Reviewer for Art Appreciation

Introduction

Art Appreciation as a course under the new GE Curriculum aims at intensifying students’ interest and
passion in the arts and humanities. In continuation to the subject Contemporary Arts in the Senior High
School Level, the foremost emphasis of the course is on the beauty and grandeur of Philippine Arts
giving much focus on the local arts in the country which are somehow seen and presented as at par with
the artistic presentations and sense of artists in the global context.

Unit 1 Humanities and the Arts

Humanities

● These are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture.
● They use methods that are primarily critical, or speculative, and have a significant historical
element as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences, yet,
unlike the sciences, it has no central discipline.
● This includes the study of ancient and modern languages, literature, philosophy, history,
archaeology, anthropology, human geography, law, politics, religion and art.

Humanity Scholars or Humanists

● They are the scholars in the field of humanities.

● It describes the philosophical position of humanism.
● The Renaissance scholars and artists were also called humanists.

The study of humanities may also be attributed to the symmetry and balance discussed by the art piece
known as the Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da Vinci.

Vitruvian Man

● This image demonstrates the blend of mathematics and art during the Renaissance and
demonstrates Leonardo's deep understanding of proportions. In addition, this picture represents
a cornerstone of Leonardo's attempts to relate man to nature.

Leonardo da Vinci

● He believed the workings of the human body to be an analogy for the workings of the universe.
● envisaged the great picture chart of the human body he had produced through his anatomical
drawings and Vitruvian Man as a cosmografia del minor mondo (cosmography of the microcosm)

Why Study Humanities?

Humanus

● This is a Latin term which means human, cultured and refined, man is taught to be as what the
term exactly means: being cultured and refined.

Reasons for Studying Humanities

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 ● Humanities contains the records of man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he
asks himself and about the world we live in
● Humanities studies man and the manner in which he conducts himself from the time of his
existence to the present
● Humanities is composed of academic disciplines that make it distinctive in both content and
method from the physical and biological sciences and from the social sciences
● The study of Humanities is devoted to understanding the different phenomena within the
human cultural contexts
● Humanities studies how people process and document the human experience using philosophy,
religion, literature, art and history as their way of understanding and recording the world
● Humanities studies how individuals’ manner of expression varies as they record human
experiences and how the way of documenting these forms a connection between and among
humans of the past, present and future.

Fundamental Principles of Humanities

1. Human nature is inherently good.

2. Individuals are free and are capable of making choices.
3. Human potential for growth and development is virtually unlimited.
4. Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development.
5. Individuals have an urge for self-actualization.
6. Reality is defined by each person.
7. Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves and to others.

Art Explained

Art

● It is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts

(artworks), expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas, or technical skill, intended to
be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.

The Three Classical Branches of Art

● Painting
● Sculpture
● Architecture

Nature of the Arts

1. Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to join or put together and has its Latin term being
“sars” or “artis” which means everything that is artificially made or composed by man
(wikipedia)
2. Art constitutes one of the oldest and most important means of expression developed by man.
3. It refers to the skilful arrangement or composition of some common but significant qualities of
nature such as sounds, colours, lines, movements, words, stone and wood to express feelings,
thoughts, imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful and enjoyable way. (Adams, 2002)
4. Art is subjective as it employs the use of perception, insights, feelings and intuition.
5. It is the heightened expression of human dignity and weaknesses felt and shared so powerfully
in a world increasingly aware of its successes and failures.

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 6. It is man’s expression of himself as an individual and how he views his existence.
7. Art also provides enjoyment and stimulation specially when people understand them

Functions of Art Arts

1. Express freely oneself

2. Socially express his need for display, celebration and communication
3. Physically express the need for utility of functional objects

The Forms of Art

● Functional art forms

o Those which may benefit the cause of man’s existence. They are art forms which give
people sustenance as to need for life to be better. This benefit is mostly financial in
nature.
o They are generally applied art - art created for use, not necessarily everyday use, but
designed to serve a purpose and with an aesthetic in mind.
o It's art that serves a function, but is designed artistically for the purpose of beauty.
● Non- Functional art forms
o Art that serves no utilitarian purpose.
o Also encompasses paintings, sculptures and all manner of fine art.
o It usually seeks to engage with the viewer on an intellectual, emotional or aesthetic
level.

