METALWORKING

Reporters:
Casselle Madel Pable
Ronie Dagalea
• Metalworking is the process of shaping and
reshaping metals to create useful objects, parts,
assemblies, and large scale structures. As a term it
covers a wide and diverse range of processes, skills,
and tools for producing objects on every scale: from
huge ships, buildings, and bridges down to precise 
engine parts and delicate jewelry.
• Forming metal
Forming is the process of fashioning metal objects through
deformation, without adding or removing any material. The
process of deformation is performed using heat and mechanical
loads. Forming also includes various manufacturing technologies
like bending and forging.
• Metal bending
Metal bending is a manufacturing process that uses ductile
materials, most commonly sheet metal, as is generally used for
equipment such as specialized machine presses. Metal bending
is considered to be quite cost-effective for batches of low to
medium quantity. Basically, there are three types of bending on a
press brake: air bending (most common), bottoming and coining.
• Forging
Forging is among the oldest metalworking processes. It
uses local compressive forces for the shaping of metal. The
metal is shaped during the forging process, and its internal
grain texture slowly deforms following the general shape of the
part. After the process is complete, the finished product has
vastly superior properties.
• Cutting metal
Cutting is a process during which material is given shape
by removing some parts using tools. This process includes such
technologies as CNC milling, routing and turning.
•  
• Machining
Machining is a collective title for various processes in which a piece of
raw material is processed into a desired shape and size by computer-
controlled tools. Machining is usually associated with the production of metal
parts, but it is used with a wide range of materials including plastic, wood,
composites, and more. The three primary machining processes are milling,
routing and turning.
 
• Welding
Welding metal is a fabrication process that is based on joining materials
via fusion which is a combination of pressure mixed with heat. In general, a
filler material is added to form the welded joint, so that in some cases, can
become even stronger than the original material.
 Metal fabrication

Is the process of turning raw metals into pre-made shapes for assembly
use. For example, the panels that comprise the frame of an automobile are
made through custom metal fabrication processes, which are usually performed
at a fabrication facility and then sent to an auto assembly plant.
• Cutting.
Perhaps the most commonly used metal fabrication processes involve
cutting, where sheets of metal are split into halves, thirds or smaller
sections. In a lot of applications, the metal being cut is freshly made, and has
yet to be shaped into anything in particular.
• Folding.
One of the more complicated processes of metal fabrication involves
folding, where a metal surface is manipulated to shape at a certain angle.
With certain folding applications, the intent is to make the metal surface fold
at a 90-degree angle, or something else that’s either more or less blunt.
• Welding.
Along with cutting, welding is one of the most popular metal fabrication
processes among crafts enthusiasts. The process of welding involves the
joining of two separate metal parts. The parts used in a welding application
could be sheets, panels, bars or shapes — as long as the parts are made of
metal, it really doesn’t matter. Welding is achievable through numerous
methods and tool types.
• Machining.
When a machine is used to remove portions from a piece of metal, the
process is known as machining. Typically, the process is performed on a
lathe, which will rotate the metal against tools that trim corners and edges to
cut the piece down to a desired shape or measurement.
Manufacturing process
The manufacturing process, are the steps through which raw materials are transformed into a 
final product. The manufacturing process begins with the product design, and materials specification
 from which the product is made.
 Types of Manufacturing Processes

• Machining

Tools used for machining are immobile power-driven units used to form or shape
solid materials, specifically metals. The forming is done by removing extra materials
from a work-piece. Machine tools make up the foundation of advanced industry and
are utilized either indirectly or directly in the manufacturing of tool parts.
• Joining

Every joining approach has particular design needs, while certain joint needs may
propose a particular joining approach. Design for assembly, and fastener selection
apply their own specifications.
Bolting is a standard fastening method, for instance, but welding may cut down the
weight of assemblies. Naturally, joints intended for the two approaches would differ
tremendously.
• Forming

Metal forming is the approach of creating the metallic components by deforming

the metal but not by removing, cutting, shredding or breaking any part. Bending,
spinning, drawing, and stretching are a few important metal forming process in
manufacturing. The metal press such as die and punching tools are implemented for
this manufacturing process.
• Casting

Casting is a manufacturing process in which a solid is dissolved into a liquid, heated to

appropriate temperature (sometimes processed to change its chemical formula),
 and is then added into a mold or cavity. Thus, in just one step, complex or simple
shapes can be crafted from any kind of metal that has the capability to be melted. The
end product can have practically any arrangement the designer wants
Hand tools used