Review - Quiz - Correct - PDF 38 PAGES COOL

6/7/2019 Review Quiz
MATH 1280 Introduction to Statistics - Term 4, 2018-2019

Home ► My courses ► MATH 1280 - AY2019-T4 ► Final Exam (Days 1 - 4) ► Review Quiz
Started on Thursday, 6 June 2019, 11:49 AM

State Finished
Completed on Friday, 7 June 2019, 3:23 PM
Time taken 1 day 3 hours
Marks 134.00/136.00
Grade 98.53 out of 100.00
Information An automobile producing company operates car dealerships that sell its cars. In order to assess the service costumers get at
the dealerships a team from the Customer Relationship Department was assembled. The team was sent to 20 randomly
selected dealerships. Each dealership was visited once by the team for an entire working day. During a visit the team
interviewed all the customers that arrived at the that dealership.
One of the questions that each of the customers were asked is: "Do you currently possess a car made by our company?" The
answers were marked down as "Yes", "No", or "Refuse to Answer", depending on the customer's response.
Select the correct answer in each of the following 4 questions:
Question 1 The population in this survey is:

Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

1.00 a. The researchers that conducted the survey.
b. Customers that arrive at dealerships of the company.
c. The automobile producing company.
d. Owners of cars that are produced by the company.
Question 2 The sample in this survey is:

Correct

1.00 a. The team that conducted the survey.
b. Customers that arrive at dealerships of the company.
c. "Yes", "No", or "Refuse to Answer".
d. Customers that arrive at the selected dealerships during the day of visit.
Question 3 A parameter that may be targeted by this survey is:

Correct

1.00 a. The percentage of costumers that possess a car made by the company.
b. Customers that arrive at the selected dealerships during the day of visit.
c. "Yes", "No", or "Refuse to Answer".
d. Owners of cars that are produced by the company.
Question 4 A statistic that may be used to summarize the outcome of the survey is:
Correct

1.00 a. Chi-Square
b. Percentage
c. T-Test
d. Anova
https://my.uopeople.edu/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=1919472&cmid=174846 1/38
Information
The Customers Service Center of a large bank receive calls from customers. The number of incoming calls between 8:00 AM and
8:10 AM in consecutive days were recorded. The number of incoming calls during the working days of the month of September
were:
8, 10, 6, 7, 12, 7, 8, 7, 8, 6, 9, 4, 6, 14, 10, 10, 10, 10, 6, 10, 12, 7
The number of incoming calls during the working days of the month of February were:
9, 11, 14, 6, 4, 6, 7, 3, 3, 2, 5, 6, 6, 5, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3, 5.
Create two R objects, one by the name "Sep", and the other by the name "Feb". The rst object should contain the rst data and
the second object should contain the second data. Produce a frequency table (with the function "table") for each of the objects
and a bar plot (with the combination of the function "plot" and the function "table"). For comparison, bar plots like the one you
should obtain are presented in Figure 1.6. and Figure 1.7.
In light of the description given above, and based on the tables and/or the plots, select the correct answer in each of the
following 6 questions:
Question 5 The data used to produce the tables and plots is:
Correct

1.00 a. A population.
b. A sample.
c. A parameter.
d. A statistic.
Question 6 The average number of calls that arrived between 8:00 AM and 8:10 AM during the working days of all months is:
Correct

1.00 a. A population.
b. A sample.
c. A parameter.
d. A statistic.
Question 7 The average number of calls recorded in the object "Feb" is 5.85. The average in the object "Sep" is 8.5. The di erence between
Correct these two numbers is:
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. A population.
b. A sample.
c. A statistic.
d. None of the above.
Question 8 In which of the months the number of incoming calls between 8:00 AM and 8:10 AM tends to be smaller?
Correct

1.00 a. September.
b. February.
c. The number of incoming calls in both months is about the same.
d. One cannot answer the question based on the given data.
Question 9
The height of the forth bar from the left of the bar plot for the month of February represents the fact that?
Correct

1.00 a. In 4 of the days of the month of February there were 5 incoming calls.
b. In 5 of the days of the month of February there were 4 incoming calls.
c. In 4 of the days of the month of February there were 2 incoming calls.
d. In 2 of the days of the month of February there were 4 incoming calls.
Question 10 The location of the highest bar of the bar plot for the month of September represents the fact that?
Correct

1.00 a. 5 incoming calls came during 6 days of the month of February.
b. 6 incoming calls came during 10 days of the month of September.
c. 6 incoming calls came during 5 days of the month of February.
d. 10 incoming calls came during 6 days of the month of September.
Information The next two questions refer to the following relative frequency table on hurricanes that have made direct hits on the U.S.
between 1851 and 2004. Hurricanes are given a strength category rating based on the minimum wind speed generated by the
storm. (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gifs/table5.gif ) (ALTERNATE DOWNLOAD LINK)
Frequency of Hurricane Direct Hits

Category # Direct Hits Relative Freq. Cum. Relative Freq.
1 0.39930 0.3993
2 72
3 0.2601
4 0.0659
5 0.0110 1.0000
Question 11 What is the relative frequency of direct hits that were category 2 hurricanes?
Correct

1.00 a. 0.2637
b. 0.7363
c. 0.2601
d. Not enough information to calculate.
The total of all relative frequencies is 1.000. Denote by p the relative frequency of category 2 hurricanes. Observe that
0.3993 + p + 0.2601 + 0.0659 + 0.0110 = 1.0000
Consequently,
p = 1 - 0.3993 + 0.2601 + 0.0659 + 0.0110 = 1 - 0.7363 = 0.2637
Question 12 The relative frequency of direct hits that were AT LEAST a category 3 storm is 0.337 . (The numerical answer that you
Correct
provide should be of the form "0.xxxx", with four digits to the right of the zero.)
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00
The relative frequency of category 3 or more is the sum of the relative frequencies of categories 3, 4 , and 5:
0.2601 + 0.0659 + 0.0110 = 0.3370
Information
Sixty adults with gum disease were asked the number of times per week they used to oss before their diagnoses. The
(incomplete) results are shown below:
Flossing Frequency for Adults

with Gum Disease
# per Week Freq. Relative Freq. Cum. Relative Freq.
0 27 0.4500
1 18
3 0.9333
6 3
7 1 0.0167
Fill in the blanks in the table and answer the next two question: (The numerical answer that you provide should be of the form
"0.xxxx", with 4 digits to the right of the zero.)
Question 13 The relative frequency that ossed 6 times per week is:
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Answer: 0.05

1.00
It is given that the total number of adults with gum disease is 60. There are 3 such adults that ossed 6 times per week.
Therefore, the relative frequency is 3/60 = 0.0500
Question 14 The relative frequency that ossed at least once a week is:
Correct

1.00
The relative frequency of adults that do not oss at all is 0.4500. All other adults oss at least once a week. Their relative
frequency is 1.0000 - 0.4500 = 0.5500.
Information The number of malfunctioning products per production series was recorded for several production series. The data was
entered into an R object by the name "malfunction". The next 3 questions refer to the following R code:
Question 15
The sample size is:
Correct

1.00 a. 8
b. 9
c. 72
d. Not enough information to tell.
The object "freq" contain the table of frequency of the production series, divided according to the number of malfunctioning
products that they had. The cumulative frequency of all the production series that had 8 malfunctioning products or less, which
includes all production series, is reported under the number "8" in the output of the expression "cumsum(freq)". This number is
72.
Question 16 The frequency of production series where there are 4 malfunctioning products is:
Correct

