Volume 7, Issue 11, November – 2022
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Aromatherapy:
A Holistic Healing Treatment Through Flowers
Mallika Sindha,
Dept. of Floriculture and Landscaping
ACHF, NAU,
Navsari-396 450, Gujarat
K. S. Solanki
College of Horticulture,
Junagadh Agricultural University,
Junagadh 362001, Gujarat
Abstract:- Aromatherapy makes use of aromatic essential
oils medicinally to enhance the health of the body, thoughts,
and spirit. Improves the bodily and emotional health. This
review explores the records to be had in the literature
regarding healing, scientific, beauty, mental, olfactory,
rubdown aromatherapy, safety issues and exclusive plants
utilized in aromatherapy. there is an improved trend these
days to apply this therapy in the remedy of cancer, lessen
post-operative caesarean pain in pregnant ladies in addition
to decrease the anxiety stage and enhance sleep pleasant in
patients having burn harm and dental troubles. and sleep
problem. Their natural man or woman and to behave in a
supportive manner with the body, provide a feeling of
nicely-beingness.
Keywords:- Aromatherapy, Essential oil, Flowers, Massage.
I. INTRODUCTION
Aromatherapy is a holistic recovery remedy that uses
natural plant extracts to sell fitness and well-being. Sometimes
it’s known as aromatic oil remedy. Aromatherapy uses fragrant
essential oils medicinally to enhance the health of the body,
thoughts, and spirit. It complements both physical and
emotional fitness. It is a form of alternative remedy. All valued
plants have a few form of aroma or flavour of their numerous
components which encompass roots, stems, leaves, vegetation
and end result. Perfumes, essential oils and aroma are some of
the products which mean non secular values, dwelling
requirements, character improvement for use and adornment
from decades. Many ancient civilizations like Egypt, China and
India have used this as a famous complementary and
opportunity remedy from at least 6000 years. The flavour and
aroma in a particular component is due to the presence of
essential oils found in special glands in it. Important oils are a
combination of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons,
alcohol, aldehydes, esters, ethers, ketones, oxides phenols and
terpenes which may additionally produce feature odors. The
aromatic oils in flowers are present detached regions like,
pockets and reservoirs, glandular hairs, specialised cells, or
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
S. T. Bhatt
Horticulture Polytechnic
Chandana Shivaswamy
Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture,
ICAR- PUSA,
New Delhi-110012
maybe within the intercellular areas. Essences evaporation from
the flora, shields them from bacterial assault and a warming air
of secrecy because of essences it protects the plant from
temperature fluctuations. it may be follow as administered in
small quantity like inhalation, or simple packages on the pores
and skin surface, with carrier lotion, in rubdown, in bathing,
through compress and so on. The use of aromatherapy in
holistic medication has taken a long soar inside multiple years.
On reviewing the literature on this remedy, it's far determined
that several research were done to have a look at the results of
this remedy on human brain and its feelings. Its role in mood,
alertness, and mental stress in wholesome topics become a topic
of hot discussion amongst medical network lately. A few
researchers tried to research the outcomes on work capacity,
response time, and a few spontaneous actions at the brain thru
electroencephalograph patterns and functional imaging
research, it reduces pre-menstrual signs and symptoms,
depression in postmenopausal ladies, reduces cesarean
postoperative pain, reduces despair, anxiety and strain in
hemodialysis sufferers, improve short-time period
reminiscence, reduce the childbirth pain depth etc. The signal is
transmitted to limbic and hypothalamus elements of the mind
via olfactory bulb. the ones signals purpose mind to release
neuro messengers like serotonin, endorphin and so forth. to link
our apprehensive and exclusive frame structures assuring a
desired alternate and to offer a feeling of comfort. Serotonin,
endorphin and noradrenalin are released from calming oil,
euphoric, and stimulating oil respectively to provide expected
effect on thoughts and frame.
II. HISTORY OF AROMATHERAPY: MYTHICAL,
MAGICAL AND MEDICINAL
Ancient Egyptian had high-quality expertise of
cosmetology, ointment and aromatic oil. Cleoptara used herbal
oils in her splendor regiment. Plant essence have been used in
mummification process. China first recorded the usage of
fragrant oil round 2700 BC. during the yellow emperor Huang
ti’s dynasty. His ‘book of internal medicinal drug’ contain the
use of many aromatics nonetheless used today. Early Romans
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Volume 7, Issue 11, November – 2022
applied many blessings of fragrant infused oil in their every day
lives and even in carrying occasion applying fragrance oil
lavishly on their bodies, bedding and clothes. Early Greeks
followed the know-how of essential oil from the Egyptians.
‘Hippocrates’ the father of drugs, documented the impact of
some three hundred flora. India is famously recognized for its
recuperation way of life from ayurveda which date backs
hundreds of year and which incorporates using natural infusion
and vital oil.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
straight away associated with those elements of the mind that
manage coronary heart charge, blood stress, respiratory,
reminiscence, strain degrees, and hormone stability. This dating
enables provide an explanation for why smells regularly reason
emotions. know-how this, we will hypothesize how inhalation
of vital oils may have a few very profound physiological and
mental consequences.

