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NDT Techniques for Sheet Metal Inspection

Sheet metals are used in a variety of applications that may require non-destructive testing. Common manufacturing processes like bending and drawing can introduce discontinuities. Ultrasonic, penetrant, and electromagnetic testing methods are suitable for detecting cracks and tears. Products made from metal powders can be porous, so an important finishing step is impregnation with other materials to improve properties or create composite materials. Radiography and fluoroscopy can effectively evaluate the degree and uniformity of impregnation by revealing unfilled voids or migration of the impregnating material.

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70 views1 page

NDT Techniques for Sheet Metal Inspection

Sheet metals are used in a variety of applications that may require non-destructive testing. Common manufacturing processes like bending and drawing can introduce discontinuities. Ultrasonic, penetrant, and electromagnetic testing methods are suitable for detecting cracks and tears. Products made from metal powders can be porous, so an important finishing step is impregnation with other materials to improve properties or create composite materials. Radiography and fluoroscopy can effectively evaluate the degree and uniformity of impregnation by revealing unfilled voids or migration of the impregnating material.

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194 SECTION TWO MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

While sheet-metal inspections are most likely to occur during the service lifetime
of the structure to which the sheet metal is integral, some thin metals are used in
rockets, some ordnance devices, marine and transportation structures, and pressure
vessels. Therefore, some knowledge of the common manufacturing processes for
sheet metals will be needed if inspection and NDT is called for. One example of an
important application of NDT to thin metals is in thickness control and measure-
ment. Ultrasonic and electromagnetic testing methods can both provide highly accu-
rate means for thickness measurement and are particularly useful where access is
limited to only one surface of a thin metal structure. Products made from bending,
drawing, spinning, and other forming operations may also require NDT to ensure
freedom from discontinuities that can result from the large deformations that such
operations produce. Ultrasonic, penetrant, and electromagnetic tests are generally
most suitable for detecting tears and cracks that can result from irregularities in the
materials or processes used.

7.5.2 POROSITY AND IMPERFECTION OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM


POWDERS
Properties Improved by Impregnation. One important finishing step is that of
impregnation. Inorganic materials, such as oils or waxes, may be impregnated into
porous metal products for purposes of lubrication. An entirely different kind of
product can be produced by impregnating high-melting-temperature metals with
low-melting-temperature metals. The principal use of this technique is in the pro-
duction of cemented steels. A porous, skeleton iron compact, which may be pro-
duced from low-cost iron powder, is impregnated with molten copper. The resulting
product has better strength, ductility, and machinability than conventional powder
metallurgy parts and may be more readily plated or joined by brazing. Sintered iron
has also been impregnated with lead alloys to improve antifriction properties for use
as bearings.
Conventional film radiography and fluoroscopy have been effectively utilized on
metal/metal impregnations to determine the adequacy of the impregnation. Most
often, the material used to impregnate is of much different density than the host
compacted material. Unimpregnated voids can be readily seen as can the extent of
migration of the impregnating metal.

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