1.00 a. 57
b. 9
c. 16
The cumulative frequency of production series that have 4 malfunctioning products or less is 57. The cumulative frequency of
production series that have 3 malfunctioning products or less or less is 41. The frequency of production series that have exactly
4 production series is the di erence between these two numbers: 57 - 41 = 16.
Question 17 The frequency of production series where there are less than 7 malfunctioning products is:
Correct

1.00 a. 70
b. 71
c. 72
Having less that 7 malfunctioning products corresponds to having 6 malfunctioning products or less. The cumulative frequency
of production series with 6 malfunctioning products or less is 70.
Information The le "ex2.csv" contains information on the blood pressure of a group of healthy individuals. The le is located in
http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~msby/StatThink/Datasets/ex2.csv. (ALTERNATE DOWNLOAD LINK) Read the data into R and answer
the following 4 questions:
Question 18
The number of variables is:
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Answer: 7

1.00
After saving the le "ex2.csv" in the working directory one can use the code
> ex2 <- read.csv("ex2.csv")
in order to read the le into a data frame by the name "ex2". Writing the content of the object to the screen will produce:
> ex2
id sex age bmi systolic diastolic group
1 3695908 FEMALE 34 28.78903 112.5887 64.84949 NORMAL
2 5778095 FEMALE 33 18.91321 122.9261 78.71555 NORMAL
3 5138370 MALE 32 27.66339 128.3985 86.57248 NORMAL
...
Question 19 The type of the variable "id" is:

Correct

1.00 a. numeric
b. factor
All the values are numbers. Technically, R treats this variable as a numeric sequence. However, one would typically not use this
variable for statistical inference. Usually, it serves as a key, a unique identi er, in data set management.
Question 20 The type of the variable "sex" is:

Correct

1.00 a. numeric
b. factor
Values are non-numeric: "MALE" and "FEMALE".
Question 21 The type of the variable "diastolic" is:

Correct

1.00 a. numeric
b. factor
All values are numeric.
Information A study was done to determine the age, type of activity, number of times per week and the duration (amount of time) of
resident use of a local park in San Jose. The rst house in the neighborhood around the park was selected randomly and then
every 8th house in the neighborhood around the park was interviewed. Answer the following 2 questions:
Question 22
"Age" is what type of data?
Correct

1.00 a. qualitative/factor
b. quantitative/numeric
Age is a numeric measurement.
Question 23 "Type of activity" is what type of data?

Correct

This variable obtains categorical values
Information Identify the type of data that would be used to describe a response for each of the items below:
Question 24 Number of tickets sold to a concert.

Correct

Question 25 Favorite baseball team.

Correct

Question 26 Number of students enrolled at Evergreen Valley College.

Correct

Question 27 Distance to the closest movie theater.

Correct

Question 28
Number of competing computer spreadsheet software packages.
Correct

Question 29
In Figure A you will nd box plots for three sets of data. In Figure B are the histograms for the same sets of data, but in a
Correct di erent order. Associate each box plot with its relative histogram.
Mark 1.00 out of Figure A:
1.00
Figure B:
Box plot 1 Histogram b
Box plot 2 Histogram a
Box plot 3 Histogram c
Observe the range of distribution each data: [10,40] in Histogram a, [-40,30] in Histogram b and [14,28] in Histogram c. (You
may want to increase the Plot. That can be done on many browsers with Control plus the "+" key. Or you may download the
gure an open it with a graphical application.)
Question 30
Consider the box plots in Figure A. Which of the data has a smaller inter-quartile range (IQR)?
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of

1.00
Figure A
Select one:
a. Box plot 1
b. Box plot 2
c. Box plot 3
d. Cannot tell based on the box plots.

The hight of the central box in Box-plot 3 is the least of the three.
Information For the next 3 question deal with the following data:
11.9, 11.0, 12.4, 16.9, 16.3, 13.3, 9.1, 17.0, 11.0, 9.3, 25.3, 17.4, 17.4
Question 31 The median is equal to:

Correct

1.00 a. 9.1
b. 13.3
c. 14.8
d. Cannot tell based on the given information.
Run the code: > x<-c(11.9,11.0,12.4,16.9,16.3,13.3,9.1, 17.0,11.0, 9.3,25.3,17.4,17.4) > median(x) [1] 13.3
Question 32
The largest value in the data is an outlier:
Correct

1.00 a. True
b. False
c. Cannot tell based on the given information.
Run the code: > x<-c(11.9,11.0,12.4,16.9,16.3,13.3,9.1, 17.0,11.0, 9.3,25.3,17.4,17.4) > boxplot(x) Observe, in the box plot that is
created, that there are no outliers.
Question 33 The smallest value in the data is an outlier:

Correct

1.00 a. True
b. False
c. Cannot tell based on the given information.
Run the code: > x<-c(11.9,11.0,12.4,16.9,16.3,13.3,9.1, 17.0,11.0, 9.3,25.3,17.4,17.4) > boxplot(x) Observe, in the box plot that is
created, that there are no outliers.
Question 34 Create an R data frame with the name "ex.2" that contains the data in the le "ex2.csv" (Select the le name to download it).
Correct
Compute the standard deviation of each of the numeric variables. Among the following, the variable with the largest standard
Mark 1.00 out of deviation is:
1.00

Select one:
a. age
b. bmi
c. systolic
d. diastolic

After saving the le in the working directory run the code:
> ex.2 <- read.csv("ex2.csv")
> sd(ex.2$age)
[1] 3.805571
> sd(ex.2$bmi)
[1] 3.881489
> sd(ex.2$systolic)
[1] 11.27262
> sd(ex.2$diastolic)
[1] 11.56522
Information
Twenty-one randomly selected students were asked the number of pairs of sneakers they owned. The number of pairs of
sneakers owned by each student was recorded in an R object by the name "x". The frequency table of the data "x" is:
> table(x) x
1 2 3 4 5 6
4 7 3 3 2 2
Based on this table compute:
Question 35 The sample mean ( ) is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x.val <- c(1,2,3,4,5,6) > freq <- c(4,7,3,3,2,2) > rel.freq <- freq/sum(freq) > x.bar <- sum(x.val*rel.freq) > x.bar [1] 2.904762
Question 36 The sample standard deviation (s) is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x.val <- c(1,2,3,4,5,6) > freq <- c(4,7,3,3,2,2) > rel.freq <- freq/sum(freq) > x.bar <- sum(x.val*rel.freq) > var.x <- sum((x.val-x.bar)^2*freq)/(sum
Question 37 The rst quartile (Q1) is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x.val <- c(1,2,3,4,5,6) > freq <- c(4,7,3,3,2,2) > rel.freq <- freq/sum(freq) > data.frame(x.val,cumsum(rel.freq)) x.val cumsum.rel.freq. 1 1 0.190476
Observe that more than 25% of the distribution has accumulated at value "2" but less than that at value "1".
Question 38 The median is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

that more than 50% of the distribution has accumulated at value "2" but less than that at value "1".
Question 39
The third quartile (Q3) is
Correct

1.00
Run the code:

that more than 75% of the distribution has accumulated at value "4" but less than that at value "3".
Question 40 The distribution is skewed to the left? (True or False)

Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Answer: False

1.00
Observe that the frequency of the values "1" and "2" is more than the frequency of the values "5" and "6".
Question 41 The relative frequency of the students that owned more than one but less than 5 sneakers is is
Correct