Philosophy and Arts Related

Philosophy

● It is a field of discipline which has attempted to explain almost all aspects of human existence.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge,
values, reason, mind, and language.

Art or Aesthetics

● The study of beauty and taste concerned with the nature of art and used as a basis for
interpreting and evaluating individual works of art.
● It is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the
philosophy of art.
● It examines subjective and sensori-emotional values, or sometimes called judgments of
sentiment and taste.

Philosophy of art

● It is the study of the nature of art, including concepts such as interpretation, representation and
expression, and form. It is closely related to aesthetics, the philosophical study of beauty and
taste.

The Artistic Philosophers

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 ● Plato ( 428 – 347 BC)
o He is a philosopher of Ancient Greece who is known for his Dialogues together with
Socrates.
o He loved and hated the arts at the same time which makes his philosophical views on art
unexplainably complicated.

Plato’s Ideas of the Arts may be summed up by the truths according to him that:

1. Art is imitation
2. Art is dangerous

⮚ Beauty, Justice, and The Circle are all examples of what Plato called Forms or Ideas. Other
philosophers have called them Universals.
⮚ For Plato, these Forms are perfect Ideals, but they are also more real than physical objects. He
called them "the Really Real".

● Aristotle
o A student of Plato who first distinguished between “what is good and what is beautiful''.
o For him, the universal elements of beauty are manifested by order, symmetry and
definiteness.
o As exemplified in his Poetics, he stated that physical manifestation of beauty is affected
by SIZE.
o He considered art as imitation or a representation of nature and his emphasis of the art
is on POETRY which for him is more philosophical than Philosophy itself.
● Poets imitated the following according to Aristotle:
o Things and events which have been or still are
o Things which are said to be seen and are probable
o Things which essentially are

● Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804) was a German, Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a treatise
on Aesthetics: Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime.
● His main interest was not on art but on BEAUTY that it is a matter of TASTE.
● Kant explained that TASTE can be both SUBJECTIVE and UNIVERSAL. For KANT, beauty is a
question of form and colour is NOT IMPORTANT.

The Kinds of Aesthetic Responses according to Kant are:

1. Beauty results in pleasure if there is order, harmony and symmetry

2. Beauty leads to a response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the art.

Question for reflection: Why is it necessary for one to have a philosophical perspective on arts?

Artists vs. Artisans

● An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or
demonstrating an art.
● An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates
things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative

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 arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms
such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.

Artisanal

● It is a term sometimes used in describing hand-processing in what is usually viewed as an

industrial process, such as in the phrase artisanal mining.
● It is sometimes used in marketing and advertising as a buzz word to describe or imply some
relation with the crafting of handmade food products, such as bread, beverages or cheese.

The Art Forms

ARTS – it refers to the theory, human application and physical expression of creativity found in human
cultures and societies through skills and imagination in order to produce objects, environments and
experiences.

1. Architecture
o is an art form that reflects how we present ourselves across the earth’s landscape, and,
like other expressive mediums, it changes with styles, technologies and cultural
adaptations.
o Architecture is considered as the most functional of all the art forms

2. Sculpture

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 oIt is an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-dimensional
art objects.
3. Painting
o It is the application of pigments to a support surface that establishes an image, design or
decoration.
4. Dance
o It is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given
space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply
taking delight in the movement itself.
o It is a powerful impulse, but the art of dance is that impulse channeled by skillful
performers into something that becomes intensely expressive and that may delight
spectators who feel no wish to dance themselves.

5. Music
o It is an art form, and cultural activity, whose medium is sound. General definitions of
music include common elements such as pitch (which 19 governs melody and harmony),
rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness
and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes
termed the "colour" of a musical sound).
6. Theatre
o It is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, typically actors or
actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in
a specific place, often a stage.

Théatron - it is an Ancient Greek term meaning “a place for viewing"

7. Literature
o Most generically, is any form or body or collection of written work
o It may be in any form such as poetry, novel, short story, essay, epic and legends among
others.
o Literature may be oral or written and are also sometimes meant to be performed before
an audience.

Visual Arts

● Are those which are felt by the senses which includes sculpture, painting and architecture.

Performance Arts

● Music, Dance and Theatre are under the category.

How Art Appreciation may be applied by a learner of the course.

