Thesis Final

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
After Almighty Allah, I would like to thank my honorable teacher and Director of
Pakistan Study Centre Dr. Erum Muzaffar and all the respected teachers of Pakistan
Study Centre, for being very supportive and encouragement. I am especially grateful to
my supervisor Dr. Erum Muzaffar who has been very patience and my parents without
their prayers and support I would not be successful.
1
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak was first experienced in the Wuhan city of china at the end of
December 2019 and spread rapidly in China and then worldwide in countries of America,
Europe, Australia and Asia including Pakistan. There are more than 1263089 mortalities
and 50913451 plus people have been affected worldwide, while figure increases rapidly.
Different steps have been taken worldwide for the control of COVID-19. Even with less
resource Pakistan also taken rigorous measures like designed special hospitals,
laboratories for testing, quarantine facilities, awareness campaign and lockdown to
control the spread of virus. I highlighted the various challenges of COVID-19 pertaining
to different sectors of Pakistan and efforts of government and relief organizations to
combat this deadly pneumonia.
2
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..................................................................................................1
Abstract............................................................................................................................. 2
Chapter no: 1.................................................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................7
1.1 Research Topic........................................................................................................9
1.2 Research Question..................................................................................................9
1.3 Aims and Objectives...............................................................................................9
1.4 Scope........................................................................................................................ 9
1.5 Literature Review.................................................................................................10
1.6 Research Methodology.........................................................................................10
References........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter no: 2.................................................................................................................. 11
Spread of COVID-19 throughout Pakistan..................................................................11
2.1 Origin of COVID-19.............................................................................................11
2.1.1 Conspiracy theory Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV)..............................11
2.1.2 Conspiracy theory the United States.............................................................12
2.2 How it spread........................................................................................................13
2.3 Border closer over virus fear...............................................................................13
2.4 Causes and consequences.....................................................................................14
2.5 Recommendations to face the situation...............................................................14
References:.......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3
Chapter no: 3.................................................................................................................. 16
Condition of Pakistan during COVID-19.....................................................................16
3.1 Common circumstance.........................................................................................16
3.2 Situational analysis...............................................................................................16
3.3 Precautionary procedures....................................................................................17
3.4 Strategies of government to minimize the burden..............................................17
3.5 Economical Situation............................................................................................17
3.5.1 Situation of Imports in September 2020.......................................................18
3.5.2 Situation of Exports in Sep 2020....................................................................18
3.5.3 Financial viewpoint.........................................................................................19
3.5.4 Momentary opportunities..............................................................................19
3.6 Current Healthcare situation...............................................................................20
References........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter no: 4.................................................................................................................. 22
Challenges pertaining to economy during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan...........22
4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 22
4.2 Economic measures before COVID-19 pandemic occurred in Pakistan..........22
4.3 Poverty and unemployment.................................................................................23
4.4 Challenges to trade, industry and business.........................................................25
4.5 Challenges in Foreign trade and balance of payment........................................26
4.6 Debt........................................................................................................................ 26
4.7 Challenges in energy sector..................................................................................27
4.8 The political aftermath.........................................................................................29
4.9 Pakistan’s efforts to improve economic fundamentals.......................................30

4
4.9.1 Financial package by Government................................................................31
4.9.2 State Bank of Pakistan...................................................................................32
4.9.3 Foreign debt....................................................................................................32
Chapter no: 5.................................................................................................................. 34
Educational, Health and Social challenges to Pakistan during COVID-19...............34
5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 34
5.2 Challenges to Education.......................................................................................34
5.2.1 Risk of online education.................................................................................35
5.2.2 Government response.....................................................................................37
5.3 Challenges to Health sector during COVID-19 in Pakistan..............................38
5.3.1 Shortage of medical equipments....................................................................38
5.4 Social challenges in Pakistan during COVID-19 Pandemic..............................40
5.4.1 Work from home............................................................................................41
5.4.2 Indoor Lifestyle...............................................................................................41
5.4.3 Challenges to travel and tourism industry....................................................41
5.4.4 Online shopping..............................................................................................42
5.4.5 Clean environment.........................................................................................42
5.4.6 The e-doctor method of consultancy.............................................................42
Chapter no: 6.................................................................................................................. 44
The potential role of GIS in COVID-19 pandemic......................................................44
6.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 44
6.1.1 How GIS works...............................................................................................44

5
6.1.2 Usage of Maps.................................................................................................44
6.1.3 Collection of Data...........................................................................................44
6.1.4 GIS study.........................................................................................................45
6.2 Challenges in using GIS........................................................................................45
6.3 GIS capability to control the situation................................................................45
6.4 Identification of outbreak and counting of cases................................................46
6.6 Data arrangement.................................................................................................47
6.7 Creation and testing of theory.............................................................................48
6.8 Hazards to material supply..................................................................................48
6.9 Discus the results keep an eye on social sentiment and the local spread of
tracking........................................................................................................................ 49
Chapter no: 7.................................................................................................................. 50
Role of NGOs and relief organizations at the time of pandemic................................50
7.1 Helping poor under lockdown..............................................................................50
7.2 Key role of Pakistan’s local charities during pandemi.......................................51
7.3 Religious body calls for nearly Zakat..................................................................53
Conclusion......................................................................................................................54
Bibliography........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
6
Chapter no: 1
INTRODUCTION
Infection diseases especially those that become pandemics, adversely affect wellbeing
economy and surprisingly worldwide security on the planet. There have been numerous
huge scope sickness episodes and plagues happened in history i.e. Spanish Flu, Hong
Kong Flu, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, flu, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.
Not just do they present a huge danger to human wellbeing yet they additionally impact
the travel industry, travel, and exchange and can cause huge political and social
disturbance.
A pandemic is a scourge that is going on everywhere on the world or in a wide locale,

crossing worldwide limits and influencing numerous individuals. There are some
significant highlights of a pandemic that separate it from other infection diseases. They
incorporate wide geological expansion, sickness development, oddity, seriousness, high
assault rate, dangerousness, irresistibleness and infectiousness. Philanthropic
investigations have recorded various significant pestilences, including smallpox, cholera,
plague, dengue, AIDS, influenza, stork, West Nile infection and tuberculosis. Flu
pestilences are especially surprising and repeating openings that can have genuine
ramifications for cultural orders all throughout the planet. Episodes seem, by all accounts,
to be exacerbated during the 1500s or around 10-50 years. In the twentieth century, there
were three influenza pestilences: "Spanish influenza" in 1918-1919, "Asian influenza" in
1957-1958, and "Hong Kong influenza" in 1968-1969.
This investigation principally examines the difficulties brought about by the progressing
worldwide pandemic of Covid-19 illness on account of Pakistan; it has been a general
wellbeing crisis of global concern. Chinese researchers have named this contamination
2019-nCoV. The International Committee for the Taxonomy of the Virus later renamed
7
the novel Corona Virus as Active Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-
CoV-2). Simultaneously, February 11, 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has
named pneumonia Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19).
Side effects of COVID-19 patients incorporate hack, fever, trouble in breathing. The
Covid-19 has been distinguished in instances of indicative as well as in asymptomatic
patients.
The pandemic found in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and reported to be global
healthcare crisis of on January 30, 2020. In excess of 50,913,451 cases of COVID-19
have been accounted for on the planet, coming about in excess of 1,263,089 deaths as of
November 10, 2020, more than 33,289,404 individuals have recuperated.
Pakistan is a developing nation with limited assets to battle against the difficulties of
COVID-19. The lethal Covid-19 announced as worldwide pandemic and the primary case
was accounted for in Pakistan on February 26, 2020. The pandemic caused financial
bedlam like deferment of sports, strict political and social exercises. Frenzy buys have
exacerbated the boundless lack of provisions. Schools and colleges have shut. To limit
pointless developments government have been taken the thorough directions the nation
over to hinder the spread of COVID-19. Different steps have taken worldwide for
controlling of COVID-19. Certainly, with less belongings Pakistan have taken explicit
gauges like, planned unique emergency clinics, research centers for testing, isolation
centers, awareness campaigns and lockdown to forestall the extend of disease. The
lockdown across the urban areas caused joblessness at high pinnacle and individuals have
gotten restricted to houses. Joblessness has influenced each class day by day bets just as
proprietors of the organizations. Strange subsidizing for wellbeing crises has caused
prudent wretchedness in the country. At present the quantity of CoVID-19 cases have
arrived at 3,48,189 from which 3,20,065 recuperated and 7021 deaths caused because of
COVID-19 with respect to November 10.2020.
8
1.1 Research Topic
Challenges of COVID-19 to Pakistan
1.2 Research Question

What are the challenges caused to Pakistan after COVID-19 pandemic?
Which measures taken for prevention after COVID-19 pandemic?
What is the potential role of Geographic information System (GIS) in COVID-19

pandemic?
1.3 Aims and Objectives

1. Review the challenges caused due to COVID-19 in Pakistan
2. Review the measures taken for prevention of COVID-19 and steps takes to face the
situation.
1.4 Scope
My thesis focuses on investigating the challenges of COVID-19 to Pakistan. We need to
comprehend the size of such difficulties in various segments of the populace, which are
most influenced areas and how best to relieve and what estimates taken to deal with the
circumstance, it is undeniable that the COVID-19 pandemic has significant ramifications
for people and society. Most scientists have been centered on understanding the elements
of the contamination to create diagnostics, immunizations and treatment; almost certainly
it is the primary need of as of now. We realize that with time the current spike of
contamination will pass, the pace of new diseases keeps on easing back, schools will
resume and some similarity to ordinariness will return. Notwithstanding, exercises found
out about crisis readiness, banters about the benefits of contending methodologies to
control the circumstance and beat the difficulties and effects is probably going to be felt
for any longer.
9
1.5 Literature Review
A literature review is the basic investigation of a section of a distributed group of
information through rundown, characterization and examination of earlier exploration
contemplates surveys of writing and hypothetical articles. The topic that of my research is
a newly discovered virus disease COVID-19 which has caused global health emergency,
it impacted the lives of people and millions of people have died. No research publications
have been carried out previously on this topic. However, besides this research work has
been done on other diseases.
1.6 Research Methodology

