GRAVITATIONAL FIELD

2021 JAN 15/01

THE STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW

The output power from a black body is proportional to its surface area and the fourth power of its temperature in kelvin.

( L = luminosity , unit = watt )

Luminosity is the rate at which energy of all types is radiated by an object in all directions.

WIEN'S LAW
THE HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM
1. 2016 JAN 05/01
2. 2016 June 05/01
3. 2017 Jan 05/01

4. 2017 Jan 05/01

5. 2017 June 05/01
6. 2017 June 05/01
7. 2017 Nov 05/01 8. 2017 Nov 05/01
 Red shift

Absorption lines in the visible spectrum of the Sun

Absorption lines in the visible spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies