CHAPTER 6

CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS

Reference 7: Time-saver Standards for Architectural Design Data, 6th Edition,

John Callender, Mc Graw-Hill, Inc., 1982

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(Note) Learning Objectives
The objectives of this lecture is to learn as follows:
• The purposes and importance of design and construction drawings; Types of drawings; and
organization of drawing sheets; importance and detail of title block; ways for sheet numbering
• Read architectural drawings; understand general symbol used in floor plan, elevation, and
section sheets; be able to identify detail drawings to specified details of finishing materials;
understand importance and of gridlines and ways to used them to locate positions of items and
calculate room sizes
• Read structural drawings; understand how to relate floor plan and specific structural details
• Read mechanical drawings both electrical and plumbing systems; understand how to relate
floor plan and specific mechanical details
• Exercises how to read each type of drawings, step-by-step
• Be able to calculate drawing scale conversion, floor levels, and slope scale

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 TYPES OF DRAWINGS
• Preliminary Design Drawings
Drawings made during Preliminary Architectural Design Phase, prepare by
designers
• Construction Drawings
Drawings made at the end of Architectural Design Phase, prepare by designer for
Construction Bidding and Submit to Government Official for Construction Permission
License
• Shop Drawings
Drawings made during the Construction Phase, prepare by contractor to show the
intended size and position of each building component to be built
• As-built Drawings
Drawings made as the end of the Construction Phase, prepare by contractor to
show the actual size and position of each building component
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 GROUPS OF DRAWINGS
• Architectural Drawings
Show from over all locations of the building. Show each floor functions,
positions, sizes, esthetics, finishing materials. Show details elements and material
specifications
• Structural Drawings
Show building structure from piling, footing, each floor structure up to roof
structure. Show details of pile, footing, each beam, cast-in-place floor, columns. Specify
required strength of finishing construction to be used.

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 GROUPS OF DRAWINGS (Continue)
• Air conditioning and Ventilation Systems Drawings
Show positions and specifications of air-conditioning and ventilation machines,
and other supporting elements, air-duct, outlets of all air blows
• Plumbing and Sewage Systems Drawings
Show positions and sizes of all types of pipes, faucets and accessories. Show
major related equipments and specifications.
• Electrical Systems Drawings
Show positions and specifications of lighting, power, and all wiring elements.
Show major electrical elements from intake public electricity to each building position
load control.
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 BASIC ELEMENTS OF
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
• Drawing Scales
For Metric Building Drawings (use meter, centimeter etc.), scale ratio can range
from small size of i.e. 1:2000 to the biggest size of 1:1. The selection of scale is based on
the purpose to show drawing elements.
• Standard Drawing Sheet Sizes
Size of drawing papers will be judge by designers to show drafting contents with
selected scale ration in a proper paper size. Usually select from international (ISO) sheet
size from paper size A4 up to A0.

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 BASIC ELEMENTS OF
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS (Continue)
• Title Block
Put on each drawing sheet, normally at the lower part or right part of the drawings.
The purpose is to briefly identify the identity of the drawings include: name of the
building, owner, designers’ name with professional registration numbers, drawing sheet
contents and numbers
• Graphic Symbols
As drawing is mostly a scale down proportion of an actual building elements, and
a building consisting of a lot of elements, graphic symbols are used to represent specify
elements in a buildings. For examples: door, windows, brick and mortar, finishing
materials, electrical lights and light bulbs, and plumbing pipe lines.

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ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING COMPONENTS
• Symbol and List of Drawings
• Site Location
• Site Plan
• Floor Plans
• Sections
• Elevations
• Details: Doors, Windows, WC, Stairs, etc.

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 STRUCTURAL DRAWING COMPONENTS
• List of Drawings
• Foundations
– Pile / Footings
• Floor Plans
• Details
– Columns / Beams / Roof
– Stairs and other special structure, etc.
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 PLUMBING AND SEWAGE DRAWING
COMPONENTS
• List of Drawings
• Pipe Line Diagram
• Floor Plans
– Water Supply Pipe Line
– Waste Pipe Line
• Sewage Tank: Tank Detail and Equipment
• Details: etc.
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 ELECTRICAL DRAWING COMPONENTS
• List of Drawings
• Single-Line Diagram
• Floor Plans
– Lighting / Power Supply
– Sound System

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 AIR-CONDITIONING DRAWING COMPONENTS
• List of Drawings
• Summary of Mechanical Units
– Chiller Air-con. Unit / Chiller Pump
– A.H.U. (Air Handling Unit)
– Split Type Air-conditioning Unit
– Ventilation Fan
• Floor Plans
• Details: Air-Duct, etc.
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 CLASS WORKSHOP