1.00
Compute: (7+3+3)/(4+7+3+3+2+2) = 0.6190476
Information Following are the possible weights (in pounds) of some football team members.
232, 251, 257, 268, 238, 222, 265, 263, 252, 246, 253, 248, 256, 248, 230, 219, 224, 267, 259, 254, 254, 261, 248, 221, 252, 269,
269, 273, 273, 259, 251, 222, 248, 224
Question 42 The sample mean ( ) is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x <- c(232,251,257,268,238,222,265,263,252,246,253,248,256,248,230,219,224,267,259,254,254, + 261,248,221,252,269,269,273,273,259,251,222,248,224) > m
Question 43 The sample standard deviation (s) is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x <- c(232,251,257,268,238,222,265,263,252,246,253,248,256,248,230,219,224,267,259,254,254, + 261,248,221,252,269,269,273,273,259,251,222,248,224) > s
Question 44
The rst quartile (Q1) is
Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x <- c(232,251,257,268,238,222,265,263,252,246,253,248,256,248,230,219,224,267,259,254,254, + 261,248,221,252,269,269,273,273,259,251,222,248,224) > s
Question 45 The median is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x <- c(232,251,257,268,238,222,265,263,252,246,253,248,256,248,230,219,224,267,259,254,254, + 261,248,221,252,269,269,273,273,259,251,222,248,224) > s
Question 46 The third quartile (Q3) is

Correct

1.00
Run the code:

> x <- c(232,251,257,268,238,222,265,263,252,246,253,248,256,248,230,219,224,267,259,254,254, + 261,248,221,252,269,269,273,273,259,251,222,248,224) > s
Question 47 The USC quarterback Matt Barkley weighed 220 pounds in the spring of 2010. How many standard deviations above or below
Correct the mean was he in comparison to the data given above? (Give the answer in the format x.xxx, without the plus/minus sign)
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Answer: 1.792765
Observe that: (220 - 249.294)/16.340 = -1.792778
Question 48 The following frequency table shows the lengths of 42 international phone calls using a $5 prepaid calling card. The data was
Correct stored in an object by the name "x":
Mark 1.00 out of x 4 14 24 34 44 54
1.00
2 6 13 13 6 2
Using the data, and without computing the mean and the median, determine which ONE of the answers is correct:
Select one:
a. The mean and the median are equal.
b. The mean is smaller than the median.
c. The mean is larger than the median.
Observe that the distribution is symmetric. The values are equally spaced and the frequencies evenly distibuted.
Question 49
Consider the following data set: 4, 6, 6, 12, 18, 18, 18, 200. What value is (approximately) 0.75 standard deviations below the
Correct mean?
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
a. There is not enough information
b. Approximately -15
c. Approximately 4
d. Approximately 34.5
Consider the code: > x <- c(4, 6, 6, 12, 18, 18, 18, 200) > mean(x) - 0.75*sd(x) [1] -14.87231
Information
In Chapter 3 the data frame "ex.2", which contained information associated to the blood pressure of a sample of 150 men and
women, was introduced. Let us assume that this sample was taken from an imaginary population of size 100,000 and let the
information for all the members of this population be stored in a CSV le by the name "pop2.csv".
Read the content of the population le into an data frame under the name "pop.2". Applying the function "summary" to this
data frame produces:
> summary(pop.2)
id sex age
Min. : 1000050 FEMALE:50032 Min. :20.00
1st Qu.: 3227517 MALE :49968 1st Qu.:32.00
Median : 5479268 Median :35.00
Mean : 5482739 Mean :34.98
3rd Qu.: 7721879 3rd Qu.:38.00
Max. : 9999889 Max. :54.00

bmi systolic diastolic
Min. : 9.986 Min. : 73.37 Min. : 24.77
1st Qu.:22.081 1st Qu.:116.33 1st Qu.: 72.62
Median :24.819 Median :124.64 Median : 81.27
Mean :24.984 Mean :125.02 Mean : 81.67
3rd Qu.:27.704 3rd Qu.:133.22 3rd Qu.: 90.30
Max. :46.232 Max. :191.65 Max. :152.34

group
HIGH :28126
LOW : 4215
NORMAL:67659
The variables in this data frame are the same variables that were included in the data frame "ex.2" of Chapter 3. The
variables that are included in this data frame are:
id:
A numerical variable. A 7 digits number that serves as a unique identi er of the subject.
sex:
A factor variable. The sex of each subject. The values are either "MALE" or "FEMALE".
age:
A numerical variable. The age of each subject.
bmi:
A numerical variable. The body mass index of each subject.
systolic:
A numerical variable. The systolic blood pressure of each subject.
diastolic:
A numerical variable. The diastolic blood pressure of each subject.
group:
A factor variable. The blood pressure category of each subject. The values are "NORMAL" both the systolic blood pressure is
within its normal range (between 90 and 139) and the diastolic blood pressure is within its normal range (between 60 and 89).
The value is "HIGH" if either measurements of blood pressure are above their normal upper limits and it is "LOW" if either
measurements are below their normal lower limits.
The next 6 questions correspond to a person that is sampled at random from this population. The answers below may be
rounded up to two decimal places.
Question 50
The median age in this sample was:
Correct

1.00
Run the code: > pop.2 <- read.csv("pop2.csv") > median(pop.2$age) [1] 35
Question 51 The variance of the diastolic blood pressure in this sample was:
Correct

1.00
Run the code: > pop.2 <- read.csv("pop2.csv") > var(pop.2$diastolic) [1] 171.6469
Question 52 The standard deviation of the di erence between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures was: 3.950757 (Hint: Observe
Correct
that the di erence " pop.2$systolic - pop.2$diastolic " produces the di erence between the two types of blood pressure for all the
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00
members in the population.)
Run the code: > pop.2 <- read.csv("pop2.csv") > sd(pop.2$systolic - pop.2$diastolic) [1] 3.950757
Question 53 The largest BMI value in this sample was:

Correct

1.00
You may ru the code:

> pop.2 <- read.csv("pop2.csv") > summary(pop.2$bmi) Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. 9.986 22.080 24.820 24.980 27.700 46.230 Or you
may use > max(pop.2$bmi) [1] 46.23199
Question 54 The probability that someone sampled from this data will have normal blood pressure is:
Correct

1.00
Run the code: > pop.2 <- read.csv("pop2.csv") > summary(pop.2$group) HIGH LOW NORMAL 28126 4215 67659 There are 67,659 individuals that
are classi ed as "NORMAL" among the total population of 100,000. Hence, the probability is 0.67659.
Question 55
Mark the following statement as either TRUE or FALSE: The standard deviation of the di erence between the systolic and
Correct diastolic blood pressures is equal to the di erence between the standard deviation of systolic blood pressure and the standard
Mark 1.00 out of deviation of diastolic blood pressure False .
1.00
Run the code:

> pop.2 <- read.csv("pop2.csv") > sd(pop.2$systolic - pop.2$diastolic) [1] 3.950757 > sd(pop.2$systolic) - sd(pop.2$diastolic) [1] -0.6111588
Information
The
Distribution
of Y
Value Probability
1.5 0.15
4
5.5 0.10
6 0.23
7.5 0.11
10 0.05
Complete the probabilities of the random variable Y in above table and compute
Question 56 P(Y < 5) equals

Correct

1.00
The missing probability is equal to 1 -(0.15 + 0.1 + 0.23 + 0.11 + 0.05) = 0.36 The event in question involves the values 1.5 and 4.
Hence P(Y < 5) = 0.15 + 0.36 = 0.51.
Question 57 P(Y not an integer) equals

Correct

1.00
The missing probability is equal to 1 -(0.15 + 0.1 + 0.23 + 0.11 + 0.05) = 0.36 The event in question involves the values 1.5 and 5.5
and 7.5. Hence P(not an integer) = 0.15 + 0.10 + 0.11 = 0.36.
Question 58 E(Y) equals

Correct

1.00
The missing probability is equal to 1 -(0.15 + 0.1 + 0.23 + 0.11 + 0.05) = 0.36 Run the code:
> Y.val <- c(1.5,4,5.5,6,7.5,10) > P.val <- c(0.15,0.36,0.1,0.23,0.11,0.05) > sum(Y.val*P.val) [1] 4.92
Question 59
The standard deviation of Y is equal to
Correct

1.00
The missing probability is equal to 1 -(0.15 + 0.1 + 0.23 + 0.11 + 0.05) = 0.36 Run the code:
> Y.val <- c(1.5,4,5.5,6,7.5,10) > P.val <- c(0.15,0.36,0.1,0.23,0.11,0.05) > E <- sum(Y.val*P.val) > Var <- sum((Y.val-E)^2*P.val) > sqrt(Var) [1] 2.09
Information One selects an integer between 1 and 9 (including 1 and 9) at random. Let X be a random variable that obtains as a value the
integer that was selected. The following questions correspond to this random variable.
The
Distribution
of X
Value Probability

Complete table of distribution of X and compute:
Question 60 E(X) is equal to

Correct

1.00
The values of the random variables are the integers between 1 and 9 and the probability of each value is 1/9 In order to
compute the expectation run the code: > X.val <- c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) > P.val <- c(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)/9 > sum(X.val*P.val) [1] 5
Question 61 The variance of X is equal to

Correct

1.00
compute the variance run the code:
> X.val <- c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) > P.val <- c(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)/9 > E <- sum(X.val*P.val) > sum((X.val-E)^2*P.val) [1] 6.666667
Question 62
The standard deviation of X is equal to
Correct

1.00
compute the variance run the code:
> X.val <- c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) > P.val <- c(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)/9 > E <- sum(X.val*P.val) > Var <- sum((X.val-E)^2*P.val) > sqrt(Var) [1] 2.581989
Information Suppose that you are o ered the following "deal." An impartial person selects an integer between 1 and 9 at random and you
try to guess beforehand which number will be selected. If you guess wrong then you pay $1 and if you guess right then you win
$10. Call the outcome of the game your "gain." (Note that if you pay money then your gain is negative.)
Question 63 In this game your probability of winning is

Correct

1.00 a. Larger than your probability of losing.
b. Smaller than your probability of losing.
c. Equal to your probability of losing.
d. Unknown.
You select a number. The probability that the speci c number that you have selected will turn out is 1/9. The probability that
you miss is 8/9.
Question 64 The expected gain in this game is

Correct

1.00
You select a number. The probability that the speci c number that you have selected will turn out is 1/9. The probability that
you miss is 8/9. Let X be the gain from the gain. The gain is 10 if you win (with probability 1/9) and -1 if you loose (with
probability 8/9). The expectation is E(X) = 10/9 + (-1)*8/9 = 2/9 = 0.2222
Information Approximately 85% of statistics students do their homework in time for it to be collected and graded. Let X be the number
students that submit their homework in time out of a statistics class of 70 students. The following 4 questions refer to this X.
(The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value.)
Question 65
The sample space of X is:
Correct

1.00 a. The numbers between 0 and 1.
b. The integers between (and including) 0 and 70.
c. The collection {0, 1,...,85}
d. The collection {"Submit on time", "Do not submit on time"}.
The possible outcome of X, the number of students out of 70 that submit their homework, is an integer and the range of values
starts at 0 (no one submits) and ends in 70 (all submit).
Question 66 The probability that less than 60 of the 70 students will do their homework on time is:
Correct

1.00
Less that 60 means 59 or less. The probability P(X ≤ 59) can be computed with the code: > pbinom(59,70,0.85) [1] 0.4842268
Question 67 The expectation of X is:

Correct

1.00
The expectation of X is equal to n * p = 70 * 0.85 = 59.5
Question 68 The standard deviation of X is:

Correct

1.00
The variance of X is n * p * (1-p) = 70 * 0.85 * 0.15 = 8.925. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, namely
2.987474. The correct answer is: 2.987474.
Information In Chapter 1 it was claimed that when tossing a fair coin 4 times it is quite likely to not obtain 2 heads and 2 tails. However,
when tossing a fair coin 4,000 times one should expect to obtain number of tails in the range between 1940 and 2060. Let us
compare the situation for 2 versus 2,000 coins. Let X be the number of heads when tossing a fair coin 2 times and let Y be the
number of heads when tossing a fair coin 2,000 times. (The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value).
Question 69 P( X = 1) is equal to
Correct

1.00
The distribution of X is Binomial(2,0.5). The probability P(X = 1) can be computed with the code > dbinom(1,2,0.5) [1] 0.5
Question 70
P(X is not equal to 1) is
Correct

1.00
If P(X = 1) = 0.5 then the complementary probability (X is not equal to 1) is equal to 1 - P(X = 1) = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5
Question 71 P(Y is not equal to 1,000) is

Incorrect

1.00
If P(Y = 1000) = 0.01783901 then the complementary probability (Y is not equal to 1000) is equal to 1 - P(Y = 1000) = 1 -
0.01783901 = 0.982161
Question 72 P(Y = 1,000) is equal to

Incorrect

1.00
The distribution of Y is Binomial(2000,0.5). The probability P(Y = 1000) can be computed with the code
> dbinom(1000,2000,0.5) [1] 0.01783901
Question 73 P(940 ≤ Y ≤ 1,060) is equal to

Correct

1.00
The probability P(940 ≤ Y ≤ 1,060) is equal to the di erence between P(Y ≤ 1,060) and the probability P(Y < 940). The letter
probability is equal to P(Y ≤ 939). This di erence can be computed with the code:
> pbinom(1060,2000,0.5) - pbinom(939,2000,0.5) [1] 0.9931974
Question 74 E(X) is equal to

Correct

1.00
The expectation of X is equal to n * p = 2 * 0.5 = 1
Question 75
The standard deviation of X is equal to
Correct

1.00
The variance of X is equal to n * p * (1-p) = 2 * 0.5 * 0.5 = 0.5. The standard deviation is the square root of 0.5, which is equal to
0.7071068
Question 76 E(Y) is equal to

Correct

1.00
The expectation of Y is equal to n * p = 2000 * 0.5 = 1000
Question 77 The standard deviation of Y is equal to

Correct

1.00
The variance of Y is equal to n * p * (1-p) = 2000 * 0.5 * 0.5 = 500. The standard deviation is the square root of 500, which is
equal to 22.36068
Information Meiosisis the process in which a diploid cell that contains two copies of the genetic material produces an haploid cell with only
one copy (sperms and eggs). The resulting molecule of genetic material is linear molecule that is composed of consecutive
segments: a segment that originated from one of the two copies followed by a segment from the other copy and vice versa. The
border points between segments are called points of crossover. The Haldane model for crossovers states that the number of
crossovers between two loci on the genome has a Poisson(λ) distribution. Assume that the expected number of crossovers
between two loci in a xed period of time is 2.25.The next 3 questions refer to this model for crossovers. (The answer may be
rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value.)
Question 78 The probability of obtaining exactly 4 crossovers between the two loci is
Correct