This Thesis depends on clear survey of auxiliary information; procedure comprises of
exploring the challenges of COVID-19 to Pakistan. A portion of the articles\reports is in
open area delivered by agencies like Pakistan Institute of Development Economy,
Ministry of finance administration of Pakistan, World Health Organization. Diversity of
data relies on the secondary data (Dawn Newspaper, Government Reports).
This research study is focused on investigating the challenges of COVID-19 and some
procedures taken to control the situation for the case of Pakistan.
10
Chapter no: 2
Spread of COVID-19 throughout Pakistan
2.1 Origin of COVID-19

Two speculations have been flowing on the starting point of COVID-19 in China and
West, one accusing the US and other a bio-containment research facility in Wuhan China.
(2) Both hypotheses claims organic fighting endeavors. As per the accessible proof their
cases are not founded on any valid justification. Be that as it may, spread of these
hypotheses reflects harming patterns in global scene which incorporates profound
question, solid antagonism, and force of belief systems like patriotism. Likewise the
dangers of organic fighting and unplanned spillage of dangerous infections are genuine
and developing. Subsequently building up a superior bio-security is fundamental for the
global local area. The COVID-19 outcomes evidence that organisms could be more
ruinous than the utilization atomic weapons.
2.1.1 Conspiracy theory Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV)
A couple of days later than lockdown in January 2020, a unified state paper inclined to
coursing trick theories (1). Researchers from Indian Institute of Technology designed
Covid-19 hereditarily soon a while later, the scientists pulled out their paper referring to a
requirement for the re-investigating of the information. Numerous Chinese additionally
speculated an association among infection and Wuhan Institute of virology however
accordingly a universally known virologist at (WIV) Shi Zhengli, found that the SARS
infection started in bat posted in Chinese, web-based media stage "Weibo". This
remaining parts an open inquiry without straightforward examination it might never be
either demonstrated or disproven.
11
In February Chen Wei, general in People's Liberation Army and a natural weapon master
at the Academy of Military Science, was named to assume control at (WIV). In April
new standards were set up for scholarly distributions on COVID-19. However, in
Chinese setting they may likewise be deciphered as a method of decreasing the danger of
organic fighting assaults by far off nations.
2.1.2 Conspiracy theory the United States
Following the plague became public information in late January; an agitating hypothesis
began circulating in China. Posts uploaded specific varieties but having same data and
comparative phrasing, posted especially on social media stage "We Chat".
They joined causes of COVID-19 to the primary china facilitated worldwide military
multi-sport occasion in which almost 10,000 competitors from more than 100 nations
took part. Following is the first message which is the show-stopper of fear inspired
notion:
"In this time of Wuhan pneumonic pandemic, kindly don't failed to remember the 7 th
world military games in Wuhan 3 months prior. Obviously, global competitors appear
from Africa, where irresistible infections as often as possible breakout. A few
competitors appear from the USA that has since a protracted time ago endeavored to
carryout organic fighting against to china. At the point when researched the wellspring of
infection liable for 2003 SARS plague numerous signs highlighted the United States and
its organic fighting scheme in opposition to china. So, that does not Covid-19 pneumonia
flare-up in China have anything to do with United States? This flare-up corresponds with
the regard to the spot, and concurs as for the social event of individuals. And furthermore
agrees in a significant manner. Remember, the US is the unsurpassed prepared in bio-
weapon materials, the country which has large amount cravings to hold china's turn of
events, and US press on best for its own advantages. Individuals of china, what is halting
us considering that is the United States that is scheming in the background and is the
shrewd culprit of this corona virus flare-up in Wuhan. For what reason would it be
12
advisable for us to erroneously accused a wild creature market? If it's not too much
trouble, report this thing promptly so more Chinese will know reality. (We Chat Post)
This post alongside its varieties, presents an expert class disinformation composing, it
restores a prior paranoid fear on the cause of the SARS plague 2003 which has been
flowing in china and got another consideration after COVID-19 episode. The mysterious
report builds up a recorded account which accentuates, ever since the mid of 19th
century, west forces has been embarrassing china. Little marvel that individuals in china
as well as numerous abroad Chinese have acknowledged the hypothesis or possibly don't
believe it to be absolutely unmerited.
No accessible logical or other trust commendable proof backings the cases made by this
hypothesis. It is apparent that specialists have been organizing this misinformation. As
social media is firmly checked by Chinese authorities.
2.2 How it spread

The Covid-19 pandemic began in china, spread rapidly to different nations all through the
world. World Health Organization (WHO) announced as the 6th general health
emergency on January 30, 2020 and announced as pandemic on March 11, 2020.
In Pakistan the 1st case of COVID-19 was accounted for from Karachi on February 20,
2020, the infection spread into different districts across the country and become
pandemic inside 45 days. On April 10, 2020 the Pakistan count arrived at 4601 confirmed
cases of COVID-19 727 patients recuperated and 66 mortalities happened.
2.3 Border closer over virus fear

On February 24, 2020 considering deaths brought about by novel Covid-19 in Iran,
Pakistan transiently shut its boundary with the adjoining country and chose not to permit
anybody to cross into Pakistan without severe screening of Taftan and four other entrance
points focuses Gwadar, Turbat, Panjgar, and Washuk. Another entrancepoint canister
Mashkel likewise shut by specialists subsequent to getting data about deluge of
13
individuals into Pakistan from Iran. The Pakistani border authorities additionally didn't
permit Pakistani pilgrims and different explorers who arrived at Taftan for continuing to
Iran. On March 2, 2020 the boundary specialists chose to close Pak-Afghan line at
Chaman for an underlying time of seven days which later on keeps on shutting to
forestall corona virus on the two sides of the border. Because of COVID-19 Saudi Arabia
spelled limitations of travelers everywhere on the world and diminished the quantity of
pilgrims. Just 1000 Saudi pilgrims could perform Hajj. That spells dissatisfaction for
pilgrims and debacle for neighborhood economy that depends on them.
2.4 Causes and consequences

The occurrence of COVID-19 expanded because of movement to different places of the
world. Our country has exchange and travel with Iran and China. The expanded flood of
travelers through land, air and ocean putt country at risk of additional stretch of Covid-19
from adjoining nations. The chance of additional importation of the infection in Pakistan
is extremely high and on the grounds that Pakistan has effectively imported infection, the
nation should take exacting measures to decide potential makes right off the bat all
together control existing pestilence and following strides to forestall additionally spread.
After the sudden ascent in Covid-19 patients the Pakistan has now ended the exchange
and transportation with Iran. Because of weighty snowfall land association with china is
impeded. Furthermore, it screens outside movement to Saudi, Iran and Iraq.
2.5 Recommendations to face the situation

The clinicians are attempting to create medicines and immunization to forestall this
infection. The limit circumstance is yet to happen. In any case, in the event that we make
one stride towards self-isolation the danger will decrease right away. That is the
circumstance wherever every entity needs to make strides towards limiting the danger by
remaining at home and restriction. The contact must be cleaned as though appropriate
hand washing conventions are followed and every individual carryout measures to safe
14
others from this infection. Various areas can cooperate to address the difficulties by the
commitment of the general public and local area alongside strategy activities.
15
Chapter no: 3
Condition of Pakistan during COVID-19
3.1 Common circumstance
The quantity of recent COVID-19 patients keeps on ascending in the country. New cases
announced are approximately 1000 every 24 hours. Just now, 1436 new infected patients
and 25 deaths announced which reveals an unequivocal pierce in COVID-19 patients
from last earlier month.
3.2 Situational analysis

Pakistan on November 9, 2020, the last update has detailed 9 mortalities in a day because
ofCovid-19, and COVID-19 cases has expanded to 344839. The cross country count of
fatalities has leaped to 6977. As indicated by the most recent figures by the Nation
Command and Operation Center (NCOC) 1650 individuals have been tried positive for
COVID-19 out of 24 hours. Sindh stays the most exceedingly awful hit territory by
pandemic as far as cases followed by Punjab, Khyber pakhtunkhwa and Islamabad. Till
now 150,169 have been affirmed in Sindh, 106922 in Punjab, 40657 in Khyber
pakhtunkhwa, 21861 in Islamabad, 16106 in Baluchistan, 4758 in AJK and 4366 in Gilgit
Baltistan.
Besides, 2684 people have lost their lives in Sindh, 2408 in Punjab, 1288 in KPK, 154 in
Baluchistan, 241 in Islamabad, 93 in Gilgit Baltistan and 109 in Azad Jamu and Kashmir.
Pakistan has so far led 4709603 COVID-19 tests and 33340 in most recent 24 hours,
318881 COVID-19 patients recovered while 972 patients are in critical condition.
16
3.3 Precautionary procedures
New precautionary procedures have been declared to slow down the extend of COVID-
19 , by forcing half work standard for laborers in both public and private area, a fine of
PKR 100 for neglecting to use mask and a restriction on all weddings and festivals etc.
3.4 Strategies of government to minimize the burden

The government has declared an electricity help package for businesses and SMEs with
half discount on extra electricity utilization for SMEs dependent on their past bills for the
following one year and 25% for enterprises.
Subsequent to presenting in KPK the public authority has reported Health card for the
territory of Punjab which permits each enrolled family to profit medical coverage up to
PKR 1,000,000 per year at public and private clinics.
The State Bank of Pakistan has reported that more than 1.5 million borrowers have
profited by the postponement head and credits bailout conspire offered by State Bank of
Pakistan during COVID-19 pandemic to battle the conservative difficulties. Loan worth
PKR 655 billion were conceded and borrowings worth PKR 200 billion were rebuilt. In
excess of 3000 business benefited the Rozgar plan to get PKR 237 billion renegotiating
for wages and pay rates of more than 1.6 million representatives.
3.5 Economical Situation