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 CLASS WORKSHOP: READING DRAWINGS
• ARCHITECTURE DRAWINGS
– Site Location and Site Plan
– Floor plan: understand
• opening (door, windows) (link to details and elevation)
• finishing materials (link to symbol and specification)
• floor level (link to section and elevation)
– Detail: (WC, Stairs, Door and Window Hardware, and others)

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(Note) Exercise on Architectural Drawings
Exercise on reading the following topic:
• Floor plan: general organizations on drawing scale; gridline and span size; directions;
symbol for elevations and sections; floor levels and typical position of 0.00 level; and
importance of line to identify floor step
• Floor plan: to comprehend the arrangement of room and functions and levels of rooms
• Floor plan: symbol of finishing materials (floor, wall, ceiling, wall skirt), and door and
windows
• Elevations: the link between floor plan and elevation; and the importance
• Sections: : the link between floor plan and sections; and the importance
• Details of WC: symbol for sanitary and wc accessory; essential information for detail
specifications; and ways to specific horizontal installation positions
• Details of stairs: components of stairs; standard sizes of stairs for indoor and outdoor;
ways to specify details of stair and stair-rail finishing

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 CLASS WORKSHOP: READING DRAWINGS
• STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
– Foundation and Pile (link to Footing and Pile Detail)
– Floor plan: understand
• Beams, Column, Cast-in-Place Floor, Pre-caste Floor
• Cast-in-Place Wall
– Detail section of Beam, Cast-in-Place Floor, Stairs

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(Note) Exercise on Structural Drawings
Exercise on reading the following topic:
• Floor plan: ways to identify the link between structural and architectural
drawings
• Footing floor plan: symbol for types of pile layout and footing shape, and
types of column; the link between information on floor plan and detail
drawings
• Beam floor plan: to understand structural support for each room; the link of
beam symbol and details, and details of beam sizing and reinforcement;
different symbols for cast-in-place concrete floor, precast concrete floor, and
slab on grade
• Roof plan: details of structural steels used
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 CLASS WORKSHOP: READING DRAWINGS
• PLUMBING DRAWINGS
– Site Plan Drainage Layout link to public discharge
– Floor plan of Water Supply
– Floor plan of Waste Water
– Detail: WC plan and Material Specification
– Sewage Tank Specification

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(Note) Exercise on Plumbing Drawings

Exercise on reading the following topic:

• Symbols used in floor plan: different types of pipes, drainage, manhole,
septic tank, water pump, water meter, and etc.
• Floor plan: the arrangement of pipe lines and pipe sizes for clean water,
waste water, sewage, and vent
• Floor plan: the positions of major components including: drainage, manhole,
septic tank, water pump, water meter, and etc.
• Floor plan: the positions of ducts (vertical enclosed shaft)

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 CLASS WORKSHOP: READING DRAWINGS
• ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
– Site Plan Line link to public
– Single Line Diagram and Main Equipment
– Floor plan of Lighting, Telephone, and Fire Systems
– Floor plan of Power
– Detail: Specification of Lighting

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(Note) Exercise on Electrical Drawings
Exercise on reading the following topic:
• Symbols used in floor plan: different types of lights and light bulbs; different
types of switches, plugs, T.V., telephone, bells, etc.; symbols of major
components: panel boards
• Floor plan: identify the link with all symbols state above

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 CLASS WORKSHOP: READING DRAWINGS
• AIR-CONDITIONING DRAWINGS
– Floor plan
– Detail: Air Duct and Specification of Equipment

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 CLASS WORKSHOP: CALCULATION
• Scale
• Level
• Stairs

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 CLASS WORKSHOP: CALCULATION
SCALE
– Actual Length vs. Drawing Length
– Scale 1 : XXX
Actual Length = Drawing Length x XXX

Example: Scale 1: 25, Drawing Length = 0.05 m.

Actual Length = 0.05 x 25 = 1.25 m.
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 CLASS WORKSHOP: CALCULATION
LEVEL Distance CCC
Slope Depth
Slope AAA BBB
– Slope 1: AAA
Slope Depth (BBB) = Distance CCC
AAA
Example: Slope 1: 200, Distance = 100 m.
Slope Depth = 100/200 = 0.5 m

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 CLASS WORKSHOP: CALCULATION
•STAIRS
Floor-to-Floor
Tread (ลูกนอน) Height
Riser (ลูกตั้ง)
Nose (จมูกบันได)

Floor-to-Floor Height = Riser x Number of Riser

Example: Riser = 17.5 cm., 18 risers
Floor-to-Floor Height = 17.5 x 18 = 3.15 meters
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 STAIRS

There are rules of thumb that we can use to help us figure out a good riser height for our 10" run width. These
rules help ensure that the stairs end up at a comfortable angle - not too steep and not too shallow. One rule
says that two rises plus one run should be between 24” and 25”. So for our 10" run, a stair rise of between 7"
and 7.5" would work great. If you don't like to use fuzzy rules of thumb, check out the stair rise/run table.
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 CLASS EXERCISES

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