● Give a good physical description of the artwork based on their knowledge of art elements and
materials
● Analyze the artwork in terms of what the artist wants his work to represent and the learner’s
subjective reaction to the works which includes their thoughts and feelings

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 ● Perceive the art work in the context of its history. This would enlighten the learners of the artist’s
intention in doing the work and add to the understanding of the meaning the work is supposed
to convey
● Give meaning to the artwork based on its description, analysis and context
● Judge the artwork as to whether it is good or bad based on the learner’s perception of it and its
aesthetic and cultural value.

Art is not meant to be looked at only for what it is. It is meant to stimulate thought because it allows
viewers to draw their own emotions and pull from their personal experiences when viewed. It is very
powerful in this way and it naturally develops critical and innovative thinking skills. Art also teaches
many important qualities such as listening, observing and responding to multiple perspectives. Having an
appreciation for art also helps us to develop an appreciation for each other and how we are all unique in
our own way.

Interpretation

● One final element to complete the work

● Our perspective brings the artwork to life as it changes for every person around it.
● It is important to foster art appreciation and analysis, as it helps us value the art in how it
appeals to us and what it means to each person

Most importantly, however, art appreciation stimulates thought and analysis, provokes an individual
to look past what meets the eye and open our mind to the views of others.

Unit 2 Subject and Content

Subject

● Refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork. The subject in art is basically the
essence of the piece

In artwork, the subject matter would be what the artist has chosen to paint, draw or sculpt. The
subject matter or topic is entirely up to the artist.

Art is really liberating in that sense. It allows you to say whatever you want to say. Whether the
message is understood by others is another story, and whether the artist discloses the meaning of it or
not is also a personal choice.

Some artists don't like to assign a strict explanation of their art so that they are not imposing on the
viewer’s own narrative and concept of the work.

Representational Art or Objective Art

● The art pieces which use a specific subject

● It refers to art which represents something, whether that be a tree in a landscape, apple in a still
life, or figure in a portrait.
● Is a term that generally refers to a painting or sculpture that is clearly recognizable for what it
claims to be.
● It depicts any identifiable object or series of objects and their physical appearance in reality.

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 ● It is also referred to as Figurative Art, being that it is derived from real object sources.

Non-Representational or Non-Objective Art

● Pertains to those type of arts that have no subjects

● Refers to compositions which do not rely on representation or mimesis to any extent.
● A term in arts that indicate a departure from reality in the depiction of imagery in art.
● Generally, this is a type of art that shows the personal expression of an artist's subjective
experience.

Lesson 2: The Sources of Subject

● Nature – In the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material
world or material universe. It refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in
general. It is considered the most commonly used source of art.
● People – They are considered the most interesting subject of an artwork which may be real or
imagined.
● History – It is the depiction of factual events that occurred in the past whose purpose is either to
remember important events of long ago or to teach the learners about the lessons of the past.
● Legends – Artworks based on legends present to viewers of the art something tangible even
when unverified. Art brings life to these stories.
● Religion – played an enormous role in inspiring works of visual arts, music, architecture and
literature through ages.
● Mythology – These are sources of subjects that come from the stories of gods and goddesses of
Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse and Egyptians.
● Dreams and Fantasy – The wonder of the unconscious is what is being expressed by art works
under this subject source. These works of art somehow explain to the viewers the content of the
art piece including the hidden meaning behind each work. The unconscious is being made to be
understood by this source of subject.
● Technology – The modernity of the present is also an inspiration being used by artists as a
source of subject.

Lesson 3: Ways of Presenting the Subject

The following are some of the methods or ways on how an artist presents his subject to his audience.

1. Naturalism
a. Refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting.
b. Artworks always depict pieces showing the idealized human form.
2. Realism
a. Is generally the attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and
avoiding speculative fiction and supernatural 45 elements.
b. It has been prevalent in the arts at many periods, and can be in large part a matter of
technique and training, and the avoidance of stylization.

3. Abstraction

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 a. It finds its roots in ‘intuition’ (of the artist) and ‘freedom’ (for the artist as well as for the
viewer).
b. Historically, this form of art movement emerged in the nineteenth century as a reaction
to academic painting or realism.
c. This is a method of presenting the subject where the artist moves away from reality. The
artist usually alters the shapes and colors in rendering a particular art piece.

Forms of Abstraction:

o Distortion – It is the alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of

something.
o Elongation – It is when the art subject is lengthened, protracted or extended.
o Mangling – Artists show the subject as cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with repeated
blows.
o Cubism – This is the presentation of abstract figures through the use of a cone, cylinder,
sphere, triangle, square, cube and circle in place of real pictorial elements.
4. Symbolism
a. This is the use of a visible sign of an idea to convey to the viewers, readers or audiences
the message of his work.
b. In this way, mystery is advocated by an art work making it more interesting to the
viewers.
c. The key to eliciting symbolic art involves studying the background and personality of the
artist and his inspiration in producing the said piece of work.
5. Fauvism
a. It is the name applied to the work produced by a group of artists (which included Henri
Matisse and André Derain) from around 1905 to 1910, which is characterised by strong
colours and fierce brushwork.
6. Dadaism
a. It is a protest movement in the art that is playful and experimental. “Dada” means a
“hobby horse”. Dadaism is most often nonsensical.

Marcel Duchamp – on of the famous painter who use this method.

7. Futurism
a. This was developed in Italy about the same time as cubism appeared in France.
b. Futurist painters wanted their works to capture the mechanical energy of modern life.
8. Surrealism
a. This method mirrors the evils of the present society.
b. This means super realism, influenced by Freudian psychology which emphasizes the
activities of the subconscious state of the mind.
9. Expressionism
a. This features art works describing pathos, morbidity, chaos or even defeat and was
introduced in Germany from 1900 – 1910.
b. Expressionists believe that man needs spiritual rebirth for him to correct defects that
ruin the society.

Unit 3 The Artist and His Medium

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Lesson 1 - The Process of Art Production

Production

● It is at the heart of making art

● It can be the process of bringing a song or musical to life or honing that work to perfection.
● Production might bring out images of factory production lines, or even the theories of scientists
and philosophers after the mind has conceived it through a certain process.

Medium – When an artist is ready to express himself in art and to give shape to his vision, his first
thought would be on what medium to use.

The Technique – The technique of the artwork shows the level of familiarity with the medium being
manipulated.

Curation – Derived from the word “curare” which means to take care. It is a process that involves
managing, overseeing and assembling or putting together a presentation or exhibit for some type of
artistic collection.

Lesson 2 - The Different Media of the Visual Arts

Graphic or Two-Dimensional Arts
● Drawing
o Different Media for Drawing:
▪ Pencils – Made of graphite which comes in different hardness from soft to hard
or thickness from thick to needle-like.
o Shading Techniques:
● Hatching- A series of thin parallel lines that run in the same direction.

● Cross-hatching- A series of thin parallel lines and criss-crossing it with

another set of tin parallel lines.

● Stippling- Uses the sharp point of the

pencil to make dot patterns in some parts of the drawing.

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 ● Blending- May be accomplished by using the finger or a paper stump to
gradually change the tone from dark to light.

▪ Ink – It is one of the oldest materials for drawing that is still in use. It allows for a
great variety of qualities, depending on the tools and technique used in the
application.
▪ Pastel – This is composed of dry pigment held together by a gum binder and
compressed into sticks.
● Kinds of Pastel:
o Soft Pastel
o Hard Pastel
o Oil Pastel
● Pastel Techniques:
o Stippling – Using pastel of different colors to produce small
marks, thus, creating a pattern.
o Feathering – Using the point of the pastel to make parallel
strokes creating a feather-like effect.
o Scumbling – It is like layering but using pastel. The side of the
pastel is lightly drawn on top of an existing color but still making
the color of the first layer visible.
o Impasto – The technique of thickly applying the pastel by
pressing it hard on the paper creating an opaque effect
o Sgraffito – Technique that applies a thick deposit of pastel on
the support then using a blunt pen, scrapes it off to reveal the
underlying color.