Continuing production in June following 75 days closer during COVID-19 lockdown, the
biggest auto tire producer in Pakistan, the overall tire and Rubber Company, has posted
net deals of PKR 32 billion an expansion of 42% in the primary quarter of 2020 against a
similar period a year ago. This increment in deals additionally due mostly to the public
authority measures to control illicit imports of tires. Concrete deals keep on posting
development in the current year as month to month deals October 2020 contacted a high
record when factories dispatched 5.73 million tons to purchasers. Homegrown utilization
expanded by 15.8% to 4.85 million tons from 4.19 million tons in October 2020. Fare
enrolled an increment of 11.58% going up from 784433 tons in October 2019 to 875266
17
tons in October 2020. In the main quarter of 2020 19.3 million tons of concrete were
offered, posting an increment of 19.9% contrast with a similar quarter a year ago. The
government has reported the moving range procedure 2020-2023 to help business
telecom administrators in network arranging speculation because of the enormous
development in information use. The versatile information traffic developed from 165%
at 69 pet bytes in 2017 to 128 pet bytes in 2018 information use developed from
0.34gb/client/month in 2016 to 1.75/client/month in 2018.
Exports in October 2020 grew by 10.5% in the course of the most recent month posting
an increment of US$ 196 million to arrive at US$ 2.1 billion. Then again imports posted a
decay of 15% remaining at US$ 3.7 billion in October 2020 shrinking by US$ 647
million contrasted with the earlier month.
3.5.1 Situation of Imports in September 2020
• Construction and mining hardware PKR 14.2 million (+) 38.23%.

• Tea US$ 36.9 million (+) 46.1% against US$ 36.9 million (September 2019).
• Milk, cream and milk food varieties US$ 14.6 million (+) 57.07% against US$ 9.3
million (September 2019).
3.5.2 Situation of Exports in Sep 2020
• Fruits US$22.2 million (-) 34.74% against US$ 33.97 million (September 2020).
• Pharmaceutical items US$ 27.1 million (+) 48.8% against (September 2019).
• Textile knitwear PKR 49.2 billion (+) 17.91% against PKR 41.7 billion
(September 2019).
18
3.5.3 Financial viewpoint
The Punjab Revenue Authority has declared record income assortment of PKR 9.4
billion, an increment of 24% in October 2020 contrasted with that very month a year ago.
During the primary quarter of the current year the Punjab government gathered PKR
35.46 billion showing development of 6.74 over a similar period a year ago (PKR 32.29
billion).
As the economy progressively changed into the recuperation stage after the underlying
COVID-19 episode income at the (KSE) Karachi Stock Exchange posted record profit
rise 37.9% on a year premise and 51.6% on quarter premise. Productivity development
was driven by banks (54%), composts (84%), and power age enterprises (27.5%). The
unfamiliar trade saves held by the State Bank of Pakistan ascend consistently by US$ 61
million (+0.5%) from US$ 12182 million from US$ 12121 million in the earlier week.
Bank stores in Pakistan developed by 20% over the course of the year to arrive at PKR
16.166 trillion in October 2020 contrasted with PKR 13.91 trillion a year ago around the
same time. In a similar period government's net acquiring from the financial area
expanded by 47% year on year while complete net getting by the private area stayed
unaltered.
The Asian advancement Bank will give crisp financing of around US$ 10 billion in the
following five years to Pakistan to accelerate monetary recuperation measure. 33% of
financing is required to be engaged to energy area.
3.5.4 Momentary opportunities
At the point when conditions in Pakistan by and by become standard, Flemish

associations stand firm on this footing to legitimize market kick-offs. Pakistani
associations have begun showing up at the workplace with the new Exchange Drive,
which is being shipped off the FIT. As a feature of our Effort Program, focused on
"Covid-19, Moving Forward Together," this post has connected Business Contact Day
19
with close by profession and industry workplaces. After the Belgian Business Liaison
Day in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, another Belgian Business Liaison Day was held at the
Trade and Industry Headquarters in Peshawar. The FIT has been educated regarding the
trade leads created during this event. The Post has given more freedoms to this sort of
country.
3.6 Current Healthcare situation

The current situation of healthcare sector is unacceptable as Pakistan is a highly
populated country, which requires high reasonable clinical services. When contrasted
with the created nations Pakistan is monetarily flimsy and preventive measures were not
followed totally in COVID-19 pandemic. The momentum situation of infection is of
more prominent worry in Pakistan. Also, developing nations were similarly more helpless
against the medical services emergency, and Pakistan couldn't beat rising pandemic. The
current flood of the spread of this pandemic in Pakistan was consequence of unwinding
of lockdown.
Besides, China smoothed the bend, giving a breather to the over focused on wellbeing
framework. Bend alludes to the quantity of individuals influenced in a specific time.
China showed efficient, far reaching and composed reaction through fast self-isolation
and building a score of transitory emergency clinics and forcing country wide lockdown.
The government of Pakistan is making new arrangements and systems including
awareness campaigns, isolation centers, testing facilities and lockdown to beat the
pandemic. Alongside the public authority courageous Doctors and over troubled clinical
staff in Pakistan are on bleeding edge and are crucial for the fight being battled against
pandemic. They are under pressure putting themselves and their relative at incredible
danger. By proceeding to take care of patients, numerous medical services experts have
gotten the disease. They are in consistent peril as they don't have Personal Protective
Equipment’s (PPE) and many have lost their lives. RT-PCR done through
nasopharyngeal swabs, however not an ideal test stays the solitary trustworthy
examination as of June 2020. A positive test obviously shows that an individual is tainted
20
however the negative test perhaps bogus negative because of various reasons. The rate
proportion of individuals who have been tested positive among the whole populace of the
individuals who have been tested is exceptionally low. On the off chance that individuals
won't get themselves tested the odds of local area transmission will increment on the
grounds that the spread of the infection to old, helpless and safe traded off people will go
undetected. Along these lines, it is critical that specialists impart how significant testing
is and show how residents can mindfully have their impact in checking transmission by
revealing themselves in the event that they experience COVID-19 indications. The test
trace and isolated (TTI) system is suggested by the World Health Organization. In
Pakistan, testing limit was half of what suggested by the World Health Organization. In
any case, as per Pakistan's strategies suggestive travelers were tried and isolated until the
accessibility of test outcomes. Territories test and track the negative cases that were
shipped off home. Positive cases were dealt with according to healthcare convention.
Positive cases having a place with different territories were isolated for a multi-day time
span by the regions of appearance and couldn't be permitted to go before finishing of an
endorsed period.
21
Chapter no: 4
Challenges pertaining to economy during COVID-19
pandemic in Pakistan
4.1 Introduction
The economy of Pakistan is under extraordinary crumbling, with expanding cases and
difficulties of COVID-19.Terror of infection and monetary misery have come up
together. Pakistan doesn't have adequate assets to accommodate the patients right now.
The vast majority of the population is dependent on daily wagers. The closure of the
entire nation will die because of the hunger as by COVID-19.
4.2 Economic measures before COVID-19 pandemic occurred in

Pakistan
Before the pandemic economy of Pakistan was attempting to recuperate yet there was no
danger of collapse. In any case, the epidemic has influenced the country's economy and
has pushed it really close to bankruptcy.
Although practically all nations have been influenced by the worldwide wellbeing crisis,
Pakistan's economy doesn't can possibly cause significant interruptions because of
epidemic.
Before the scourges in July 2019' Pakistan looked for an Extended Fund Facility (EFF)
program with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) because of its two shortfall issues,
specifically monetary and current record deficiency (CAD by over 70% in the initial
seven months of the FY 2019-20, with limit on imports and cheapening.
Notwithstanding, it arrived at the expense of financial development, which tumbled down
from 5.6% in 2018 to 3.3% in 2019. In 2020 without representing the pandemic, it was
relied upon to stay at 2.4%. Then in the fiscal year deficiency emergency has not been
22
checked on the grounds that income assortment has missed the mark regarding targets
and on the grounds that the public authority has sliced improvement spending to show a
positive hidden equilibrium. Kurdish was the condition of the IMF program. In the midst
of the progressing COVID-19 epidemic, with sharp decreases in fares and settlements the
two shortages are probably going to repeat. The tension on the spending front will
likewise increment. In 2019, Pakistan's military intentionally made expectations in the
guard spending plan. Currently that is perhaps going to increase essentially. What's more
the government will be bound to modify the course of expenditure cuts in wellbeing,
training and other social administrations. These issues have been exacerbated by
Pakistan's growing public debt which is a huge piece of government spending.
The epidemic has constrained most nations to break with the past and start profound
changes, in monetary as well as in governmental issues and unfamiliar and security
strategy. In any case, as a condition of public safety, Pakistan remains by its present
model, as changing its unfamiliar and security strategy will require keeping up the
elements of force between the prevailing military and the regular citizen's political
foundation. Pakistan is utilizing COVID-19 as a methods for acquiring concessions,
bailout and charge alleviation to forestall changes that it has executed as a component of
the 2019 IMF bailout. The nation is likewise looking for bailouts from China and Saudi
Arabia.
In spite of, being useful, these actions can't change the essential for profound primary
changes in Pakistan.
23
4.3 Poverty and unemployment
The Pakistan Institute of Developing Economy (PIDE) evaluations of neediness and
joblessness are more genuine than we suspected. In a progression of announcements
distributed on the potential impacts of COVID-19, PIDE introduced four prospects. The
direst outcome imaginable is high effect and GDP development of 0-1.5%. The PIDE
gauges that the neediness rate will increment from about 23.4% to about 59% can extra
75 million individuals, bringing the absolute populace living underneath the destitution
line to 125 million. PIDE gauges that 56% of the labor force falls under powerless
business. This remembers 80% of those utilized for farming, 75% in entire deal and retail
exchange, half in lodgings and cafes, 60% in land and business, and 40% in
transportation.
The World Bank anticipates that the impact of recession should be borne by the casual
area which represents 72% of business and the conventional area utilized day by day
wage laborers who make up 5% of the absolute labor force.
As per a PIDE study, in case of a total closure, around 18.5 million individuals (30% of
the utilized labor force) who are essential for helpless work will be barred. This view is
currently outlandish because of the simplicity of lockdown. In any case, regardless of
moderate limitations in excess of 12 million individuals (20% of the utilized labor force)
could lose their positions. Inside frail business numerous little positions comprise of day
by day wage works and the individuals who work on a partial premise. Formal area
laborers are likewise in danger. As per a report perhaps the biggest lodging in Pakistan
has as of now closure 20% of its labor force.
There is a developing feeling of uncertainty about work in Pakistan. In an IPSOS

overview, 51% of those studied (both metropolitan and rustic) were worried about losing
their positions throughout the following a half year. The circumstance is exacerbated by
the possibility of a huge number of Pakistan working power, losing their positions and
24
getting back in the center east, which will likewise influence settlement that are so basic
to Pakistan's equilibrium of installment.
Punjab Pakistan's most crowded region will endure the most. PIDE gauges that 10-12
million individuals in Punjab might be on vacation.
Contrasted with different areas Sindh has the least number of employers yet gauges are as
yet disturbing with three to 4,000,000 individuals in danger of losing their positions. For
the other two territories, PIDE figures show that 2 million are probably going to be
jobless in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 1 million in Baluchistan. The territory's business will
be 16% for Punjab, 15% of Sindh, 14.5% for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 9% for
Baluchistan.
4.4 Challenges to trade, industry and business

As in past scenes Pakistan as of now had exceptionally small budgetary space to
moderate a major difficulty. Not at all like other nations, does Pakistan not have
transmission capacity to supply significant help to commerce on the brink of
disappointment due to epidemic. Agreeing to Pasha and Kardar’s calculations contracts
are expected to reach 14-22% within the administrations segment within the fourth
quarter of FY20. Agribusiness is anticipated to develop imperceptibly by 1%. The bank
expects mechanical development to moderate to 2.1% and administrations to 1.7% within
the full financial year 2020. In monetary year 2021, the mechanical and administrations
divisions are anticipated to lose 0.7% and 0.8% respectively. The most recent figures
from the Pakistan Bureau of Insights appear that mass fabricating, which accounts for
almost 80% of GDP within to begin with seven months of FY20. An increment of
negative 3% has been appeared. The petroleum segment recorded the most elevated
decrease of 14%. The figures appear a falling apart drift year on year with decays of 36%
and 1.15% for petroleum.
25
4.5 Challenges in Foreign trade and balance of payment
A PIDE ponder on exchange boundaries caused by COVID-19 and its effect on
Pakistan’s GDP has found a desperate circumstance in which trades and imports will
decrease by 20%. Approximately 70% of Pakistan’s imports are crude materials, halfway
products and capital goods. About 60% trades are materials which are intensely
subordinate on imported crude materials. Subsequently, a diminishment in imports will
influence both sends out and development. Concurring to PIDE’s calculations a 20%
exchange disturbance will diminish GDP by 4.6% within the final quarter of FY20. The
most recent figures discharged by the Pakistan Bureau of Insights affirm the most
exceedingly bad case situation of PIDE. In Walk 2020, imports fell by more than 20%
month on month and sends out by more than 15%. Material trades fell by 18%, apparatus
imports by 15%, petroleum imports by 40%, and crude materials for materials by 20%. In
its most recent national report on Pakistan, the IMF detailed a sharp drop min holder
activity in line with demands for cancellation of trades orders or delays in shop.
4.6 Debt
Pakistan’s open accounts were as of now in desperate straits. The COVID-19 emergency
has made it more troublesome for Pakistan to serve its obligation mountain. In FY19, the
government’s net salary was less than the obligation benefit given by the government,
meaning that most government investing was through obligation and liabilities have risen
from PKR 30 trillion to PKR 41 trillion. The beginning eight months of monetary year
2020, central government obligation has expanded by more than 5% and in February
2020, it has expanded by 21% year on year. Agreeing to IMF gauges, the government
obligation has expanded from 80.4% of GDP some time recently COVID-19 to 85.4%
after COVID-19. The plague gave Pakistan a chance to recoup 107 billion or 38% of
GDP, particularly for outside obligation. It saw the emergency as a way out of the
financial stalemate imposed by the IMF. Within the words of a senior Pakistani financial
journalist,”COVID-19 has influenced most of the worldwide economies to supply a space
for the Universal Money related.
26
4.7 Challenges in energy sector
In the midst of the gigantic negative impacts of COVID-19 on Pakistan’s economy, the
crash in oil costs comes as alleviation. Petroleum items account for almost 30% of
Pakistan’s added up to imports. In this way the decrease within the costs of petroleum, oil
and lubricants (POL) may be a hurricane for the nation, because it not as it were
facilitates the weight on adjust of installments, but too in case the government diminishes
the costs. So it moreover makes a difference in direct inflationary weights. In expansion,
on the off chance that the government does not decrease charges on petroleum items, it
may collect extra charges on the treasury. During the current emergency Pakistan has
attempted to adjust its budgetary needs with ought to give alleviation to the people. With
respect to petroleum in spite of the decrease in PKR 15 per liter costs, the government
anticipates to get another PKR 60 billion within the another money related year.
Be that as it may, the decrease in worldwide oil costs is best case scenario, a hodgepodge.
In spite of the fact that costs stay at current levels, Pakistan could save around 5-8 billion
US$ on its oil import bill, yet this could be counterbalanced by a decrease in settlements
because of the waiver of Pakistani traveler laborers in the Middle East. Besides, because
of the exceptional decrease in oil incomes, these nations will currently be feeling the
squeeze to give any monetary assurances to Pakistan.
The fall in oil costs isn't a solution for the entirety of Pakistan's financial troubles. As
indicated by an energy master, this will represent a test to the nearby oil industry,
bringing about the public authority denying of up to PKR 250 billion in charges and
different incomes. Hypothetically, the expense of force age in Pakistan should diminish
with the decrease into POL costs, as 66% of it is subject to oil and gas. Notwithstanding,
such arrangements are probably not going to happen in light of the arrangements power
makers, who are requested to pay limit pay paying little heed to control utilization. In
March 2020, alone power utilization fell by 30%, gas utilization by 40-half, petroleum
and diesel by 60-75%. This is additionally supported by the way that Pakistan doesn't
27
have the ability to purchase and store modest oil to stay away from additional cost
increments. Regardless of the ascent in oil costs, the COVID-19 emergency in Pakistan's
energy area. Effectively the round date has contacted the galactic sign of PKR 2 trillion.
As indicated by gauges by the public authority's force division, alleviation measures for
power shoppers will cost more than PKR Rs 380 billion. The emergency has been
exacerbated by the decrease in charge assortment during lockouts, with purchaser
utilizing under 300 units in certain units being told not to submit bills for the following
three months, choice builds power rates under tension from Chinese circuit testers
looking for remuneration for swapping scale misfortunes brought about by a10% fall in
the estimation of the Chinese rupee.
28
4.8 The political aftermath
The financial results of COVID-19 will be serious on Pakistan. As a result its household
legislative issues as well as remote security and vital relations with other nations will be
influenced. To meet the challenge of financial stagnation the nation must set out on
extreme financial political and security changes which can require noteworthy bailouts
from universal givers and inviting nations. In any case, Pakistan is not one or the other
inclined to change nor is it likely to get a major bailout program, as most benefactor
nations need to give colossal jolt bundles to urge their financial matters up and running.
There's small space left for budgetary assets to assist countries. The IMF’s EFF program
has too been suspended for presently and weight is mounting on Imran Khan Government
to renegotiate it. Within the nonattendance of conventional giver nations and teach,
Pakistan will have to be turn towards inviting nations such as China and Saudi Arabia.
The Saudi Arabia has as of now given us 3 billion in stores conceded installment office.
Hence, Pakistan’s trusts are as of now centered on the China. Be that as it may, Chinese
commerce and authorities are concerned approximately the execution and benefit of
Chinese venture. As of now Pakistan has inquired China to unwind its installment
commitments for control plants to be setup beneath the China-Pakistan Financial hallway
(CPEC). In expansion the commission of request setup to explore free control venture in
Pakistan has detailed that a 1.7 billion China-Pakistan Financial Passage (CPEC) control
transmission line venture has been created in India with superior innovation 234% more
costly than a comparable venture. Within the quickly changing geostrategic situation
since the COVID-19, in any case China may set aside a few of its exchange and
budgetary concerns with respect to Pakistan in arrange to fortify its vital relationship.
Within the future, Pakistan is likely to extend its reliance on China for financial, military
and political help, and holds it immovably within the last mentioned category. Numerous
Pakistani examiners and scholars accept that the country’s future is with China not the
west. COVID-19 has as it were assisted that conviction. Pak-China relations will not limit
Pakistan’s got to lock in with the west, but it'll be a move in matter. In any case, it is still
29
clear that these financial shortcomings will not influence Pakistan’s key amusement
arrange in Afghanistan. Clearly the Joined together States has misplaced interface in
Afghanistan and shows up to be locks in with the Taliban on their terms. Indeed the
FATF has facilitated the weight on Pakistan. In this exceptionally constrained sense, the
spread of COVID-19 has worked in Pakistan’s favor. Inside, the plague will result in
dispersal and financial trouble. There are genuine concerns around law and arrange and
the rise in wrongdoing. In spite of the fact that, the resistance will attempt to require
advantage of the government’s problems, so distant there's no sign of destabilizing or
toppling the current division. Resistance parties are not solid sufficient to compete with
the administering government and would incline toward that Prime Serve Khan take
responsibility for all the intense choices that got to be taken to keep the economy off
track. Since he took office, Khan’s lake of authoritative and overseeing abilities has
ended up clear.
4.9 Pakistan’s efforts to improve economic fundamentals