1.00
The number of crossovers has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 2.25. The probability of exactly 4 crossovers can be
computed with the code: > dpois(4,2.25) [1] 0.1125528
Question 79
The probability of obtaining at least 4 crossovers between the two loci is
Correct

1.00
The number of crossovers has a Poisson distribution with parameter λ = 2.25. The probability of at least 4 crossovers can be
computed as the di erence between 1 and the probability of 3 or less crossovers. The computation can be conducted with the
code: > 1 - ppois(3,2.25) [1] 0.1905669
Question 80 A recombination between two loci occurs if the number of crossovers is odd. The probability of recombination between the two
Correct loci is, approximately, equal to 0.4944251 (Compute the probability of recombination approximately using the function
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 "dpois". Ignore odd values larger than 9)
Values (not larger than 9) that lead to recombination are 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The probability of these values for the Poisson
distribution with parameter that is equal to λ = 2.25 can be computed with the code: > sum(dpois(c(1,3,5,7,9),2.25)) [1] 0.4944251
Information The amount of time, in minutes, that a person must wait for a bus is uniformly distributed between 0 and 17 minutes,
inclusive. The next 3 questions refer to this waiting time. (The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual
value.)
Question 81 The probability that a person waits fewer than 12.5 minutes is
Correct

1.00
Let the X be the length of time the person waits. The distribution of X is Uniform(0,17). The probability P(X ≤ 12.5) can be
computed with the code > punif(12.5,0,17) [1] 0.7352941
Question 82 The expectation of the waiting time is

Correct

1.00
Let the X be the length of time the person waits. The distribution of X is Uniform(0,17). The expectation of x is equal to (a+b)/2 =
(0+17)/2 = 8.5
Question 83 The standard deviation of the waiting time is

Correct

1.00
Let the X be the length of time the person waits. The distribution of X is Uniform(0,17). The variance of x is equal to (b-a)^2/12 =
(17-0)^2/12 = 24.08333. . The standard deviation is the square root of the variance and is equal to 4.907477
Information
Let X be amount of time (in minutes) a postal clerk spends with his/her customer. Assume that X has an Exponential(λ)
distribution and that E(X) = 7 minutes. The next 3 questions refer to this waiting time. (The answer may be rounded up to 3
decimal places of the actual value.)
Question 84 The rate λ is equal to

Correct

1.00
The expectation in the Exponential distribution is the reciprocal of the parameter λ.Consequently, the parameter λ is equal to
the inverse of the expectation: λ = 1/E(X). The expectation E(X) = 7, hence λ = 1/7 = 0.1428571
Question 85 The probability that a clerk spends between four to ve minutes with a randomly selected customer is
Correct

1.00
Let the distribution of X be Exponential(1/7). The probability P(4 ≤ X ≤ 5) is equal to the di erence between P(X ≤ 5) and the
probability P(X < 4). The letter probability is equal to P(X ≤ 4), since the distribution is continuous. This di erence can be
computed with the code: > pexp(5,1/7)-pexp(4,1/7) [1] 0.07517646
Question 86 The probability that a clerk spends more than 10 minutes with a customer is
Correct

1.00
Let the distribution of X be Exponential(1/7). The probability P(10 < X) is equal to the di erence between 1 and the probability
P(X ≤ 10). This di erence can be computed with the code: > 1-pexp(10,1/7) [1] 0.2396510
Information According to some study, the height for Northern European adult males is normally distributed with an average of 181
centimeter and a standard deviation of 7.3 centimeter. Suppose such an adult male is randomly chosen. Let X be height of that
person. The next 3 questions correspond to this information. The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual
value.
Question 87 The probability that the person is between 160 and 170 centimeters is
Correct

1.00
2
The distribution of X is Normal(181,(7.3) ). The Probability of the interval is equal to the di erence between P(X ≤ 170) and P(X ≤
160) > pnorm(170,181,7.3) - pnorm(160,181,7.3) [1] 0.06391543
Question 88
The probability that the person is higher than 190 centimeter is
Correct

1.00
2
The distribution of X is Normal(181,(7.3) ). The Probability of being larger than 190 is equal to the di erence between 1 and P(X
≤ 190) > 1 - pnorm(190,181,7.3) [1] 0.1088109
Question 89 The middle 60% of heights fall between what two values?
Correct

1.00 a. (171.6, 190.4)
b. (173.4, 188.6)
c. (174.9, 187.1)
d. (176.1, 185.7)
2
The distribution of X is Normal(181,(7.3) ). The central region that contains 60% of the distribution is the region between the
0.2-percentile and the 0.8-percentile > qnorm(0.2,181,7.3) [1] 174.8562 > qnorm(0.8,181,7.3) [1] 187.1438
Information Terri Vogel, an amateur motorcycle racer, averages 129.71 seconds per 2.5 mile lap (in a 7 lap race) with a standard deviation of
2.28 seconds . The distribution of her race times is normally distributed. We are interested in one of her randomly selected laps.
The next 4 questions correspond to this information. The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value:
Question 90 The proportion (a number between 0 and 1) of her laps that are completed in less than 125 seconds is
Correct

1.00
2
The distribution of a random lap is Normal(129.71,(2.28) ). The Probability of being less or equal than 125 is
> pnorm(125,129.71,2.28) [1] 0.01942418
Question 91 The fastest 10% of her laps are completed under how many seconds?
Correct

1.00
2
The distribution of a random lap is Normal(129.71,(2.28) ). The fastest 10% of the laps are completed under the 0.1-percentile
of the given probability. This percentile is > qnorm(0.1,129.71,2.28) [1] 126.7881
Question 92
The middle 90% of her laps are from a seconds to b seconds. Then a is equal to
Correct

1.00
2
The distribution of a random lap is Normal(129.71,(2.28) ). The central region that contains 90% is [a,b], where a is equal to the
0.05-percentile of the distribution > qnorm(0.05,129.71,2.28) [1] 125.9597
Question 93 The middle 90% of her laps are from a seconds to b seconds. Then b is equal to
Correct

1.00
2
The distribution of a random lap is Normal(129.71,(2.28) ). The central region that contains 90% is [a,b], where a is equal to the
0.95-percentile of the distribution > qnorm(0.95,129.71,2.28) [1] 133.4603
Information Suppose that Ricardo and Anita attend the same college. Ricardo's GPA is better than 30% of his school mates but worse than
the other 70%. Anita's GPA is 0.60 standard deviations below her school average. All the students that were at least one
standard deviation above the mean obtained an "A" or an "A+" score, which corresponded to about 16% of the students.
Assume GPA are Normally distributed. For each of the following sentences mark one of the options:
Question 94 Ricardo's GPA is lower than Anita's GPA.

Correct

1.00 a. Always True
b. May either be True or False
c. Always False
Ricardo's GPA corresponds to the 0.3-percentile of the students. This score is -0.5244005 standards deviations below the
average since, if we consider standardized z-scores we get > qnorm(0.3) [1] -0.5244005 According to the information in the
question Anita's GPA is 0.6 standard deviations below the average. Consequently, her z-score is -0.6, which is lower than
Ricardo's.
Question 95 Ricardo's z-score is below zero.

