Ampere's circuital law


According to ampere's circuital law the line integral of magnetic field B around any closed
curve is equal to 0 times the net current i passing through the area enclosed by the closed curve.
A

0
R
B

P dl
i

B
according to Biot-Savart law, magnetic field at P,
 
i.e.  B . dl =  0i
where 0 is free space permeability.
Proof : Consider AB as along, straight conductor with current i, as shown

0 i
B= ...(i)
2 R
and at P line integral
 
 B . dl =  B dl  B  dl ...(ii)

Using (i) and  dl  2 R in (ii)

  0 i
  dl = 2 R  2R 
B

=  0i
which is Ampere's circuital law.
This is the integral form of Ampere's circuital law.

Conversion to Differential form

As enclosed current I can be stated as
  
I=  J . ds ...(i)
s

 
where J is the current density and ds is the small surfaces area of closed path.
From Ampere's circuital law
 
 B.dl =  0 I
 
= 0  J .ds ...(ii)
s

Stoke's law states that

    

   B  ds =   B . dl ...(iii)
s

from (ii) and (iii)

    
   B  ds = 0 
 J. ds
s

  
hence   B  0 J ...(iv)
 
equation (iv) is the differential form of Amperes law. Because   B  0 , magnetic field
is not conservative and its curl has some value.
  
When the points are inside a closed loop for which J  0,   B  0 .