Just like the rest of the world, the spread of COVID-19 through different channels has too
influenced Pakistan’s economy, such as declining residential and worldwide demand,
declining tourism and commerce travel, disturbing exchange and generation and
disturbing supply. The quick spread of the COVID-19 infection since February 2020 has
brought financial action to a halt. Be that as it may, the seriousness of the financial
misfortunes will depend on the seriousness and length of COVID-19. To that conclusion
social distance was forced, coming about in a lockdown that influenced action in contact
trade. The negative impacts of COVID-19 were made so self-evident that the
administrations division developed adversely. The report backed the solid bolster from
international lenders and said that the International Monetary Fund had given Pakistan
one year of help between the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank’s plague and
help bundles. In any case, the recovery system will depend on different components such
as the degree of unfavorable impacts on distinctive divisions, the length as well as the
seriousness of the lockdown and related dangers. In any case, beside the RS 1.24 trillion
30
monetary bundles reported by government, the SBP’s measures to supply liquidity bolster
to family units and businesses will address the current financial troubles and bring
impressive help to the populace.
4.9.1 Financial package by Government
In light of the gigantic financial downturn, the government of Pakistan reported a rescue
package worth PKR 1.2 trillion on March 24, 2020. Of this was designated PKR RS 150
billion for coordinate advantage exchange to tall risk families, with each family accepting
a month to month remittance of RS 3000? Four months PKR 12000 were sent forward as
a single installment. For conceded installments PKR 100 billion was apportioned for
SMEs and rural advances. PKR 280 to buy wheat, PKR 200 billion to the labor force.
PKR 75 billion to diminish petroleum item costs, and PKR 100 billion for the export
sector, in return for their return. Although the bundle sounds noteworthy numerous of the
things included were as of now portion of the government budget. For case, the
government is committed to supply discounts to exporters but has been putting off it.
Essentially, the buy of wheat ought to be done as a yearly government securing and
borrowing from banks beneath product operations is break even with. In expansion the
salary bolster program for the weakest classes was as of now included within the FY20
budget, but much of it remained unused, which is presently being displayed as an isolated
assignment. With the section of the Pakistani cabinet the extra burden on the exchequer is
less than the half of the full bundle, i.e. PKR 550 billion. The IMF whereas lauding the
Comprehensive Monetary Help bundle, said that the costs required to moderate the
impacts of the COVID-19 stun were to be balanced, including that it was 1.2% of GDP
compared to 500 billion claiming 2%.
31
4.9.2 State Bank of Pakistan
The State Bank of Pakistan has taken a number of measures in reaction to the epidemic,
the foremost critical of which was to diminish the benchmark approach rate from 13.25%
to 9%. Pakistani businesses have long been requesting lower intrigued rates, as higher
intrigued rates were an obstruction to doing commerce. Prior SBP governors restricted
the move due to tall expansion, but the flare-up of COVID-19 on Walk 16, 2020
constrained the SBP to cut interface rates by 75 premise focuses. The rate was diminished
by another 150 focuses after one week and by 200 premise focuses three weeks
afterward. Businesses have requested encourage four to five percent decrease in this rate.
In spite of the fact that the move will give transitory help, it is hazy whether it'll
invigorate financial action in spite of the scourge, and on the off chance that the ancient
invigorate devices will work in such an unused circumstance. For case, financial analysts
have as of now addressed the convenience of Pakistani government’s bundle for the
development industry in starting financial exercises. Members of the construction
industry are moreover doubtful.
4.9.3 Foreign debt
On the Foreign debt Pakistan is prepared to get 4 billion from the International Monetary
Fund, World Bank and Asian Development Bank and 650 million bundles from the
Islamic Development Bank. In any case, the credit is impossible to be displayed in
composing. Most of Pakistan’s hopes are stuck on the G20 summit, particularly on the
Paris club nations. On the sidelines of the G20 summit, Prime Minister Khan and Foreign
Minister Qureshi campaigned other G20 nations for debt help. In any case, as a few
Pakistani writers have pointed out the Paris club component had as of now reestablished
Pakistan’s fund in 2001, and Saudi Arabia, china and the United Arab Emirates had
concurred to their terms beneath prior terms. Obligations were overwhelmed IMF to
encourage EFF in 2019. In April 2020 the G20 and Paris Club given advance help as it
32
were to the foremost obliged destitute nations, since Pakistan was not included, the nation
did not get any help in terms of rescheduling. On April 15, 2020, the G20 and the Paris
Club reported one year obligation alleviation within the poorest countries, counting
Pakistan. The nation is likely to get 10-15 billion dollars in help, and a few investigators
have accepted duty for reimbursing the 12 billion obligations beneath extend.
Khan invited the move and Qureshi lauded the Prime Minister’s conciliatory position,
calling it a solid and exceptionally convenient choice. Qureshi included that whereas
Pakistani authorities were considering impacts in detail getting freed of the G20
obligation will likely be sufficient. In any case the G20 articulation advertised a greatest
of 1.5 billion credits, which he would need to serve for the Paris Club over the another
two a long time. On April 20, 2020, the IMF Inhabitant Agent for Pakistan uncovered
that the nation had not however made an official ask for debt relief. According to
Pakistan’s Ministry of Finance, they were likely to get a greatest alleviation of as it were
1.7 billion.
33
Chapter no: 5
Educational, Health and Social challenges to Pakistan
during COVID-19
5.1 Introduction
COVID-19 has been a bad dream for all segments of the world’s social, financial,
instructive, healthcare sector and political texture. From these, instruction is one the
foremost influenced regions. As a result, the world’s instruction framework had been
closed down for more than half a year. Developed nations have changed their strategy of
instruction from physical to online. Nations like Pakistan were most influenced since they
were not prepared for online instruction. Understudies and instructors have confronted
numerous challenges in securing this modern innovation.
5.2 Challenges to Education

In early days, there was a solid prominence way in to e-learning. Without impartiality
technology will not be able to supply successful instruction to all our children. In spite of
the fact that, online learning is well gotten by O and A level students, not all schools can
bear e-learning to offer. They don't have the technology to deliver the desired advanced
substance. Students will require a secured web and portable phone. The level at which we
have postponed computerized instruction some time recently the pandemic could be a
need. We realized that anything we put into the world of computerized education. There
was still the open address of whether instructors were qualified to educate viably online.
Most instructors such as guardians, attempt to create content book educational programs
and mixed media materials that capture the consideration of students in intelligently
classrooms that they don't see. It takes a lot of time. Within the digital world a two hour
lesson takes up to six hours of documentation and preparation. The objective isn't fair to
supply substance but to lock in students. Fourth, whereas campuses are unordinary for
34
understudies, regulation costs are rising. Colleges are beneath weight to pay educational
cost expenses to empower workers to pay instructors. There's no question that
universities work beside their open systems. They are too key drivers of nearby and
territorial economies, giving coordinate or roundabout back to thousands of specialized
occupations. For technical education, a specific jump is particularly difficult, and
numerous colleges have battled for the questionable future. Meanwhile schools are
profoundly concerned approximately the level of enrollment and the net pay of
educational cost with enrollment. Online preparing is moving at a slower than
anticipated. In expansion, challenges emerge security issues with domestic apparatuses
such as zooming, keeping up, particularly from the classroom environment to a virtual
one. In differentiate; college preparing, social organizing, social occasions and the
classroom environment will all are at chance. There are no notebooks or tablet computer
for all classes. Guardians still require a computer at home for work, so children don't
have the opportunity to utilize it. Because of troublesome applications instructors are
anxious of learners who utilize keen phones. Troubles in parental help, frequently
children face savagery within the domestic environment in which family individuals get
into battles and quarrels with each other. Such a climate includes a negative impact on the
enthusiastic wellbeing of children and so decreases their learning results.
5.2.1 Risk of online education
The pandemic of COVID-19 has gravely influenced the instruction of millions of