A. What is Essential oil?

Fragrant essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid
containing unstable aroma compounds from plant. Critical oils
are also referred to as unstable oils, aetheral oils or aetherola or
without a doubt because the ‘oil of the plant from which they
were extracted.

B. How do essential oils work?

The olfactory device consists of all physical organs or
cells referring to, or contributing to, the sense of smell. Whilst
we inhale through the nose, airborne molecules have interaction
with the olfactory organs and, nearly immediately, the brain.
During inhalation, scent molecules travel through the nostril
and have an effect on the brain thru a spread of receptor
websites, honestly one among which is the limbic device, this Fig 1:- How do essential oils work
is generally called the "emotional brain." The limbic device is

Table 1:- Flower Based Essential oils

Essential oil Chemical components
Rose oil Phenyl ethyl alcohol, nerol, geraniol, citronellol, demascenone
Jasmine oil Benzyl acetate, indole, cis-jasmone and methyl jasmonate
Tuberose oil Methyl benzoate, Methyl anthranilate, benzyl alcohol, butyric acid, nerol, geraniol,
eugenol, farnesol

Spider lily oil Benzyl Alcohol, Beta Myrcene, 3-Carene or Camphene or ocimene, Beta Pinene,
Camphene or Limonene, Trans- Citral or Cis-Citral, Linalool Acetate,
GeranylFormate, Isocaprolactone or Dihydro-3,5-Dimethyl-2-(3H)-Furanone
Marigold oil Limonene, Tagetone, Linalool, Ocimenone
Pot marigold (Calendula) oil Ester, Calendulin, triterpendiol ester, faradiol esters
Geranium oil Dimethyl sulphate, ethyl alcohol, diacetylpinayl, linalool, terpineol
Lotus oil Linalool, terpenen 4-01, 1,8 cineole, 1,4 –Dimethoxybenzene
Sage oil Linalool, linalyl acetate
Plumeria oil Limonene, Phynel acetaldehyde, αfarnesene
Magnolia oil 16 eudesmol, cadinol, guaiol
Champaka oil Linalool, methyl eugenol, methyl ester
YlangYlang oil Linalool, methyl eugenol, methyl ester
Lavender oil Linalool, linalyl acetate, ethylphenyl acetate
Chamomile oil pinene, camphene, b-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, y- terpinene, caryophyllene, and
propyl angelate and butyl angelate.
Verbena oil Limonene, 1,8-cineole, caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol

 Application in Aromatherapy Many plant life had been used in the aromatherapy, because of
Aromatherapy is based on the usage of aromatic materials, presence of vital or risky oils in extraordinary flowers materials
including essential oils, and other aroma compounds, with like flower, bark, stem, leaves, roots and fruits, etc. for e.g.
claims for improving psychological or physical well-being. Clary sage, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Lemon, Lavender,