Correct

1.00 a. Always True
c. Always False
Ricardo's GPA corresponds to the 0.3-percentile of the students. This score is 0.5244005 standards deviations below the
average since, if we consider standardized z-scores we get > qnorm(0.3) [1] -0.5244005 The resulting z-score is negative.
Question 96
The standard deviation of the GPA is approximately equal to 0.16.
Correct

1.00 a. Always True
c. Always False
There is no information in the question that tels us what is the standard deviation of the GPA. The number 0.16 in the question
refers to a probability, not to the standard deviation.
Information Some measurement on a population has a Normal distribution with expectation of 1000 and standard deviation of 150. We
denote de di erence between the 0.75-percentile and the 0.25-percentile the Interquartile Range. Identify a measurement
value as outlier if it is larger than the 0.75-percentile plus 1.5 times the interquartile range or it is smaller than the the 0.25-
percentile minus 1.5 times the interquartile range. The next 5 questions correspond to this information. The answer may be
rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value:
Question 97 The 0.25-percentile of the measurement is

Correct

1.00
2
The distribution of the measurement is Normal(1000,(150) ). The 0.25 percentile of the measurement is
> qnorm(0.25,1000,150) [1] 898.8265
Question 98 The 0.75-percentile of the measurement is

Correct

1.00
2
he distribution of the measurement is Normal(1000,(150) ). The 0.75-percentile of the measurement is
> qnorm(0.75,1000,150) [1] 1101.173
Question 99 The interquartile range of the measurement is

Correct

1.00
The inter-quartile range is the di erence between the 0.75-percentile (Q3) and the 0.25-percentile (Q1). That is, 1101.173 -
898.8265 = 202.3465
Question 100
The probability that a random measurement will be identi ed as outlier is
Correct

1.00
The upper threshold for the identi cation of an outlier is Q3 + 1.5*(Q3 - Q1). The probability of being above this threshold is
equal to the probability of being below the lower threshold. The probability of identifying an outlier twice the probability of
being above the upper threshold > u <- 1101.173 + 1.5*202.3465 > 2*(1-pnorm(u,1000,150)) [1] 0.006976757 This is the same probability
that we found in Subsection 6.2.4
Question 101 Denote the probability of an outlier that was computed in the previous question by p. Consider a di erent Normal
Correct measurement that has a di erent mean and di erent standard deviation than the measurement that was considered before. In
Mark 1.00 out of the context of the current measurement, the probability of a random measurement to be identi ed as and outlier is:
1.00
Select one:
a. Necessarily larger than p.
b. Necessarily smaller than p.
c. Necessarily the same as p.
d. Can be larger or smaller than p.
If the mean or the standard change then the quartiles and the inter-quartile range change accordingly. In terms of the z-scores,
the computation reduces to the computation that was presented in Subsection 6.2.4.
Information The patient recovery time from a particular surgical procedure is normally distributed with a mean of 5.3 days and a standard
deviation of 2.1 days. The next 4 questions correspond to this information.
Question 102 What is the inter-quartile range of the recovery time? (Choose the closest possibility.)
Correct

1.00 a. 2.8
b. 5.3
c. 7.4
d. 2.1
The distribution is Normal with expectation of 5.3 and standard deviation of 2.1. The inter-quartile range is the di erence
between the 0.75-percentile (Q3) and the 0.25-percentile (Q1). > qnorm(0.75,5.3,2.1) - qnorm(0.25,5.3,2.1) [1] 2.832857
Question 103 What is the z-score for a patient who takes 6 days to recover? (Choose the closest possibility.)
Correct

1.00 a. 1.5
b. 0.3
c. 2.2
d. 7.3
The distribution is Normal with expectation of 5.3 and standard deviation of 2.1. The z-score of the value 10 is equal to (6 -
5.3)/2.1 = 0.3333333
Question 104
What is the probability of spending less than 2 days in recovery? (Choose the closest possibility.)
Correct

1.00 a. 0.0580
b. 0.8447
c. 0.0553
d. 0.9420
The distribution is Normal with expectation of 5.3 and standard deviation of 2.1. The probability of being below 2 is
> pnorm(2,5.3,2.1) [1] 0.05804157
Question 105 The 32th percentile for recovery times is?

Correct

1.00 a. 8.89
b. 7.07
c. 7.99
d. 4.32
The distribution is Normal with expectation of 5.3 and standard deviation of 2.1. The 32th percentile for recovery times is
> qnorm(0.32,5.3,2.1) [1] 4.317833
Information Let the distribution of X be Binomial(150,0.8). The next 4 questions correspond to this information. The answer may be rounded
up to 3 decimal places of the actual value:
Question 106 The probability P(121 < X ≤ 129) is equal to

Correct

1.00
The probability P(121 < X ≤ 129) is equal to the di erence P(X ≤ 129) - P(X ≤ 121). The di erence is equal to
> pbinom(129,150,0.8) - pbinom(121,150,0.8) [1] 0.3645757
Question 107 The Normal approximation (without continuity correction) of the probability P(121 < X ≤ 129) is equal to
Correct

1.00
The probability P(121 < X ≤ 129) is equal to the di erence P(X ≤ 129) - P(X ≤ 121). In the Normal approximation we substitute
the Binomial distribution with the Normal distribution that has the same expectation and variance. The expectation of the
Binomial is 150*0.8 and the variance is 150*0.8*0.2. The approximation produces
> mu <- 150*0.8 > sig <- sqrt(150*0.8*0.2) > pnorm(129,mu,sig) - pnorm(121,mu,sig) [1] 0.3860320
Question 108
The Normal approximation (with continuity correction) of the probability P(121< X ≤ 129) is equal to
Correct

1.00
The probability P(121 < X ≤ 129) involves the values {122, 123, ..., 129}. In the Normal approximation we substitute the Binomial
distribution with the Normal distribution that has the same expectation and variance. The expectation of the Binomial is
150*0.8 and the variance is 150*0.8*0.2. The continuity correction involves the consideration of intervals of radius 0.5 about
each value. The di erence to be considered is P(X ≤ 129.5) - P(X ≤ 121.5). The approximation produces
> mu <- 150*0.8 > sig <- sqrt(150*0.8*0.2) > pnorm(129.5,mu,sig) - pnorm(121.5,mu,sig) [1] 0.3534917
Question 109 The Poisson approximation of the probability P(121 < X ≤ 129) is equal to
Correct

1.00
The probability P(121 < X ≤ 129) is equal to the di erence P(X ≤ 129) - P(X ≤ 121). In the Poisson approximation we substitute
the Binomial distribution with the Poisson distribution that has the same expectation. The expectation of the Binomial is
150*0.8. The approximation produces > lam <- 150*0.8 > ppois(129,lam) - ppois(121,lam) [1] 0.2478270
Information Let the distribution of X be Binomial(15,0.8). The next 4 questions correspond to this information. The answer may be rounded
up to 3 decimal places of the actual value:
Question 110 The probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) is equal to

Correct

1.00
The probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) is equal to the di erence P(X ≤ 16) - P(X ≤ 13). The di erence is equal to
> pbinom(16,15,0.8) - pbinom(13,15,0.8) [1] 0.1671258
Question 111 The Normal approximation (without continuity correction) of the probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) is equal to
Correct

1.00
The probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) is equal to the di erence P(X ≤ 16) - P(X ≤ 13). In the Normal approximation we substitute the
Binomial distribution with the Normal distribution that has the same expectation and variance. The expectation of the Binomial
is 15*0.8 and the variance is 15*0.8*0.2. The approximation produces
> mu <- 15*0.8 > sig <- sqrt(15*0.8*0.2) > pnorm(16,mu,sig) - pnorm(13,mu,sig) [1] 0.2543909
Question 112
The Normal approximation (with continuity correction) of the probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) is equal to
Correct