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 ▪ Charcoal – An organic medium that comes from burnt wood.
● Kinds of Charcoal:
o Compressed Charcoal – The vine charcoal which comes in thin
sticks that is easy to blend and erase.
o Manufactured Charcoal – Made from loose charcoal mixed with
a binder and pressed into sticks.
▪ Paper – The most common surface used in two-dimensional art.
● 3 Types of Paper:
o Hot-pressed Paper – Smooth 60
o Cold – Kind of pressed paper – Has moderate texture.
o Rough Paper – Has the most texture (tooth).
o Painting
▪ Pigment – Part of the paint that gives color.
▪ Different Media for Painting:
● Watercolour – Pigments are mixed with water and applied to paper.
● Gouache – The pigment has been mixed with water and added with a
chalk-like material to give it an opaque effect.
● Oil Paints – Pigments are mixed with oil as its binder. It is a dense
painting medium and gives rich, beautiful colours. Discovered by a
Flemish painter, Jan Van Eyck in the 15th century.
● Tempera – Pigment is mixed with egg yolk (sometimes with the white)
as binder.
● Fresco - Pigment is mixed with water and applied on a portion of the
wall with wet plaster. It is used for mural paintings.
● Acrylic - Modern medium with synthetic paint using acrylic emulsion as
binder.
o Mosaic – Wall or floor decorations made of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored
stones or glass called tesserae.
o Collage – Derived from a French word “coller” which means to stick. This is a technique
of making art by gluing or pasting on firm support materials or found objects.
o Printmaking process used for making reproductions of graphic works. Allows for the
repeated transfer of a master image from a printing plate (matrix) onto a surface.
▪ Printmaking Techniques:
● Relief Painting (Raised)- The oldest method of printmaking. The
technique involves cutting away certain parts of the surface and leaving
the ‘raised’ part to produce the image.
● Intaglio Printing (Depressed)- Instead of the surface of the plate for the
image, the lines of the image are cut or incised to a metal plate.
● Surface Printing (Flat)- Includes all processes in which printing is done
from a flat surface.

Plastic or Three-Dimensional Arts

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Sculpture - Originated from the Latin word “sculpere” which means to carve . It is defined as the art or
practice of creating three-dimensional forms or figures.

3 Kinds of Sculptures:

● Freestanding – Sculptures which can be viewed from all sides.

● Relief – Sculptures in which the figures project from a background.

Two Variations of Relief Sculpture:

● Low Relief (bas relief) – Figures are slightly raised/projected from its background.
● High Relief – Almost half of the figures project from its background, more shadows are created.

▪ Kinetic (mobile) – A sculpture that is capable of movement by wind, water or

other forms of energy.

Lesson 3 - The Process of Creating Sculptures

Subtractive Process – Involves removing or cutting away pieces of the material to form the figure.

Additive Process – The process involves the construction of a figure by putting together bits of the
material or by welding together metal parts to create figures.

Process of Substitution – This process is also known as casting. This method involves using a mold to
produce a 3D figure in another material.

Different Media of Sculpture:

● Stone – A natural medium. Hard and relatively permanent.

● Wood – Also a natural medium. It varies in hardness and durability depending on the kind of tree
it came from.
● Metal – It has three unique qualities: tensile strength, ductility and malleability.
● Plaster – It is finely ground gypsum mixed with water and poured into mold.
● Terra cotta (cooked earth) – Baked clay or clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high temperature.
● Glass – Made by heating and cooling a combination of sand and soda lime.
● Plastic – Synthetic medium made from organic polymers.

Lesson 4 – Architecture

Architecture – Art of designing buildings and other structures which will serve a definite function.

Construction Principles:

Post and Lintel – Makes use of two vertical supports (post) and spanned by a horizontal beam (lintel). It
was invented by the Greeks.

Arch – A Roman invention that consists of separate pieces of wedge-shaped blocks called voussoirs
arranged in a semi-circle.

Structures that can be Built from the Principle of Arch:

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 ● Barrel Vault – A succession of arches.
● Groin Vault – A structure that is formed by intersecting arches resulting in four openings.
● Dome – Structure with the shape of an inverted cup.

Truss – System of triangular forms assembled to form a rigid framework.

Cantilever – A structure that makes use of a beam or slab that extends horizontally into space beyond its
supporting post.

Buttress – A structure that is built as a support for the wall

Lesson 5 - Media of Architecture

Compressive Strength – Refers to those materials that can support heavy weights without crumbling or
breaking down.

Materials that are used for Creating Building and Infrastructures:

● Stones and Bricks – Stones are favoured over other materials for its durability, adaptability to
sculptural treatment and its use for building simple structures in its natural state.
● Lumber (wood) – All parts of a building can be constructed using wood except the foundations.
● Iron and Steel – Provide stronger and taller structures with less use of material when compared
to stone or wood.
● Concrete – Mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand and gravel.

