MODULE 1

FOUR RULES OF GUN SAFETY

 Consider every Gun as Loaded
 Never point the muzzle of your gun to anyone or anything that you do not intend to shoot.
 Keep your trigger finger off the trigger unless you are ready to fire.
 Be sure of your target and what lies beyond and around it before you shoot.

TEN COMMANDMENTS OF GUN SAFETY

 Always keep the gun pointed in a safe direction.
 Always keep your trigger finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
 Always keep the gun unloaded until it is ready to use
 Be sure the gun is safe to operate.
 Know how to use the gun safety mechanism
 . Use only the correct ammunition for your gun.
 Know your target and what is beyond.
 Wear eye and ear protection as appropriate.
 Never use alcohol or drugs before or while shooting
 Store guns unloaded and not accessible to unauthorized persons.

 A firearm is a mechanical device that uses pressure from a burning powder to force a
projectile through and out of a metal tube.
 other missiles maybe discharged by means of gunpowder or other explosives.

The frame of the firearm considered a complete firearm?

-Yes, as per sec. 3 of RA 10591

MAIN TYPES OF FIREARMS

 Artillery - Those types of firearms that propel projectiles one (1) inch and more in diameter. Ex.
Cannons, mortars, bazookas
 Small Arms - Those types of firearms that propel projectiles less than one (1) inch in diameter.
Ex. Machine guns, shoulder arms, and hand guns
ACCORDING TO BARREL LENGTH
 Long-barreled - designed for long-range shooting. All shoulder firearms and high-caliber
machineguns fall under long-barreled weapons.
 Short-barreled - accurate only at relatively short ranges. pistols, revolvers and submachine guns
are classified as short-barreled weapons.
ACCORDING TO LOADING MECHANISM
 MUZZLE LOADER – loading is done in the muzzle
 BREECH LOADER – loading is done at the breech
ACCORDING TO GUN BARREL INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION
 Smooth-bore firearms - Firearms that have no rifling (lands and grooves) inside the gun barrel.
Ex. Shotguns and Musket
 Rifled-bore firearms - Firearms that have rifling inside the gun barrel. Ex. Pistols, revolvers and
other weapons
ACCORDING TO MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE LOADING AND FIRING MECHANISM (Action)
 Single-shot arms: these are guns designed to fire only one shot for every loading.
 Bolt-action type: Firearms of this type are usually classified also as single-shot types. Reloading
is done by manual manipulation of the bolt.
 Repeating firearms: These are weapons that are capable of firing several shots in one loading
since they are equipped with semi-automatic firing mechanism.
 Automatic-loading type: These are rapid-fire weapons since they are equipped with full-
automatic firing mechanism. capable of continuous firing in one squeeze of the trigger provided
that it is constantly pressed and the gun is loaded with a magazine of ammunition.
 Lever-type: also called break-type. The loading takes place by applying lever action gun’s stock.
Loading is done by applying lever action to open the breech and expose the chamber
 Slide-action type: Firearms of this type are capable of feeding the chamber by the backward-
forward manipulation of the gun’s fore-end.
ACCORDING TO GENERAL USE AND DESIGN
 Machine Guns - weapon which fires or is designed to fire automatically without manual
reloading, by a single press of the trigger.
 Shoulder Arms - Those types of firearm that are normally fired from the shoulder.
 Hand Guns - designed or intended to be fired using one hand-either the right or left hand.
 Submachine gun - synonym “machine pistols”, a firearm with a rifled barrel firing pistol
ammunition.
Three General Types of Machine Guns
 Recoil-operated.
 Gas operated
 Combination of recoil and gas action

SHOULDER ARMS – designed to be fired on shoulder. This includes:

 Rifle - Any weapon designed or intended to be operated from the shoulder and uses the
energy of the explosive in a fixed metallic cartridge to fire only a single projectile through a rifled
bore for each pull of the trigger.
 Muskets - An ancient smooth-bore and muzzle loading military shoulder arm designed
to fire a single round lead ball.
 Carbine - A short barrel rifle, with its barrel measuring not longer than 22 inches. It fires a
single projectile through a rifled-bore, either semi-automatic or full-automatic, for every press of
the trigger.
 Shotgun - A smooth-bore and breech loading shoulder arm designed to fire a number of lead
pellets or shots in one charge.

HAND GUNS
 Revolver - A hand firearm equipped with a rotating cylinder, serving as magazine, successively
places a cartridge into position for firing.
 Pistol - A short barrel handgun designed to fire a single projectile through a rifled-bore for
every press of the trigger. It is usually applied to semi-automatic loading

Classes of Revolver
 According to firing mechanism:
✓ Single Action ✓ Double-Action
 According to method of loading and cartridge case ejection:
✓ Ejection Rod type ✓ Break-Open type ✓ Solid Frame type

Types of Pistols
• Single-shot pistol
• Semi-Automatic pistol
• Full-Automatic pistol

CLASSIFICATION OF FIREARMS AS TO POWER PURSUANT TO RA 8294

 LOW POWERED FIREARMS - Includes rim fire handguns, .380 or .32 and other firearm of similar
fire power.
 HIGH POWERED FIREARMS - Includes those with bores bigger in diameter than .38 caliber and
9mm such as: caliber .40, .41, .44, .45 and also lesser caliber firearms but consider powerful
such as caliber .357 and caliber .22 center fire magnum and other firearms with firing capability
of full automatic and by burst of two (2) or three (3).
KOLIBRI – the smallest pistol in the world, auto pistol, caliber 2.7 mm, 5 shots, 1914
MAGNUM .50 (Pistol) – unseated the .44 magnum and .454 magnum as the most powerful handgun in
the world. (made in Israel)