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Volume 7, Issue 11, November – 2022
Peppermint, Rosemary, Roman chamomile, Tea tree, Ylang
ylang.
 Classification of Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy has been classified based on different
purpose as given below
 Cosmetic aromatherapy: This therapy utilizes certain vital
oils for skin, frame, face and hair cosmetic merchandise.
These products are used for cleaning, moisturizing, drying
and toning of skin. A healthy skin can be acquired with the
aid of use of crucial oils in facial products.
 Massage aromatherapy: Using grape seed, almond or
jojoba oil in pure vegetable oil at some point of massage has
been shown to have good result.
 Medical aromatherapy: Rene-Maurice Gattefosse has
used aromatic oils to rub down patients in the course of
surgical treatment, as a consequence utilising the scientific
aromatherapy expertise of the impact of essential oils on
selling and treating clinically recognized scientific illnesses.
 Olfactory aromatherapy: Inhalation of vital oils has given
upward thrust to olfactory aromatherapy, where easy
inhalation has resulted in more advantageous emotional
wellness, calmness, rest or rejuvenation of the human frame.
The discharge of stress is welded with gratifying scents
which unlock odor memories.
 Psycho-aromatherapy: The inhalation of the oils in this
therapy is direct though the infusion in the room of a
affected person. Psycho-aromatherapy and aromacology,
each deal with the look at and results of aroma be it herbal
or artificial. Psycho-aromatherapy has restrained itself with
have a look at of herbal important oils.
 Mode of application of aromatherapy
1. Bathing
Simply mixing of few drops to your tub water and blend it
earlier than submerging yourself. The aroma complements your
flow and allows bring about physicalstability.
2. Massage
Probable the excellent method of application is massage.
Mixing drops of oil with provider lotion can affects the frame
each psychologically and physiologically.
3. Vapour inhalation
When you keep in mind that many fragrant oils are
concept to relieve sinus or respiration troubles, steam inhalation
is a very well-known method. A rule of thumb for many oils is
to characteristic five drops to steaming water and inhale the
aroma with the aid of using towel tent.
4. Lotion/creams
Mix some drops of fragrant oil to lotion, massage oils or
cream which incorporates cocoa butter, shea butter or an
unscented lotion base to create your non-public fragrant mixture
to stimulate recovery homes.
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
5. Compress
Add some drops of favored oil to the bowl of heat water.
Dip a washcloth into the combo and wring out using the wash
cloth as a compress applies it to vicinity of the frame that need
ache remedy (which include belly, forhead, muscels and so
forth.).
C. Caution for using essential oil
 Essential oils should not be used in concentrated form. As
a general rule the concentration level of essential oils should
be below 5 %
 Patch test before using essential oil is necessary
 While using essential oil least amount should be used,
blending a few drops of essential oil with carrier oil
 Beware of the fake products
 Practice aromatherapy only under a qualified aromatherapy
practitioner
 Not to be used for babies or young children expect
chamomile oil
III. RESEARCH STUDY ON VARIOUS FLOWER
CROPS
 Jasmine
Stimulatory effects at the function of nervous gadget and
elevated betawave electricity (13–30 Hz) within the anterior
centre as well as the left posterior area and superb emotions with
respect to the feeling of well-being, active, fresh and romantic
have been improved and the poor emotions like feeling drowsy
became drastically reduced in individuals [7].
 Lavender
Inhalation of lavender oil 10 % (v/v) sifgnificantly
decreased systolic blood pressure (108.0 mmHg), diastolic
blood pressure (68.52 mmHg), heart rate (65.68 bpm) and skin
temperature (31.0 0 C) of 20 healthy persons [6], 10 % lavender
essence inhalation for 5 minutes reported 90 % satisfaction in
caesarean post-operative pain than placebo group (50 %
satisfaction) [4], decreased anxiety score with an increasing age
of dental patients [9].
 Geranium
Aromatherapy massage through 2 % geranium essential
oil blending in sweet almond oil for 30 minutes found beneficial
for reduction of depression symptoms in postmenopausal
women [3] while using damask rose essential oil on depression,
anxiety and stress in hemodialysis patients and reported that
inhalation of damask rose oil in aromatherapy decreased the
level of depression, anxiety and stress in hemodialysis patients
[1].
 Sweet Almond
Aromatherapy massage using blend of 2 % geranium
essential oil and sweet almond oil decreased physical and
mental symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as
compared to massage therapy and control [2].
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 Rosemary
Rosemary aromatherapy significantly improved short
term memory score (26.50) than pre-treatment score (24. 31) of
the elderly [8].
 Lavender + Chamomile
The effectiveness of aromatherapy massage using
lavender and chamomile oil on the anxiety and sleep quality of
burn patients was evaluated [5]. They observed that aromatic
oil massage using lavender and chamomile oil for 20 minutes
significantly reduced anxiety score (42.27 ± 3.25) and improved
sleep quality (8.45 ± 3.24) in patients with burn injury.
IV. CONCLUSION
From the foregoing discussion it can be concluded that,
aromatherapy regulates the physiological, spiritual and
psychological upliftment for the new phase of life. Inhalation of
lavender oil in aromatherapy helps to decrease blood pressure,
heart rate and skin temperature in human. Moreover, lavender
essential oil helps to reduce post-operative caesarean pain in
pregnant women as well as decrease the anxiety level and
improve sleep quality in patients having burn injury and dental
problems. Use of jasmine essential oils in aromatherapy
enhanced beta wave power in brain and thereby increased
positive emotions in human. Aromatherapy with 2 % geranium
oil was found effective for reduction of depression symptoms
in post-menopausal as well as premenstrual syndrome in
women. Depression anxiety and stress can be reduced by use of
damask rose oil inhalation. Short term memory can be improved
in elder person by using rosemary oil through aromatherapy.
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
[5]. F. Rafii, F. Ameri, H. Haghani and A. Ghobadi, “The
effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender and
chamomile oil on anxiety and sleep quality of patients
with burns,” J. Int. society burns injury. vol. 46, pp. 164 –
171, 2020.
[6]. W. Sayorwan, V. Siripornpanich, T. Piriyapunyaporn, T.
Hongratanaworakit, N. Kotchabhakdi and N.
Ruangrungsi, “The effects of lavender oil inhalation on
emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain
electrical activity,” J. Med. Assoc. Thai., vol. 95, pp. 598-
606, 2012.
[7]. W. Sayowan, V. Siripornpanich, T. Hongratanaworakit,
N. Kotchabhakdi and N. Ruangrungsi, “The effects of
jasmine oil inhalation on brain wave activies and
emotions,” J.Health Res., vol. 27, pp. 73-77, 2013.
[8]. N. Sulung and F. F. Aulia, “Effect of rosemary
aromatherapy (Rosmarinus officinalis) to memory of
short-term memory in elderly,” J. Endurance, vol. 3, pp.
247-252, 2018.
[9]. M. Venkataramana, K. V. N. R. Pratap, M. Padma, S.
Kalyan, A. A. Reddy and P. Sandhya, “Effect of
aromatherapy on dental patient anxiety: A randomized
controlled trial,” J. Indian. Assoc. Public. Health Dent.
vol. 14, pp. 131-4, 2016.

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