Pakistani students. The potential effect of guardians and teachers on student’s short-term
improvement and long-term advancement is especially alarming. Closures have a more
noteworthy negative effect on poor students or rural schools. The self-evident benefits of
online tutoring stay to be considered, basically in light of social imbalances in innovation,
framework and instruction. Underneath are a few troublesome impacts. To begin with of
all, there are still opportunities on the web that are known to be changeless elective to
classrooms. The department of technology will create an amazing extra learning system.
Moment, it must be recognized that the classroom not as it were empower us to travel
35
overseas, but too the steadfast social intuitive that offer outside travel. Third, a few
questions such as uncertainty about validation and quality administration are not replied.
Fourth, the need of legitimate IT framework can be inconvenient to little instructive
teach. Fifth, extreme changes in online instruction are likely to extend proficiency crevice
for low-income families, locale and creating nations. Online instruction is first class
prepare that can as it were work way better in developed nations. Family destitution
accentuation on household obligation and parental nonattendance due to separate
occupations can cause unsalvageable harm to the learning of the children. Sixth,
Pakistan’s online education still faces calculated issues, counting need of secure power,
solid web, need of information of computerized gadgets, and need of cyber security
information. There's no TV within the house for an expansive number of understudies, in
case they do, they will not advantage from 14-16 hours of load shedding in rural areas.
Seventh, after the corona virus scene over, there's a concern that school chairmen will
utilize an internet learning framework to decrease the number of instructors.
Eighth, they regularly give up intuitive with individuals, such as games and
extracurricular occasions that are as significant as the quality of the program. Ninth, it'll
offer various online courses solely. Instructors ought to receive their instructing to online
dissemination in any circumstance. But online preparing, indeed in case given by a
competent and able instructors prepared in distance learning instruments, isn't so great. A
course regularly succeeds with unauthorized tests that happen sometime recently and
after class when students meet, and with the essential reality that the real handle of
coming to course requires slightest a few time and energy.
With the move to online learning in Walk 2020, numerous students who find it more
troublesome to center on their classes are not sluggish. Lesson competition restricted to
fair one desktop computer, not as it were requires physical separation but moreover
makes a relative boundary that creates consideration more mentally difficult. Everyone
gets it that a parcel instruction has been misplaced since the departure of classrooms,
36
students, workforce and chairmen into zoom. But at the exceptionally slightest, colleges
cannot bear to decrease educational cost accordingly.
5.2.2 Government response
Instruction in Pakistan has never been the priority of governments. It does not matter
which political party or government is in control within the nation. The government has
forever decreased lockdown and presented an unused term for keen lockdown. In spite of
the opening of other segments in Pakistan, till September 15, education remained closed
for around six months. The as it were great administration of schools was amid the
lockdown on April 14 when the primary school was propelled in Pakistan to assist public,
school students and to diminish the harm done to their instruction, usually a beneficial
move. On the other hand, in it to begin with week, the United States propelled Oak
National Institute, an unused online school where around 2 million students can learn.
The HEC is fundamentally a better education consultancy and its arrangements apply
fundamentally to the glory of colleges. In this manner, higher education was in confused
since each university had its claim arrangements. Their approaches have observed that
numerous colleges don't merely get ready for online instruction and have to be act
quickly. It too famous that students have concerns approximately the value of education.
But instructors too had an issue with how to digitalize their substance. But the reality of
this ground is alluring. For illustration, quickly after the lockdown, a few institutions
suspended online instruction exercises until June 1, but have not however been able to
conduct an expansive scale staff preparing program. The HEC cautions that its last
approach rules may too result within the cancellation of the semester.
37
5.3 Challenges to Health sector during COVID-19 in Pakistan
At first, Pakistan needed “standard operating procedures” and the government had to
send testing units from China and Japan. Moreover, due to lockdowns and infringement
of standard operating procedures (SOPs), the quickly developing number has put a strain
on the healthcare framework. Increasingly, this pandemic and its impacts have expanded.
Since immunization advancement has not however been fruitful, “herd immunity” can as
it were be accomplished on the off chance that around three quarters of the populace
contracts the infection. Besides, testing capacity in Pakistan is restricted; to most
COVID-19 tests are not losing their veil in spite of the spread of the infection. The
current situation moreover raises concerns approximately government’s capacity to
address the current healthcare emergency. In this respect, healthcare experts recommend
that the government ought to act capably to guarantee way better security given to
healthcare professionals. Identifying suspected cases, presenting individual defensive
gear and taking regulatory measures to move forward the results of COVID-19 patients
and to guarantee that healthcare experts are superior secured. Testing, following and
lockdown ought to center on zones where clusters have been recognized. Healthcare
experts ought to be given with extraordinary assurance some time recently the illness can
lead to disastrous deaths. There ought to contribute in inveterate irreversible healthcare
frameworks so that Pakistan can create the capacity to battle epidemics.
5.3.1 Shortage of medical equipment’s
As a middle- income nation, with a frail healthcare foundation and a populace of roughly
197 million, Pakistan is at a hazard of COVID-19. The government serve of healthcare on
February 26, 2020 detailed the primary two affirmed cases of COVID-19 in Karachi and
Islamabad. Inside 12 days, 5 cases were detailed in Gilgit Baltistan, 14 in Sindh and 1 in
Baluchistan. The topographical area of the epicenter connected to China and Iran,
requires exceedingly compelling arrangements and methodologies to counter the
circumstance. Agreeing to World Health Organization, nations ought to take all
38
preparatory measures to restrain the transmission of the infection through ceaseless
observation, isolate, wakefulness campaigns and early detection. In expansion, handling
other healthcare challenges could be a major challenge nowadays. In differentiate, amid
the primary few days, Pakistan needed medical facilities and suspicious samples were
sent to China. Moreover, until the government received ground works, testing packs and
supplies from other nations, as it were some specialized care centers were accessible with
restricted demonstrative and treatment facilities. As of June 27, 2020, there were
numerous centers in Pakistan. The World Health Organization has too setup COVID-19
test centers in seven hospitals over the nation. At first there were as it were a couple of
isolate centers in Pakistan. In any case, additional time more individuals were made a
difference by outside help. Still the centers came out of the room. Moreover, there were a
number of masks accessible to meet the requirements of the common open sometime
recently the scourge, but as the rate of contamination expanded and they were traded,
they got to be uncommon and costly. At the time of the epidemic, numerous drugs and
hardware were in brief supply and stockiest begun his claim commerce. But the
government of Pakistan has taken steps and presently the circumstance is beneath control.
Essentially, the Karachi, Lahore and South Sindh, which accounts more than 98,000
cases, have as it were 14000 beds, counting both open and private healing centers.
Handfuls of patients were reaching the administration healing centers but due to need of
therapeutic facilities the healing centers are incapable to supply satisfactory therapeutic
help. Sangruti centers were setup in Baluchistan but they need standard care and
screening handle.
As the number of cases of COVID-19 increments in Pakistan, the weight of patients

diminishes. Open approaches fizzled since of the indifferences of the individuals. The
advice of public health authorities was disregarded and the government facilitated the
lockdown. The choice harvested a biting gather. Caregivers were influenced, laboratory
facilities were contracted, and crisis rooms were filled with tainted patients. Essentially,
labor has dwindled, ICU space has contracted, and the fetched of care has expanded.
39
Indeed fundamental restorative hardware was inert and there was a deficiency of
specialists and paramedics. Costly medical equipment has been inert for a long time. The
elite class was given main concern over poor. Indeed the recovery and repair of health
facilities was ignored. In expansion, it was not exceptional for standard individuals to see
scenes of hospital equipment being crushed. The pain of their adored ones turned into a
plague since it was fair doctor’s blame. Irate families were beating specialists and
vandalizing hospitals as doctors deserted COVID-19 patients. The frequency of COVID-
19 seem quickly overpower Pakistan’s healthcare framework. It looks just like the plague
was here. The state needed therapeutic hardware and individual and obsolete
infrastructure.
Investigations appear that improved patients have antibodies in their plasma that will be
helpful to contaminated patients. Rather than giving plasma as a great sign to assist
individuals with this possibly dangerous malady, recuperated patients are making it their
trade. Plasma transfusion was not a remedy but a line of treatment and is still within the
exploratory stages. It ought to as it were work in controlled settings. In any case, the open
ought to attempt it without the endorsement of specialists. So also, different drugs
counting dexamethasone COVID-19 patients. In this manner, a lot of exertion is required
to bargain with the circumstance. Specialists fear that on the off chance that its spread
isn't diminished through strong measures and the choice of lasting administration, it may
lead to obtuse catastrophe.
5.4 Social challenges in Pakistan during COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on lives and employments around
the world. Numerous nations have taken exceptional measures to amplify social security
nets, particularly for powerless bunches such as low-income families, children and
youthful individuals, ladies, low-skilled specialists, portion time or brief laborers and
self-utilized. This pandemic has affected on social lives of individuals.
40
5.4.1 Work from home
The nature of work of farmers and construction workers is such that they have to go out
but those who work at the desk now have a new office at home. Business around the
world is required to ask their employees to work from home. Among them are many
companies like Microsoft and apple. By the way, the tendency of work from home is
already present with the corona virus but now it may be normal.
5.4.2 Indoor Lifestyle
The experience of being alone and in quarantine can change the way we have fun, for
example, going to the cinema, concerts, sports functions, marriage ceremonies and
festivals etc.
But streaming platforms are also gaining popularity around the world, and the number of
Netflix users alone has grown by 47% to 161 million in the same period. Now that
cinemas are closing due to corona virus, more people are likely to switch to Netflix and
other streaming services.
5.4.3 Challenges to travel and tourism industry
COVID-19 pandemic has vexed the tourism industry and may alter our fundamental
recognition of travel. Agreeing to the World Travel and Tourism Chamber, the pandemic
seem slaughter 50 million tourism related occupations worldwide. The International Air
Transport Association gauges that the worldwide aviation sector might lose 113 billion
this year. The estimate comes before the US forced strict travel limitations. The
association says 1.1 million flights were canceled around the world in Walk and bookings
fell by 50%, whereas April bookings fell by 40% and flight bookings for May by 25%.
Measures taken at the local level have also taken a heavy toll on the tourism industry.
These measures include voluntary distancing one self and banning public gathering.
Tourism-dependent regions are mentally preparing for even worse times.
41
5.4.4 Online shopping
Online shopping around the world is not as common as you might think. Even in areas
where the internet is everywhere. For example, in 2019, 30% of internet users in Europe
did not shop online. But among people aged 55 to 74, the rate has now risen to 45%.
The situation is changing rapidly as people do not leave their homes. The general public’s
attitude towards online shopping is changing, and the trend is growing among people of
this age who are afraid of new experiences.
5.4.5 Clean environment
Recent satellite imagery clearly shows a significant reduction in air pollution. This is due
to the lockdown in many cities due to which there is no traffic on the roads and no
polluted smoke is emanating from the factories. The reduction in industrial and traffic
pollution means that the country’s greenhouse gas emissions have dropped significantly.
But as the world returns to normality, the old levels of pollution are likely to return.
Marshal Burke, an analyst at Stanford College, calculated that the current or transitory
change in atmosphere quality in China has spared the lives of 4000 children beneath the
age of 70. That's distant more than the number of deaths from the corona virus has
slaughtered more than 3000 individuals in China.
5.4.6 The e-doctor method of consultancy
The use of telecommunications and virtual technology differentiate health services from
traditional methods is called telehealth.
The use of telehealth to diagnose and treat the disease has become even more important
in the wake of the corona virus outbreak. The World Health Organization has also
encouraged this trend. Experts believe that this method will reduce costs and increase
access to health facilities.
42
According to Steve Davis, an open wellbeing approach expert at the university of West
Virginia within the United States, telehealth can too offer assistance anticipate the spread
of the infection by making a difference self-contained isolate, whereas it can to proceed
to treat other illnesses. This strategy has gotten to be portion of the US government’s
endeavors to control the corona infection.
43
Chapter no: 6
The potential role of GIS in COVID-19 pandemic
6.1 Introduction
GIS is an abbreviation for Geographical Information System. The beginnings of GIS are
in automated frameworks produced for the assortment, stockpiling, investigation and
introduction of geological data in computerized structure. GIS incorporates a wide
assortment of information. It examines the nearby area and figures out how to envision
layers of data utilizing guides and 3D maps. With this exceptional capacity, GIS uncovers
profound experiences into information, like examples, connections and circumstances,
assisting clients with settling on better choices.
6.1.1 How GIS works
GIS innovation utilizes geographic sciences with apparatuses of comprehension and

coordinated effort. It assists individuals with arriving at a shared objective, to gain
significant knowledge from a wide range of information.
6.1.2 Usage of Maps
Maps are a geographic container for the layers of data and analytics you want to work
with. GIS maps are easily shared and embedded in apps, and are available through
virtually everyone, everywhere.
6.1.3 Collection of Data
GIS incorporates various sorts of data layers utilizing neighborhood. The greater part of
the data is geological. GIS data incorporates logo (image of light), features and manual
pages and tables.
44
6.1.4 GIS study
Spatial investigation permits you to assess and anticipate, decipher and comprehend, and
substantially more, which loans another point of view to your bits of knowledge and
dynamic.
6.2 Challenges in using GIS

General healthcare organizations depend on conventional strategies for controlling and
observing the spread of irresistible illnesses. This relies upon research center reports and
the specialist finding, yet it takes more time to decide of the illness outbreaks is
fundamental for powerful irresistible infectious prevention. As of now neighborhood
information are gathered yet not regularly utilized in routine irresistible infection
observing. Since pandemic are regularly brought about by the level of neighborhood
adequacy, spatiotemporal reconnaissance calculation is to work with early location of
illness flare-ups that display nearby grouping, for example, people communicating the
sickness actually, or those related with a nearby wellspring of disease.
Authentic calculations for general health checking can be utilized to assess both
chronicled and reenacted spread information. Finding is generally made by contrasting
the spread sign from the calculation, which demonstrates the particular area of the flare-
up in existence with pre-decided measures.
6.3 GIS capability to control the situation

Productive joint exertion with the GIS subject expert SMEs can be refined through
proposition on map significance, assessment plans, and data precision. GIS SMEs are
incorporated from beginning and GIS capacities can similarly be started among field
gatherings. For example, GIS with Global Health Team of the Centers for Disease
Control on Prevention on tasks related to geospatial research examination and
organization errands to find significantly profitable ways to deal with accumulate, store
and test objections. Workers expected a working part in this collaboration and developed
45
the errand that organized the outline region, accepted data combination procedures and
analyzed neighborhood data that helped with developing a smart gadget for arranging.
Pakistani objections should focus in on wide reference planning and testing means to
prompt the local organizations about latest status of COVID-19 at the nearby to public
level. Aides can be valuable in choosing an area limits for outlines. For example, it is
easier to design and take apart openly available data reliant upon explicit interest,
according to wellbeing result data and people. In this, pictorial data is in like manner
valuable in giving information, especially if one endeavors to examine the damage
achieved by cataclysmic occasion.
6.4 Identification of outbreak and counting of cases

Business and open source GIS bundles offer significant programming alternatives. GIS
assists with creating spatiotemporal calculations for effectively recognition of irresistible
infection. This fills in as a trial of algorithmic development execution during this time.
The indicative technique inspects the time example and exactness of the calculation for
the spread of the recorded illnesses, which permits the choice of practical calculations for
the particular observational setting of the person. The symptomatic strategy additionally
improves the exhibition of explicit applications by adjusting the calculation boundaries.
At the point when a specific wellbeing end is drawn, the exact weak populace must be
resolved. Regularly assessing a populace in a particular geographic region includes
assessing a more fragile populace. The GIS can help look at evaluation information to
distinguish the fitting populace in danger. Regularly these prior international limits are
adequate to gauge the qualities of the populace. Yet, this isn't generally the situation. For
instance, wind ranches can spread a sickness to just a little piece of the country or even to
various spaces of the evaluation, bringing about strange structure.
46
The GIS instruments can be utilized to figure the level of region overviewed
corresponding to characterized international limits. Distantly recognized information
incorporates pictures of ethereal and satellite or information can be gathered by satellite
sensors circling the earth and this interaction is another wellspring of GIS information,
far off detecting methods help to distinguish fundamental geography or notice
vacillations after some time. Satellites or aeronautical symbolism are especially valuable
for reacting to regular environment occasions by giving significant experiences into
fiascos brought about by the climate and framework, and how individuals are caught all
through the locale. This picture appraisal incorporates an assortment of strategies, like
static guide arrangement, enlivened pictures and related intuitive miniature guides.
Moreover, various progressed apparatuses are utilized to make dynamic and innovative
bends of an epidemiological science for all neighborhood units for the situation study
territory. Bends and bearings are appeared in maps that help to see the stages, degree and
geological conveyance of the scourge.
6.6 Data arrangement

Typically introductory information is utilized to plan the circulation of infection with the
quantity of focuses. These focuses are appeared in maps that show the space of
investigation of each case or show the paces of geological conveyance of tallies. The
information of rate and check enumeration can be assessed on various fringe units (for
example nations, evaluation parcels, or postal codes). Choropleth planning procedures
picture limit and limit numbers utilizing marginal expansion. The choice of characterized
divisions and shading topics involves fundamental thought. Gathered cases from houses
inside the town are additionally valuable. This data can be utilized to analyze the
choropleth guides of recorded house cases or rates with the measure of different houses
nearby under examination. Moreover, the guide is additionally used to show the area of
cases in building rooms, like a medical clinic, dispensary or nursing home.
47
An insightful investigation of point-level cases gives a thought of the degree of spread of
the sickness. This information additionally assisted with assessing nearby bunches.
Likewise, the examination of the spot of action or the assistance areas help to feature the
attributes of the illness that spreads on a common and relative scale. Another important
advantage of GIS is fusing limited data into the focal examination which assists with
pondering experiences the degree of sickness examples and hazard factors at various
areas.
6.7 Creation and testing of theory

Guides that reach inferences from a distinct examination can be useful in displaying the
normal likelihood of a weak populace being connected to hazard elements. The aftermath
and guides of elucidating assessment could timely tentative improvement of infection
cause factors, openness areas and transmission modes. This data will help the field group
to decide the requirement for additional scientific investigations in which diverse present
day and advance spatial measurements can be applied to comprehend geographic
relationship at various occasions and among sickness and affirmed risks. Hazard maps
are utilized to decide and compute the techniques for a test territory or geographic
relapse, to comprehend examples of locally geologically disseminated infections or
significant danger factors. The analysts utilized bunch examination for computational,
factual appraisal to assess the very outcomes that have all the earmarks of being near one
another or whether these occasions are uncommon. Bunch insightful discoveries can be
incredibly important in producing existence presumptions and hazard factor evaluations.
6.8 Hazards to material supply

Specifically, area based rate designs can feature zones where controlling measures are
more compelling. It is helpful to investigate such territories and recognize the key
elements influencing the viability of this methodology, if these progressions are
successful in conquering the means. Moreover, it is imperative to choose how and where
to join changes. Analysts can record variances in narcotic related deaths in various
48
districts to discover where work is being done adequately. Spatiotemporal examination
helps analysts in cutting edge methods to analyze and decide complex connections in
preventive exercises, potential infection factors, and hazard zones. It likewise assists with
assessing the effect of situations where preventive measures are being taken remedy,
methods for recovery, or area of treatment. Then, we need to opportune decide the time
arrangement representation, liveliness, map arrangement, appended miniature guides, and
geographic shapes to assess those evolving designs. Afterward, there are medical care
examination and fleeting logical investigations that uncover passing up on anticipation
openings and markings where various intercessions work. This information is helpful in
mirroring the regions needed for additional assets and controlled methodology.
6.9 Discus the results keep an eye on social sentiment and the local
spread of tracking
Among the numerous compelling ways, the best and quickest approach to spread current
circumstance data is by taking a gander at a guide that furnishes extra pertinent
geographic data alongside territorial point information about framework, environment,
occasions and more extensive impacts, it additionally helps in checking.
Week by week maps are significant for picturing illness occasions and geographic
changes during a momentous contagion flare-up, for example, COVID-19.
For example, during 2019, the over whelming live discernments were done to get to
current data of the condition at clinical centers, pharmacies, nursing homes and other
prosperity related spots with likely centered around territories. The ideas give significant
data to recognize regions where clinical assets can be used best. The guides help nearby
specialists and organizations to correspondence results and spread mindfulness. Likewise,
casualties can get to data from the correct hand.
Also the Pakistan government needs to examine the precautionary measures taken by
different governments during the past plague circumstances.
49
Chapter no: 7
Role of NGOs and relief organizations at the time of
pandemic
As the nation is secured in forestall the spread of dangerous Covid-19, NGOs and relief
organizations have assumed a principal part in decreasing the monetary weight by giving
proportions and clinical consideration to low-pay gatherings. The pounding financial lull
is an immediate aftereffect of the worldwide COVID-19 flare-up, especially influencing
the country's populace living beneath the neediness line. Enormous and little alleviation
associations and NGOs in Pakistan, conveys apportion for 15 days the nation over to
families in low-pay zones, notwithstanding soaps, cleansers and face masks and has
likewise set up isolation wards to manage Covid cases.
7.1 Helping poor under lockdown