1.00
The probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) involves the values {14, 15, 16}. In the Normal approximation we substitute the Binomial
distribution with the Normal distribution that has the same expectation and variance. The expectation of the Binomial is 15*0.8
and the variance is 15*0.8*0.2. The continuity correction involves the consideration of intervals of radius 0.5 about each value.
The di erence to be considered is P(X ≤ 16.5) - P(X ≤ 13.5). The approximation produces
> mu <- 15*0.8 > sig <- sqrt(15*0.8*0.2) > pnorm(16.5,mu,sig) - pnorm(13.5,mu,sig) [1] 0.164623
Question 113 The Poisson approximation of the probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) is equal to
Correct

1.00
The probability P(13 < X ≤ 16) is equal to the di erence P(X ≤ 16) - P(X ≤ 13). In the Poisson approximation we substitute the
Binomial distribution with the Poisson distribution that has the same expectation. The expectation of the Binomial is 15*0.8.
The approximation produces > lam <- 15*0.8 > ppois(16,lam) - ppois(13,lam) [1] 0.2171734
Information Recall that the population average of the heights in the le "pop1.csv" is μ = 170.035. Using simulation it can be shown that the
probability of the sample average of the height falling within 2 centimeter of the population average is approximately equal to
0.925. From the simulations we also got that the standard deviation of the sample average is (approximately) equal to 1.122. In
the next 3 questions you are asked to apply the Normal approximation to the distribution of the sample average using this
information. The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value:
Question 114 Using the Normal approximation, the probability that sample average of the heights falls within 2 centimeter of the population
Correct average is
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Answer: 0.9253374
Using the Normal approximation, the computation of a probability associated with the random variable is conducted with the
functions of the Normal distribution for the same expectation and standard deviation as the original distribution. The
expectation is μ = 170.035. The standard deviation is σ = 1.122. The event corresponds to the interval [μ - 2, &mu + 2].
Therefore, the approximated probability is > mu <- 170.035 > sig <- 1.122 > pnorm(mu+2,mu,sig) - pnorm(mu-2,mu,sig) [1] 0.9253374
Question 115 Using the Normal approximation we get that the central region that contains 90% of the distribution of the sample average is of
Correct the form 170.035 ± z · 1.122. The value of z is
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Answer: 1.644854
The structure of the central region that contains 90% of the Normal distribution is μ ± qnorm(0.95) · σ. However, μ = 170.035 and
σ = 1.122. Therefore, z = qnorm(0.95) = 1.644854.
Question 116
Using the Normal approximation, the probability that sample average of the heights is less than 169 is
Correct

1.00
Using the Normal approximation, the computation of a probability associated with the random variable is conducted with the
functions of the Normal distribution for the same expectation and standard deviation as the original distribution. The
expectation is μ = 170.035. The standard deviation is σ = 1.122. The event corresponds to the values less than 169. Therefore,
the approximated probability is > mu <- 170.035 > sig <- 1.122 > pnorm(169,mu,sig) [1] 0.1781444
Question 117 According to the Internal Revenue Service, the average length of time for an individual to complete (record keep, learn, prepare,
Correct copy, assemble and send) IRS Form 1040 is 10.53 hours (without any attached schedules). The distribution is unknown. Let us
Mark 1.00 out of assume that the standard deviation is 2 hours. Suppose we randomly sample 36 taxpayers and compute their average time to
1.00 completing the forms. Then the probability that the average is less than 10 hours is approximately equal to (The answer may be
rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value)
Answer: 0.0559174
Applying the Central Limit Theorem we carry out the computation using the Normal distribution with the same expectation and
standard deviation as the sample average. The expectation of the sample average is equal to the expectation of a single
measurement (10.53) and the standard deviation is equal to the standard deviation of a single measurement (2), divided by the
square root of the number of observations (36). Consequently, the approximate probability is
> pnorm(10,10.53,2/sqrt(36)) [1] 0.0559174
Information Suppose that a category of world class runners are known to run a marathon (26 miles) in an expectation of 145 minutes with a
standard deviation of 14 minutes. Consider 49 random races. In the next 3 questions you are asked to apply the Normal
approximation to the distribution of the sample average using this information. The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal
places of the actual value:
Question 118 The probability that the runner will average between 143 and 145 minutes in these 49 marathons is
Correct

1.00
measurement (145) and the standard deviation is equal to the standard deviation of a single measurement (14), divided by the
square root of the number of observations (49). Consequently, the approximate probability is
> pnorm(145,145,14/sqrt(49))- pnorm(143,145,14/sqrt(49)) [1] 0.3413447
Question 119
The 0.90-percentile for the average of these 49 marathons is
Correct

1.00
square root of the number of observations (49). Consequently, the approximate 0.9-percentile is
> qnorm(0.9,145,14/sqrt(49)) [1] 147.5631
Question 120 The inter-quartile range of the average running time is

Correct

1.00
square root of the number of observations (49). Consequently, the approximate 0.25-percentile (Q1) is the 0.25-percentile of
the the appropriate Normal distribution. The same holds for the 0.75-percentile (Q3). The inter-quartile range is the di erence
between these two numbers > qnorm(0.75,145,14/sqrt(49)) - qnorm(0.25,145,14/sqrt(49)) [1] 2.697959
Question 121 The time to wait for a particular rural bus is distributed uniformly from 0 to 25 minutes. 25 riders are randomly sampled and
Correct their waiting times measured. The 90th percentile of the average waiting time (in minutes) computed for the sample is
Mark 1.00 out of (approximately):
1.00
Select one:
a. 210.0
b. 26.9
c. 14.3
d. 13.2
2
The expectation of the Uniform(0,25) distribution is 25/2 = 12.5 and the variance is 25 /12 = 52.08333. Applying the Central
Limit Theorem we carry out the computation using the Normal distribution with the same expectation and standard deviation
as the sample average. The expectation of the sample average is equal to the expectation of a single measurement (12.5) and
the standard deviation is equal to the standard deviation of a single measurement (7.216878 = the square root of 52.08333),
divided by the square root of the number of observations (25). Consequently, the approximate 0.90-percentile is
> qnorm(0.90,12.5,7.216878/sqrt(25)) [1] 14.34976
Information A switching board receives a random number of phone calls. The expected number of calls is 7.4 per minute. Assume that
distribution of the number of calls is Poisson. The average number of calls per minute is recorded by counting the total number
of calls received in one hour, divided by 60, the number of minutes in an hour. In the next 4 questions you are asked to apply
the Normal approximation to the distribution of the sample average using this information. The answer may be rounded up to
3 decimal places of the actual value:
Question 122
The expectation of the average is
Correct

1.00
The expectation of the sample average is equal to the expectation of a single measurement, which is 7.4 in this example.
Question 123 The standard deviation of the average is

Correct

1.00
The variance in the Poisson distribution is equal to the expectation. The standard deviation of the sample average is equal to
the standard deviation of a single measurement (2.720294 = the square root of 7.4), divided by the square root of the number
of observations (60). The resulting standard deviation is 0.3511885.
Question 124 The probability that the average is less than 7

