Chapter 66

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Hydraulic Cylinders and Cushioning Devices
FIXED
NGE
PIN
- FIXED
LEVER HINGE LEVER
PIN
Fo load
CYLINDER
CYLINDER
Fhoad
Figure 6-14. Use of a third-class lever system to drive a load.
Figure 6-13. Use of a second-class lever system to drive a load.
Third-Class Lever System
As shown in Figure 6-14, a system the
for third-class lever cylinder rod pin lies be
of
tween the load rod pin and fixed-hinge pin
Equating moments about the fixed-hinge pin yields
the lever.
Second-Class Lever System
F cos
(L cos 0) =
FioaslL+ L) cos
Figure 6-13 shows a second-class lever system, which is characterized by the load
rod pin being located between the fixed-hinge pin and cylinder rod pin of the lever. or
The analysis is accomplished by equating moments about the fixed-hinge pin,
as follows:
(6-9)
Lgcos load
Fayi COS o (L1 + L)cos 6= Fload(L2 cos 0)
Examination of Eq. (6-9) reveals that for a third-class lever, the cylinder force
is greater than the load force. The reason for using a third-class lever system would
Or
be to produce a load stroke that is greater than the cylinder stroke, at the
expense
L2 of requiring a larger cylinder diameter.
(6-8)
cl(L+ Lz)cos <b load
Comparing Eq. (6-7) to Eq (6-8) shows that a smaller cylinder force is re AMPLE 6S
quired to drive a given load torce Ior a given lever length if a second-class lever is
For the firstsecond-, and third-ctass lever systems of Figures 6-12, 6-13, and 6-14 the
used instead of a first-class lever. 1hus, using a second-class lever rather than a first- following data are given
class lever reduces the required cylirnder piston area for a given application. Of
course, using a second-claSs lever aiso results in a smaller load stroke for La= La 10in
a given
cylinder stroke.