Al-Khidmat Foundation: It is one of the largest charities in Pakistan. AL-Khidmat
Foundation distributed rations for 15 days across the country and also soaps, cleansers
and face masks.
This organization runs a progression of good cause medical clinics the nation over,
remembering a best in class office for the southern desert locale of Thar, has set up
isolation wards to manage Covid-19 cases. The most exceedingly awful influenced are
workers and day by day breadwinners, whose vocations have been seriously influenced
by the Covid-19 pandemic. Their quick concern is about the food they attempted to give
them.
A sum of 52 little and huge hospitals the nation over have been intended to manage the
spread of the Covid-19, two of which have been taken over by government prepared staff.
Al-Khidmat is the establishment which came in the wake of aid projects for the casualties
of the destructive 2005 quake in Pakistan managed Kashmir and the 2010 and 2011
floods in the country, in this way it previously had complete information of poor families.
50
Al-Khidmat and other significant foundations profit by the way that they have been
associated with alleviation work for quite a long time. They know where and when
proportions should be circulated.
Edhi Foundation: The Edhi foundation is an aid agency set up by universally eminent
social lobbyist Abdul Satar Edhi, it is bringing in Covid-19 testing packs, given to
government and charitable clinics in distant spaces of the country. Also, they conveyed
apportion to destitute families. The cause, which works a cross country emergency
vehicle administration, has given an enormous part of its ambulances to medical clinics
the nation over and to convey suspected infection patients to isolate focuses and
emergency clinics.
Saylani Welfare: Another foundation across the country, Saylani Welfare, has presented
a cell phone application and telephone utility, where penniless families can enlist to get
proportions and different fundamentals.
Likewise volunteers from Alamgir Welfare Trust, Pakistan Islamic Medical Association,
a cross country gathering of expert specialists, Baitussalam Trust and other non-
government associations (NGOs) are helping government staff at different focuses and
past, where a huge number of suspected patients generally explorers from adjoining Iran,
have been separated.
7.2 Key role of Pakistan’s local charities during pandemic

For quite a long time, Pakistan's local charities have been assuming a vital part in
facilitating the monetary weight on the public authority by giving food, clinical
consideration and other key administrations to low-pay gatherings. To additional its
motivation during these troublesome occasions, pepsico, related to the association's
magnanimous wing, the pepsico establishment, tries to build support for these
foundations as a feature of its "Millions of meals" activity. Resolved to additional its
motivation during these troublesome occasions, nearby foundations looks to expand
support for these causes as a component of its "Millions of meals" activity. Apart from
51
millions of meals there are also millions of stories of people who contributed their best
for being helping hands to society in these hard times of COVID-19 pandemic. Following
are some of those stories which are well received on paper media:
For the residents of Shams Pir village on Bhatt Island, Razzaq is no less than a saint. That
is why they often call him Hajji Razzaq. Talking about the many struggles of fishermen
and their families on Baba Bhatt Island, Razzaq told that 80% of them are too poor to eat.
Their debit is huge and no one comes to help. No matter what is bothering them, the
people here know that they can knock on Razzaq brother’s door at any time of the day.
He said that he would try his best to help all these people lead their lives peacefully in
this pandemic of COVID-19.
Speaking for the neglected transgender community in Karachi, Zehrish has high hopes
for a city that has nothing but privilege. They believe that people can help their
community overcome stereotypes, and that only they will have the strength to find the
right job opportunities, acceptance and social inclusion that they have always dreamed.
Zehrish led the OTF team tom the Hub check post in Safora goth, Bin Qasim pipri,
Baldia Qasba and Saadullah Goth in Karachi. Talking about the state of his community,
Zehrish said, people are facing loneliness now but they were born in it. They do not have
jobs and more developed areas of the city. They do not have houses, many of them are
educated and have the right skills to grow Pakistan’s economy, but no one is willing to let
them work. Zehrish helped the Orange Tree Foundation serve millions of meals to the
poor transgender community affected by the lockdown with nothing but a little sympathy
and community involvement.
Zufiqar Ali a social worker said that his mother was told to leave him when he was born
with a physical disability, but she refused to leave him and said, “My son will not be a
burden, and will make something of himself and represent people like him”. Zulfiqar Ali
volunteered for food distribution campaign, because he feels uneasy when he say himself
good at doing nothing. People with disabilities do not get as much respect or space as
52
other family members. So many people with disabilities experience the challenges of
everyday life in spite of the many challenges of travelling to a place of division, the
unavailability of family support, and stereotypes. Zulfiqar Ali played an active role as a
community representative and volunteer. He represented people with disabilities in his
community and gave the team valuable insights on the social dynamics of Sujawal in
COVID-19 pandemic situation.
Reaching remote neglected areas of Baluchistan, the people’s Primary healthcare

Initiative (PPHI) is running a two phase food distribution campaign. The first focused on
Qila Abdullah, Panjgur, Lasbah, Quetta and Jafarabad, and the second phase aims to
cover 28 more different districts. With the deployment of 10-15 staff in each office, PPHI
was able to meet many of the challenges that stood in the way. The largest identification
of beneficiaries by community support groups and district administration.
7.3 Religious body calls for nearly Zakat

Religious authority of Pakistan called for early appropriation of Zakat an obligatory
yearly charity in Islam, to help low pay individuals who are experiencing monetary
stoppage because of the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Council of Islamic Ideology, a religious warning body to the nation's parliament, has
encouraged the rich to pay their Zakat, which is 2.5% of the all-out yearly investment
funds in real money, gold or silver more than usual.
53
Conclusion
The COVID-19 coursed by SARS-CoV-2 in the Wuhan city of China which rapidly
spreads in countries and regions of the world including USA, UK, Italy, Spain and
Pakistan. The current scenario of Pakistan is not satisfactory as Pakistan is a much
populated country where required more facilitation. Pakistan is a developing country
where the financial position is not better as compared to China, USA, UK, and Russia to
combat with COVID-19 outbreak. The number of hospitals and quarantine facilities being
not fulfilled as required. If these medical facilities improved, then it will not be difficult to
control the transmission of virus and treatment of patients. Currently the testing facilities
could increase, as they are much lower than the required target. Online education should
be the priority of all educational institutions during lockdown. To improve availability of
online education some measures should be taken against unavailability of network in rural
areas of Pakistan. The right steps should be taken to control the situation such as staying at
homes, lockdown, social distancing using sanitizers, and face mask when necessary.
Pakistan needs more screening facilities for the arrivals as well as for the departures. It is
hoped that Pakistan will overtake the COVID-19.
54

Thesis Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thesis Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter no: 1.................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 Research Topic........................................................................................................9

1.2 Research Question..................................................................................................9

1.3 Aims and Objectives...............................................................................................9

1.5 Literature Review.................................................................................................10

1.6 Research Methodology.........................................................................................10

References........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter no: 2.................................................................................................................. 11

Spread of COVID-19 throughout Pakistan..................................................................11

2.1 Origin of COVID-19.............................................................................................11

2.1.1 Conspiracy theory Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV)..............................11

2.1.2 Conspiracy theory the United States.............................................................12

2.2 How it spread........................................................................................................13

2.3 Border closer over virus fear...............................................................................13

2.4 Causes and consequences.....................................................................................14

2.5 Recommendations to face the situation...............................................................14

References:.......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Condition of Pakistan during COVID-19.....................................................................16

3.1 Common circumstance.........................................................................................16

3.2 Situational analysis...............................................................................................16

3.3 Precautionary procedures....................................................................................17

3.4 Strategies of government to minimize the burden..............................................17

3.5 Economical Situation............................................................................................17

3.5.1 Situation of Imports in September 2020.......................................................18

3.5.2 Situation of Exports in Sep 2020....................................................................18

3.5.3 Financial viewpoint.........................................................................................19

3.5.4 Momentary opportunities..............................................................................19

3.6 Current Healthcare situation...............................................................................20

References........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter no: 4.................................................................................................................. 22

Challenges pertaining to economy during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan...........22

4.2 Economic measures before COVID-19 pandemic occurred in Pakistan..........22

4.3 Poverty and unemployment.................................................................................23

4.4 Challenges to trade, industry and business.........................................................25

4.5 Challenges in Foreign trade and balance of payment........................................26

4.7 Challenges in energy sector..................................................................................27

4.8 The political aftermath.........................................................................................29

4.9 Pakistan’s efforts to improve economic fundamentals.......................................30

4.9.2 State Bank of Pakistan...................................................................................32

4.9.3 Foreign debt....................................................................................................32

References:.......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter no: 5.................................................................................................................. 34

Educational, Health and Social challenges to Pakistan during COVID-19...............34

5.2 Challenges to Education.......................................................................................34

5.2.1 Risk of online education.................................................................................35

5.2.2 Government response.....................................................................................37

5.3 Challenges to Health sector during COVID-19 in Pakistan..............................38

5.3.1 Shortage of medical equipments....................................................................38

5.4 Social challenges in Pakistan during COVID-19 Pandemic..............................40

5.4.1 Work from home............................................................................................41

5.4.2 Indoor Lifestyle...............................................................................................41

5.4.3 Challenges to travel and tourism industry....................................................41

5.4.4 Online shopping..............................................................................................42

5.4.5 Clean environment.........................................................................................42

5.4.6 The e-doctor method of consultancy.............................................................42

References:.......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter no: 6.................................................................................................................. 44

The potential role of GIS in COVID-19 pandemic......................................................44

6.1.1 How GIS works...............................................................................................44

6.1.3 Collection of Data...........................................................................................44

6.1.4 GIS study.........................................................................................................45

6.2 Challenges in using GIS........................................................................................45

6.3 GIS capability to control the situation................................................................45