Correct

1.00
standard deviation as the sample average. The expectation of the sample average is equal to 7.4 and the standard deviation is
equal to 0.3511885. Consequently, the approximate probability is > pnorm(7,7.4,0.3511885) [1] 0.1273538
Question 125 The probability that number of calls in a random minute is less than 7 is 0.3919617 . (Note, the question is with resect to a
Correct
random minute, and not the average.)
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00
The distribution of the number of calls in a random minute is Poisson(7.4). The event of less than 7 calls corresponds to the
events of 6 calls or less. Consequently, > ppois(6,7.4) [1] 0.3919617
Information It is claimed that the expected length of time some computer part may work before requiring a reboot is 3.5 months. In order
to examine this claim 70 identical parts are set to work. Assume that the distribution of the length of time the part can work (in
months) is Exponential. In the next 4 questions you are asked to apply the Normal approximation to the distribution of the
average of the 70 parts that are examined. The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value:
Question 126 The expectation of the average is

Correct

1.00
The expectation of the sample average is equal to the expectation of a single measurement, which is 3.5 in this example.
Question 127
The standard deviation of the average is
Correct

1.00
2
The variance in the Exponential(λ) distribution is equal to 1/λ . Since the expectation is 1/λ, we get that the variance is equal to
2
the square of the expectation, which is 3.5 . The standard deviation of the sample average is equal to the standard deviation of
2
a single measurement (3.5 = the square root of 3.5 ), divided by the square root of the number of observations (70). The
resulting standard deviation is 0.41833.
Question 128 The central region that contains 90% of the distribution of the average is of the form E(X) ± c, where E(X) is the expectation of
Correct the sample average. The value of c is
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Answer: 0.6880918
The structure of the central region that contains 90% of the Normal distribution is μ ± qnorm(0.95) · σ. However, μ = E(X), σ =
0.41833 and qnorm(0.95) = 1.644854. Consequently, c = qnorm(0.95) · σ = 1.644854 · 0.41833 = 0.6880918
Question 129 The probability that the average is more than 4 months is
Correct

1.00
standard deviation as the sample average. The expectation of the sample average is equal to 3.5 and the standard deviation is
equal to 0.41833. The probability of being more than 4 is equal to the di erence between one and the probability of being less
or equal 4. Consequently, the approximate probability is > 1 - pnorm(4,3.5,0.41833) [1] 0.1159989
Question 130 Consider the following study: We want to know the average amount of money rst year college students spend at NDD College
Correct on accessories. We randomly survey 22 rst year students at the college. Four out of the 22 students spent $33, $110, $180, and
Mark 1.00 out of $197, respectively. The target parameter of this survey is:
1.00
Select one:
a. The average amount of money spent by the 22 rst year college students that participated in the survey.
b. The 22 rst year students that participated in the survey.
c. (33 + 110 + 180 + 197)/4 = 130 Dollars.
d. The average amount of money spent by all rst year students of the college.
Question 131
Consider the following relative frequency table on hurricanes that have made direct hits on the U.S. between 1851 and 2004.
Correct Hurricanes are given a strength category rating based on the minimum wind speed generated by the storm.
Mark 1.00 out of (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gifs/table5.gif ) (ALTERNATE DOWNLOAD LINK)
1.00
Frequency of Hurricane Direct Hits
Category # Direct Hits Relative Freq. Cum. Relative Freq.
1 109 0.3993 0.3993
2 72 0.2637
3 71 0.2601
4 18 0.9890
5 3 0.0110 1.0000
The relative frequency of direct hits that were at most category 2 storm is: (The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places
of the actual value.)
Answer: 0.663
Question 132 Consider the following data:

Correct 4.4, 5.3, 4.4, 2.8, 0.9, 6.1, 3.0, 8.6, 10.7, 4.3, 1.9, 12.0, 5.9, 4.8, 7.7
Mark 1.00 out of The sample variance is equal to (the answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value):
1.00
Answer: 9.735998
Question 133
Correct
Distribution
Mark 1.00 out of of Y
1.00
Value Probability
0 0.23
4 0.14
12
16 0.16
20 0.20
Complete the probabilities of the random variable Y in above table. The expectation of Y is equal to
Answer: 10.36
Question 134 Meiosis is the process in which a diploid cell that contains two copies of the genetic material produces an haploid cell with only
Correct one copy (sperms and eggs). The resulting molecule of genetic material is linear molecule that is composed of consecutive
Mark 1.00 out of segments: a segment that originated from one of the two copies followed by a segment from the other copy and vice versa. The
1.00 border points between segments are called points of crossover. The Haldane model for crossovers states that the number of
crossovers between two loci on the genome has a Poisson(λ) distribution. Assume that the expected number of crossovers
between two loci is 0.66. The probability of obtaining at most 1 crossovers between the two loci is (The answer may be
rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value.)
Answer: 0.8579732
Question 135 The patient recovery time from a particular surgical procedure is Normally distributed with a mean of 9.3 days and a standard
Correct deviation of 3.5 days. The probability of spending between 5 to 10 days in recovery is: (The answer may be rounded up to 3
Mark 1.00 out of decimal places of the actual value.)
1.00
Answer: 0.4696434
Question 136
It is claimed that the expected length of time some computer part may work before requiring a reboot is 26 days. In order to
Correct examine this claim 80 identical parts are set to work. Assume that the distribution of the length of time the part can work (in
Mark 1.00 out of days) is Exponential. The central region that contains 70% of the distribution of the average is of the form E(X) ± c, where E(X) is
1.00 the expectation of the sample average. The value of c is (You are asked to apply the Normal approximation to the distribution
of the average of the 80 parts that are examined. The answer may be rounded up to 3 decimal places of the actual value.)
Answer: 3.012796
◄ Learning Guide Unit 9
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6/7/2019 Review Quiz

MATH 1280 Introduction to Statistics - Term 4, 2018-2019

Started on Thursday, 6 June 2019, 11:49 AM

Select the correct answer in each of the following 4 questions:

Question 1 The population in this survey is:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

b. Customers that arrive at dealerships of the company.

c. The automobile producing company.

d. Owners of cars that are produced by the company.

Question 2 The sample in this survey is:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

b. Customers that arrive at dealerships of the company.

c. "Yes", "No", or "Refuse to Answer".

Question 3 A parameter that may be targeted by this survey is:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

c. "Yes", "No", or "Refuse to Answer".

d. Owners of cars that are produced by the company.

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

d. None of the above.

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

c. The number of incoming calls in both months is about the same.

d. One cannot answer the question based on the given data.

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

b. In 5 of the days of the month of February there were 4 incoming calls.

c. In 4 of the days of the month of February there were 2 incoming calls.

d. In 2 of the days of the month of February there were 4 incoming calls.

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

b. 6 incoming calls came during 10 days of the month of September.

c. 6 incoming calls came during 5 days of the month of February.

d. 10 incoming calls came during 6 days of the month of September.

Frequency of Hurricane Direct Hits

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

d. Not enough information to calculate.

Flossing Frequency for Adults

Mark 1.00 out of Answer: 0.05

Mark 1.00 out of Answer: 0.55

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

d. Not enough information to tell.

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

d. Not enough information to calculate.

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

d. Not enough information to calculate.

Mark 1.00 out of Answer: 7

id sex age bmi systolic diastolic group

1 3695908 FEMALE 34 28.78903 112.5887 64.84949 NORMAL

2 5778095 FEMALE 33 18.91321 122.9261 78.71555 NORMAL

3 5138370 MALE 32 27.66339 128.3985 86.57248 NORMAL

Question 19 The type of the variable "id" is:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

Question 20 The type of the variable "sex" is:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

Values are non-numeric: "MALE" and "FEMALE".

Question 21 The type of the variable "diastolic" is:

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

All values are numeric.

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

Age is a numeric measurement.

Question 23 "Type of activity" is what type of data?

Mark 1.00 out of Select one:

This variable obtains categorical values