Lesson 6 - Literature and the Combined Arts

Literature – Art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which have artistic
and emotional appeal.

Types of Literature

● Poetry – It used to follow strict rules to the number and length of lines and stanzas but in recent
years they have become more free-flowing
● Fiction – Written work that is not real and which uses elaborate figurative language.
● Non-fiction – Subject matter comes from real life.
● Drama – Includes all plays or any written works that are meant to be performed.

Lesson 7 - Music, Media in Music, some Genres of Music

Music – Defined as the art of combining and regulating sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions
that express various ideas and feelings.

Media in Music

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Vocal Medium – The oldest and most popular medium for music is the human

Classification of Human Voice (Komien,2008):

● Soprano – Highest female singing voice.

● Contralto – Female singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
● Tenor – Highest adult male singing voice.
● Bass – Male singing voice that is low and rich in quality.
● Baritone – Male singing voice that is between tenor and bass.

Instrumental Medium – Materials that produce/create sound

Traditional Instruments of Music:

● String Instruments – Provide basic orchestral sounds.

o Two kinds are:
▪ Bowed strings – that produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair

▪ Plucked strings – that produce tones by plucking the strings with a finger or with
a plectrum held in one’s hand.
● Woodwind Instruments – Create sounds by blowing into them.
● Brass Instruments – Have cup-shaped mouthpieces and expands into a bellshaped end.
● Percussion Instruments – Makes sound by hitting them.
● Keyboard Instruments – Make sound by means of a keyboard which consists of a series of black
and white keys.

Genres of Music

● Classical Music – European tradition that covered the years of 1750 to 1830. Forms such as the
symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
● Folk Music – Originated in the traditional popular culture or is written in such a style.
● Pop Music – Began in the 1950s and is inspired in the tradition of rock and roll.
● Jazz – Originated in the African-American communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
● Blues – Originated from the African Americans in the deep South of the United States in the late
19th Century.
● Rock Music – Form of popular music that evolved from rock and roll and pop music.
● Alternative Music – A style of rock music that emerged from the independent music of the
1980s and gained popularity in the 1990s.

Lesson 8 - Dance, Types of Dance

Dance – It is said to be the oldest of the arts. It is the man’s gestures that express emotions through
rhythmic movements.

Types of Dance:

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 ● Ethnologic (ethnic) – Includes folk dances associated with national and/or cultural groups.
● Social or Ballroom – Type of dancing that are generally performed in pairs.
● Ballet – Originated in the royal courts of the Medieval era.
● Social or Ballroom – Sometimes called contemporary or interpretative dances. They represent
rebellion against the classical formalism of ballet.
● Musical Comedy (musicale) – Refers to those dances performed by one dancer or a group of
dancers.

Lesson 9 - Drama and Theatre and Genres of Drama

Drama – Genre of literature that is intended to be acted-out or performed on stage in front of an

audience.

Theatre – Combined art that includes music, dance, painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Genres of Drama:

● Tragedy – literature’s greatest dramatic genre.

● Melodrama – Emphasizes the never ending battle between good and evil wherein good always
wins.
● Comedy – Exact opposite of tragedy.
● Satire – Portrays human weakness and criticized human behaviour to pave the path to some
form of salvation for human actions.
● Farce – Light humorous play in which the emphasis is on the jokes, humorous physical action,
exaggerated situations and improbable characters.

Lesson 10 - Cinema, Genres of Motion Pictures and People Behind Motion Pictures

Cinema – Is a Series of images that are projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion.

Genres of Motion Pictures:

● Feature Films – Commonly shown in movie theatres.

● Animated movies – Use images created by artists/animators.
● Documentary movies – Deal primarily with facts, not fiction.
● Experimental films – Sequence of images, literal or abstract, which do not necessarily form a
narrative.
● Educational Films – Specifically intended to facilitate learning at home or classrooms.

People Behind a Motion Picture

● Actors – Play the roles of the characters.

● Producer – Handles finances.
● Screenwriter – Develops stories and ideas for the screen or adapts interesting written pieces of
work as motion pictures.
● Director – Studies the script, plans and visualizes how the film should be portrayed and guides
the actors and the production crew as they carry out the project.

16 REVIEWER FOR MIDTERM EXAMINATION GED 108 – ART APPRECIATION