Basic evidence and best practices

to enhance the quality of care, as

well as patient and program
safety in preventive and
promotion medicine
dr. Hayu Qaimamunazzala, MPH
Dept. Health Behavior, Environment, and Social Medicine
The Causation of NCD (Dans et al., 2011)
Prepatogenesis Patogenesis
Globalization Unhealthy diet Heart disease

NCD
Environmental risk factors

Behavioral risk factors

Biological risk factors

Urbanization Physical inactivity High blood glucose Stroke
Poverty Tobacco use High blood pressure Diabetes
Low education Abnormal serum lipids Chronic respiratory
Stress Abnormal waist/hip diseases
ratio Cancer
Abnormal lung
function

Distant Intermediate Proximate

determinants determinants determinants
Determinants Risk factors Disease

• Health • Health • Disease

promotion protection prevention
Global Target A 25% relative reduction in overall
mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes,
or chronic respiratory diseases by 2025.

1. Tobacco Control
2. Harmful use of alcohol
3. Reduce unhealthy diet
4. Reduce Physical Inactivity

Source: WHO, 2017

1. Tobacco Control
2. Harmful use of alcohol
3. Reduce unhealthy diet
4. Reduce Physical Inactivity
How do we support behavior change?