Alkanes
HALOGENATION
Alkanes react with halogens in bright vigorously and
carbon is deposited

11 August 2020
OrientColleges Orient193 OrientColleges@gmail.com
Orient2012
 Chemical Reactions of Alkanes
HALOGENATION
Alkanes react with halogens in diffused sunlight giving
many products depending on concentration of halogen

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used

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 Chemical Reactions of Alkanes
COMBUSTION
Burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen
to produce CO2 and water with evolution of heat

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is called combustion

In limited supply of oxygen, incomplete

combustion occurs and carbon monoxide is
formed

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